State v. Brooks , 2017 Ohio 5620 ( 2017 )

[Cite as State v. Brooks, 2017-Ohio-5620.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
)ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF LORAIN )
STATE OF OHIO C.A. No. 16CA010958
Appellee
v. APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
ENTERED IN THE
VICTOR C. BROOKS COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
COUNTY OF LORAIN, OHIO
Appellant CASE No. 13CR088209
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: June 30, 2017
CARR, Presiding Judge.
{¶1} Defendant-Appellant Victor C. Brooks appeals, pro se, from the judgment of the
Lorain County Court of Common Pleas. This Court affirms in part, and reverses in part.
I.
{¶2} In November 2013, Brooks was indicted on four counts of possession of drugs,
three involving cocaine and one involving marijuana, and two counts of trafficking in cocaine.
A supplemental indictment was filed adding an additional charge of trafficking in cocaine. The
matter proceeded to a jury trial. During the first day of trial, the State amended the indictment to
alter the dates involved in counts 1, 3, 4, and 6. Ultimately, the State dismissed count 3 of the
indictment and replaced it with count seven. Following deliberations, the jury found Brooks
guilty of counts 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 and not guilty of renumbered count 3 (original count 7). The
trial court sentenced Brooks to an aggregate term of 49 months in prison, ordered him to pay a
$5,000 fine, and suspended his driver’s license for 5 years.
2
{¶3} Brooks filed a motion for a delayed appeal, which this Court granted. Following
briefing, this Court granted Brooks’ motion to supplement the record with the sentencing hearing
transcript and allowed for additional briefing. To the extent Brooks has attached materials to his
brief that were not part of the trial court record, they are stricken. See Loc.R. 7(B)(10).
II.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT IMPOSED SENTENCES FOR
OFFENSES THAT AROSE FROM THE SAME CONDUCT, WERE NOT
COMMITTED SEPARATELY OR WITH SEPARATE ANIMUS, AND
SHOULD HAVE BEEN MERGED FOR SENTENCING PURPOSES UNDER
R.C. [] 2941.25.
{¶4} Brooks argues in his first assignment of error that the trial court erred in failing to
merge counts 1, 4, 5, and 6 as they are allied offenses of similar import.
{¶5} Brooks did not object during the sentencing hearing to the trial court’s failure to
inquire into the issue of whether the offenses were allied or its failure to merge those offenses.
Nonetheless, Brooks has argued plain error on appeal. “The failure to timely assert an allied
offenses objection limits appellate review of that issue to plain error.” State v. Allen, 9th Dist.
Summit No. 28213, 2017-Ohio-2831, ¶ 33. To demonstrate plain error, “an accused has the
burden to demonstrate a reasonable probability that the convictions are for allied offenses of
similar import committed with the same conduct and without a separate animus; absent that
showing, the accused cannot demonstrate the trial court’s failure to inquire whether the
convictions merge for purposes of sentencing was plain error.” State v. Rogers, 143 Ohio St. 3d
385, 2015-Ohio-2459, ¶ 3; see also State v. Ruff, 143 Ohio St. 3d 114, 2015-Ohio-995, paragraph
three of the syllabus (outlining when a defendant whose conduct supports multiple offenses may
be convicted of all of the offenses).
3
{¶6} Here, while the record does contain the sentencing hearing transcript, it does not
contain the trial transcript. The sentencing transcript does not contain a detailed discussion of
the facts of the case. As much of the factual record of this case was developed at the jury trial,
absent reviewing that transcript, we cannot properly evaluate whether the trial court erred in
failing to merge the offenses. “[T]he burden of ensuring that the record on appeal is complete is
placed on appellant.” State v. Keene, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 06CA008880, 2006-Ohio-6676, ¶ 22.
“This Court has consistently held that, where the appellant has failed to provide a complete
record to facilitate appellate review, we are compelled to presume regularity in the proceedings
below and affirm the trial court’s judgment.” State v. Farnsworth, 9th Dist. Medina No.
15CA0038-M, 2016-Ohio-7919, ¶ 16. Accordingly, based upon the record before us, we
overrule Brooks’ first assignment of error.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II
THE TRIAL COURT FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH THE MANDATORY
PROVISION OF AM. SUB.H.S. 86., GEN. ASSEM. (OHIO 2001) IN
CONJUNCTION WITH R.C. [] 2929.14(C) WHEN IMPOSING
CONSECUTIVE SENTENCES, RENDERED THE SENTENCE CONTRARY
TO LAW. (Sic.)
{¶7} Brooks argues in his second assignment of error that the trial court failed to make
the findings required by R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) at the sentencing hearing. Additionally, Brooks
asserts that the trial court’s reasoning is not supported by the record in that the trial court stated
that it relied on a presentence investigation report when no report was ever completed.
{¶8} “The Supreme Court of Ohio in State v. Bonnell held that, ‘[i]n order to impose
consecutive terms of imprisonment, a trial court is required to make the findings mandated by
R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) at the sentencing hearing and incorporate its findings into its sentencing
entry, but it has no obligation to state reasons to support its findings.’” State v. Redmyer, 9th
4
Dist. Medina No. 15CA0012-M, 2017-Ohio-572, ¶ 17, quoting Bonnell, 140 Ohio St. 3d 209,
2014-Ohio-3177, at syllabus.
{¶9} R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) states:
If multiple prison terms are imposed on an offender for convictions of multiple
offenses, the court may require the offender to serve the prison terms
consecutively if the court finds that the consecutive service is necessary to protect
the public from future crime or to punish the offender and that consecutive
sentences are not disproportionate to the seriousness of the offender’s conduct and
to the danger the offender poses to the public, and if the court also finds any of the
following:
(a) The offender committed one or more of the multiple offenses while the
offender was awaiting trial or sentencing, was under a sanction imposed pursuant
to section 2929.16, 2929.17, or 2929.18 of the Revised Code, or was under post-
release control for a prior offense.
(b) At least two of the multiple offenses were committed as part of one or more
courses of conduct, and the harm caused by two or more of the multiple offenses
so committed was so great or unusual that no single prison term for any of the
offenses committed as part of any of the courses of conduct adequately reflects
the seriousness of the offender’s conduct.
(c) The offender’s history of criminal conduct demonstrates that consecutive
sentences are necessary to protect the public from future crime by the offender.
{¶10} Here, at the sentencing hearing the trial court found that “consecutive sentences
are necessary to protect the public from future crimes or to punish you, and consecutive
sentences are not disproportionate to the seriousness of the Defendant’s conduct and the danger
the Defendant poses to the public.” Thus, the trial court made two of the three required findings.
See R.C. 2929.14(C)(4). However, the trial court did not make the additional finding required by
R.C. 2929.14(C)(4). The findings in the sentencing entry mirror the findings made at the
hearing. “When a trial court imposes consecutive sentences without making the R.C.
2929.14(C)(4) findings at the sentencing hearing, the remedy is to remand the matter for
resentencing.” State v. Williams, 9th Dist. Medina No. 14CA0072-M, 2015-Ohio-2197, ¶ 9.
Accordingly, Brooks’ second assignment of error is sustained and the matter is remanded for
5
resentencing. To the extent that Brooks has argued that the trial court improperly relied on a
presentence investigation report that was never actually completed in imposing consecutive
sentences, the trial court can address this issue at the resentencing hearing.1
{¶11} Brooks’ second assignment of error is sustained.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR III
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT WAS DEPRIVED OF A FAIR TRIAL DUE TO
JUDICIAL AND PROSECUTORIAL MISCONDUCT IN VIOLATION OF HIS
FIFTH, SIXTH, AND FOURTEENTH AMENDMENTS TO THE UNITED
STATES CONSTITUTION AND ARTICLE I, SECTIONS 10 AND 16 OF THE
OHIO CONSTITUTION.
{¶12} Brooks argues in his third assignment of error that he was deprived of a fair trial
due to judicial and prosecutorial misconduct. Brooks’ argument appears to be that prosecutorial
misconduct occurred with respect to the prosecution of count 7 (renumbered count 3) of the
indictment, which he alleges led to what he labels a “sham legal process[.]” He also appears to
assert that the trial court punished him at sentencing for taking the case to trial and for being
found not guilty of count 7 (renumbered count 3). Further, he maintains that the trial court
imposed a 5 year license suspension that was contrary to law.
{¶13} This Court has held that “[a] judgment may only be reversed for prosecutorial
misconduct when the improper conduct deprives the defendant of a fair trial. The defendant
must show that, but for the prosecutor’s misconduct, the trier of fact would not have convicted
him.” (Internal quotations and citations omitted.) State v. Moreland, 9th Dist. Summit
No.27910, 2016-Ohio-7588, ¶ 22. Here, Brooks was found not guilty of count 7 (renumbered
count 3). Accordingly, even assuming there was prosecutorial misconduct with respect to the
1
We note that Brooks moved to supplement the record with the presentence investigation
report, and we granted the motion. However, the Lorain County Adult Probation Department
responded that it did not complete a presentence investigation.
6
State’s prosecution of count 7, we fail to see how Brooks was prejudiced by it in light of the
acquittal on that count. Thus, Brooks cannot demonstrate he is entitled to a new trial. See id.
{¶14} Additionally, Brooks argues that the trial judge punished him more severely
because he took the matter to trial and because he was found not guilty of count 7 (renumbered
count 3).
{¶15} “To punish a person because he has done what the law plainly allows him to do is
a due process violation of the most basic sort * * *. There is no question, then, that a sentence
vindictively imposed on a defendant for exercising his constitutional right to a jury trial is
contrary to law.” (Internal quotations and citations omitted.) State v. Rahab, Slip Opinion No.
2017-Ohio-1401, ¶ 8. To determine if a trial court acted vindictively in sentencing a defendant,
“[w]e [] review the entire record-the trial court’s statements, the evidence adduced at trial, and
the information presented during the sentencing hearing-to determine whether there is evidence
of actual vindictiveness. We will reverse the sentence only if we clearly and convincingly find
the sentence is contrary to law because it was imposed as a result of actual vindictiveness on the
part of the trial court.” Id. at ¶ 19; see also id. at ¶ 34 (Hoover, J., concurring in part and
dissenting in part) (concurring with the foregoing quoted language).
{¶16} In the instant matter, the trial transcripts and any plea discussions that may have
taken place are not in this Court’s record on appeal. While the sentencing transcript is in the
record, nothing in it leads this Court to conclude that the trial court acted vindictively in
sentencing Brooks. Accordingly, in the absence of a complete record, we are required to
presume regularity and affirm the trial court’s judgment.” See Farnsworth, 2016-Ohio-7919, at ¶
16.
7
{¶17} With respect to Brooks’ contention that his 5 year license suspension was contrary
to law, we see no merit to his argument. The trial court imposed a 5 year license suspension on
count 1 for Brooks’ violation of R.C. 2925.11(A), a third degree felony. Former R.C.
2925.11(E)(2) provides that:
In addition to any prison term or jail term authorized or required by division (C)
of this section and sections 2929.13, 2929.14, 2929.22, 2929.24, and 2929.25 of
the Revised Code and in addition to any other sanction that is imposed for the
offense under this section, sections 2929.11 to 2929.18, or sections 2929.21 to
2929.28 of the Revised Code, the court that sentences an offender who is
convicted of or pleads guilty to a violation of division (A) of this section shall * *
* suspend for not less than six months or more than five years the offender’s
driver’s or commercial driver's license or permit.
{¶18} Thus, the 5 year license suspension the trial court imposed on count 1 was not
contrary to law. The sections cited by Brooks in his brief are not applicable to his case. See,
e.g., R.C. 4510.17 (authorizing the registrar of motor vehicles to impose a class D suspension
upon an Ohio resident based upon certain out of state violations).
{¶19} Given the foregoing, Brooks’ third assignment of error is overruled.
III.
{¶20} Brooks’ second assignment of error is sustained. His first and third assignments
of error are overruled. The judgment of the Lorain County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed
in part, reversed in part, and this matter is remanded for proceedings consistent with this opinion.
Judgment affirmed in part,
reversed in part,
and cause remanded.
There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
8
We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common
Pleas, County of Lorain, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy of
this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of
judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the
period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is
instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the
mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
Costs taxed equally to both parties.
DONNA J. CARR
FOR THE COURT
TEODOSIO, J.
CALLAHAN, J.
CONCUR.
APPEARANCES:
VICTOR C. BROOKS, pro se, Appellant.
DENNIS P. WILL, Prosecuting Attorney, and NATASHA RUIZ GUERRIERI, Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.