State v. Murphy , 2015 Ohio 5108 ( 2015 )

[Cite as State v. Murphy, 2015-Ohio-5108.]
COURT OF APPEALS
STARK COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO JUDGES:
Hon. W. William B. Hoffman, P.J.
Plaintiff-Appellee Hon. John W. Wise, J.
Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J.
-vs-
Case No. 2015CA00024
KYLE C. MURPHY
Defendant-Appellant OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Stark County Court of
Common Pleas, Case No. 2014CR0326
JUDGMENT: Affirmed, in part; and Vacated and Modified
in part; and Remanded for Resentencing
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: December 7, 2015
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant
JOHN D. FERRERO, JAMES L. BURDON
Prosecuting Attorney, 137 South Main Street
Stark County, Ohio Suite 201
Akron, Ohio 44308
By: KATHLEEN O. TATARSKY
Assistant Prosecuting Attorney
Appellate Section
110 Central Plaza, South – Suite 510
Canton, Ohio 44702-1413
Stark County, Case No. 2015CA00024 2
Hoffman, P.J.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Kyle C. Murphy appeals his convictions in the Stark
County Court of Common Pleas. Plaintiff-appellee is the state of Ohio.
STATEMENT OF THE FACTS AND CASE
{¶2} On February 11, 2014, Appellant resided with his girlfriend S.L. and her
eleven-month old daughter in a trailer. At approximately 12:00 A.M., S.L. put the child to
sleep. At approximately 1:00 to 2:00 A.M., S.L. went to bed. S.L. was awakened at 6:00
A.M. to the sound of the child crying. S.L. then entered the bathroom of the trailer and
found Appellant holding the child upside down in the shower under running water.
Appellant held the child with one leg in each hand under the water. He told S.L. the child
had diarrhea and he was washing her off. The child was changed into new pajamas and
a new diaper, calmed, and Appellant agreed to put her to bed. S.L. also went back to
bed.
{¶3} S.L. again awoke at 12:00 P.M. to the sound of the child crying. She then
found Appellant in the hallway of the trailer with the child in his arms. S.L. noticed the
child had different pajamas on, and her face looked as if it had been burned. Her eyes
were bloodshot and she had bruises all over her face. S.L. grabbed the child, and asked
Appellant what had happened. Appellant then made statements to the effect he wanted
to harm himself. Appellant had a knife, and continued making statements he wanted to
kill himself. S.L. texted a friend who was an EMT and worked for the Canton Township
Fire Department. S.L. proceeded to remove the child from the premises until the police
arrived.
Stark County, Case No. 2015CA00024 3
{¶4} Appellant was indicted by the Stark County Grand Jury on two counts of
Rape, in violation of R.C. 2907.02(A)(1)(b), and one count of Endangering Children, in
violation of R.C. 2919.22(B)(1)(E)(2)(D).
{¶5} On January 12, 2015, a jury trial commenced. The jury returned a verdict of
guilty to each of the three counts of the indictment.
{¶6} On January 20, 2015, the trial court imposed a sentence of life
imprisonment without the possibility of parole on both counts of Rape, and eight years on
the offense of Endangering Children. The sentences were ordered to be served
consecutively.
{¶7} Appellant appeals, assigning as error,
{¶8} “I. THE TRIAL COURT DENIED APPELLANT HIS CONSTITUTIONAL
RIGHTS TO DUE PROCESS AND A FAIR TRIAL, UNDER THE FOURTEENTH
AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES BY DENYING
APPELLANT’S MOTIONS FOR JUDGMENT OF ACQUITTAL WHEN THE EVIDENCE
WAS INSUFFICIENT TO PROVE ‘PENETRATION’ AN ESSENTIAL ELEMENT OF THE
OFFENSE OF RAPE CHARGED IN COUNT TWO OF THE INDICTMENT.
{¶9} “II. THE TRIAL COURT DENIED APPELLANT HIS CONSTITUTIONAL
RIGHT TO DUE PROCESS AND A FAIR TRIAL UNDER THE FOURTEENTH
AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES BY DENYING
APPELLANT’S MOTIONS FOR JUDGMENT OF ACQUITTAL WHEN THE EVIDENCE
WAS INSUFFICIENT TO PROVE THE FELLATIO, AN ESSENTIAL ELEMENT OF THE
CRIME OF RAPE AS CHARGED IN COUNT ONE OF THE INDICTMENT.
Stark County, Case No. 2015CA00024 4
{¶10} “III. THE TRIAL COURT DENIED APPELLANT’S CONSTITUTIONAL
RIGHT TO EFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL, DUE PROCESS AND A FAIR
TRIAL BY LIMITING COUNSEL’S ARGUMENT TO THE JURY ON REASONABLE
DOUBT.
{¶11} “IV. THE TRIAL COURT DENIED APPELLANT’S CONSTITUTIONAL
RIGHT TO DUE PROCESS AND A FAIR TRIAL UNDER THE FOURTEENTH
AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTIONAL [SIC] OF THE UNITED STATES BY DENY
[SIC] APPELLANT’S REQUEST FOR A CONTINUANCE OF THE TRIAL.”
I.
{¶12} In the first assignment of error, Appellant asserts his conviction for the
second count of rape in the indictment is not supported by the sufficiency of the evidence.
{¶13} A review of the sufficiency of the evidence and a review of the manifest
weight of the evidence are separate and legally distinct determinations. State v.
Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 387, 1997-Ohio-52, 678 N.E.2d 541, superseded by
constitutional amendment on other grounds as stated by State v. Smith, 80 Ohio St.3d
89, 1997-Ohio-355, 684 N.E.2d 668. “While the test for sufficiency requires a
determination of whether the State has met its burden of production at trial, a manifest
weight challenges questions whether the State has met its burden of persuasion.” State
v. Thompkins, supra at 78 Ohio St.3d 390.
{¶14} In order to determine whether the evidence before the trial court was
sufficient to sustain a conviction, this Court must review the evidence in a light most
favorable to the prosecution. State v. Jenks (1991), 61 Ohio St.3d 259, 574 N.E.2d 492Stark County, Case No. 2015CA00024 5
superseded by State constitutional amendment on other grounds as stated in State v.
Smith (1997), 80 Ohio St.3d 89, 684 N.E.2d 668.
{¶15} Specifically, an appellate court's function, when reviewing the sufficiency of
the evidence to support a criminal conviction, is to examine the evidence admitted at trial
to determine whether such evidence, if believed, would convince the average mind of the
defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. State v. Jenks, supra. This test raises a
question of law and does not allow the court to weigh the evidence. State v. Martin (1983),
20 Ohio App.3d 172, 175, 485 N.E.2d 717. The relevant inquiry is whether, after viewing
the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could
have found the essential elements of the crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt.” State
v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d at 386, 678 N.E.2d 541.
{¶16} In State v. Thompkins supra, the Ohio Supreme Court held “[t]o reverse a
judgment of a trial court on the basis that the judgment is not sustained by sufficient
evidence, only a concurring majority of a panel of a court of appeals reviewing the
judgment is necessary.” Id. at paragraph three of the syllabus. However, to “reverse a
judgment of a trial court on the weight of the evidence, when the judgment results from a
trial by jury, a unanimous concurrence of all three judges on the court of appeals panel
reviewing the case is required.” Id. at paragraph four of the syllabus; State v. Miller (2002),
96 Ohio St.3d 384, 2002-Ohio-4931 at ¶ 38, 775 N.E.2d 498.
{¶17} An appellate court reviews a denial of a Crim.R. 29 motion for acquittal
using the same standard used to review a sufficiency of the evidence claim. See State v.
Carter (1995), 72 Ohio St.3d 545, 553, 651 N.E.2d 965, 1995-Ohio-104. Thus, “[t]he
relevant inquiry is whether, after viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the
Stark County, Case No. 2015CA00024 6
prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime
proven beyond a reasonable doubt.” State v. Jenks (1991), 61 Ohio St.3d 259, 574 N.E.2d
492, paragraph two of the syllabus.”
{¶18} Appellant was convicted of Rape, in violation of R.C. 2907.02(A)(1)(b),
which reads,
(A)(1) No person shall engage in sexual conduct with another who is
not the spouse of the offender or who is the spouse of the offender but is
living separate and apart from the offender, when any of the following
applies:
***
(b) The other person is less than thirteen years of age, whether or
not the offender knows the age of the other person.
{¶19} R.C. 2907.01 sets forth the following definitions,
(A) “Sexual conduct” means vaginal intercourse between a male and
female; anal intercourse, fellatio, and cunnilingus between persons
regardless of sex; and, without privilege to do so, the insertion, however
slight, of any part of the body or any instrument, apparatus, or other object
into the vaginal or anal opening of another. Penetration, however slight, is
sufficient to complete vaginal or anal intercourse.
(B) “Sexual contact” means any touching of an erogenous zone of
another, including without limitation the thigh, genitals, buttock, pubic
region, or, if the person is a female, a breast, for the purpose of sexually
arousing or gratifying either person.
Stark County, Case No. 2015CA00024 7
(C) “Sexual activity” means sexual conduct or sexual contact, or
both.
{¶20} Dr. Richard Steiner, D.O. of Akron Children’s Hospital who treated the child
herein, testified at trial,
Q. And what is it?
A. This is a picture that was taken of A.’s bottom, her anogenital area,
and what it reveals - - I lost my stylus here. What it reveals is a [sic] area
of laceration in that - - on the perineum, which is the area between the anus
and the vulva, the genitals, and it’s a laceration of the tissues in that area.
Q. And is that how that injury appeared on February 12th of 2014?
A. Correct. That was noted in the emergency room at Aultman, and
was one of the deciding factors in having her transferred to our facility.
Q. And, again, this may be an obvious question, but would this injury
be significantly painful?
A. Oh, yes. Yeah. It’s a very sensitive area and it’s a significant
laceration.
Q. What types of things cause this type of injury?
A. These injuries are the result of a force blunt trauma to the - - to
that area, to the perineum, to the anogenital region. That blunt trauma
causes a separation, a tearing of the tissues.
Q. Was A. tested for any sexually transmitted diseases?
A. Yes.
Q. And why is that?
Stark County, Case No. 2015CA00024 8
A. We have injuries to two areas of the body that are often targeted
with sexual activities, sexual acts. We have the mouth that demonstrates
clear penetrating trauma to the oropharynx, to the mouth that is deep into
the throat, that was forced. We also have trauma to the genitalia. That was
blunt force trauma to the genitalia. Those two injuries, as I mentioned, are
often seen as a result of sexual activity with young children. And so it was
our suspicion that there may have been - - that these injuries may have
been the result of sexual activity, and so sexually transmitted diseases were
tested for and treated for.
Q. Thank you.
***
Q. Thank you.
And, doctor, again, and still based upon your training and experience
and your evaluation of A., to a reasonable degree of medical certainty, are
her injuries consistent with a child who has been sexually abused?
A. Yes, her injuries are consistent with sexual abuse. As I
mentioned before, we have injuries to areas of the body that are injured with
penetrating trauma to those areas, penetrating trauma to the mouth, and
penetrating trauma - - blunt penetrating trauma to the genitalia. And so
these areas - - or the injuries are certainly consistent with sexual abuse.
***
Q. And you also said it spared the perianal tissues in the vaginal
introitus. Do you remember using those words?
Stark County, Case No. 2015CA00024 9
A. Yes.
Q. Spare means did not affect, right?
A. Pardon me?
Q. Spare means did not affect, did not injure?
A. Right.
Q. And the perianal tissue, that would be - - peri meaning the
outside?
A. The surrounding.
Q. The surrounding area. And vaginal introitus means – introitus is
the entrance, correct?
A. Correct.
Q. So what that means is that no injuries found to the inside areas of
the anal cavity or of the vaginal entrance, correct?
A. Correct.
Q. If I can go a little bit further, you wrote there was no bruising of the
labia, clitoris or urethra. Could you tell us what that means please?
A. Well, the labia, the clitoris and the urethra are tissues of the
genitalia. The labia are the lips of the genitalia, the external folds. The
clitoris and the urethra are structures that are internal between the labia.
And then the introitus, the entrance of the vestibule of the vagina.
Q. So, in short, you’re describing the vaginal area and saying there
was no bruising? Excuse me.
A. Correct.
Stark County, Case No. 2015CA00024 10
Q. And then you also wrote, the posterior fourchette and the fossa
navicularis was free of lacerations or scars. What do you mean by that?
A. Well, that is - - that is - - those are other structures within the
introitus of the genitalia.
Q. The entrance, correct?
A. Correct.
Q. All right. And what that means is now we know there’s no bruising,
and this sentence means there’s no laceration or scars?
A. Correct.
Q. And scars would imply a healed wound of some kind?
A. Correct.
Q. Then you say, the hymen was annular with a smooth margin.
What does that mean?
A. That was the - - that’s a description of the anatomy of the hymen
itself. Annular means that it was completely surrounding the vaginal canal.
And smooth - - smooth border, is that what I said?
Q. Smooth margin.
A. Smooth margin would be that it was smooth. I mean the free
margin of the hymen was smooth without any irregularities.
Q. So that means there was no bruising, there was no scars, there
was no lacerations, and it was smooth.
A. Correct.
Stark County, Case No. 2015CA00024 11
Q. And next you said, there were no attenuations bruising or
transections. And you said bruising, but what is attenuations and
transections?
A. It means there’s no separation or trauma to the hymenal tissue
itself.
Q. And then you say there was an ample posterior dimension to the
hymen. What does that mean?
A. The area of the hymen that’s most commonly injured with sexual
intercourse is the posterior dimension, the posterior region of the hymen,
and oftentimes that area is narrowed as a result of trauma, repeated trauma.
And in this case it was not, there was an ample dimension.
Q. Which is opposite to the most common finding in cases of sexual
entrance, correct?
A. Correct.
Q. And then you said there was no vaginal discharge noted within
the introitus. What do you mean by that?
A. That there was not any discharge or not any fluid coming from the
vagina that I could see.
Q. And then you said that the sphincter tone was normal. What does
that mean?
A. That’s of the anus. There’s - - the anus was closed, the muscles
were sufficiently tightened.
Stark County, Case No. 2015CA00024 12
Q. And, finally, you said there was no bleeding from the anal opening.
What does that mean?
A. There’s no blood coming from the anus.
Q. So, in short, what you found is there was no - - there was
absolutely no findings of injury, bruising, or healing of any previous injuries
to either the anal area or to the vaginal area of the child.
A. Correct.
***
Q. And since there was trauma in other places of the body, why
couldn’t this just be nonsexual trauma?
A. Because it is in the anogenital region. It is an area that is - - in
order to get to it you have to separate the legs, you have to pull the legs
apart, expose the anogenital region so that the traumatic force is focused
on that specific area. There’s no other way for that area to be injured. So
it’s completely - - it’s a - - it’s a completely different type of mechanism and
exposure to have that area injured.
Q. Now when you say there is no other way to have that area injured,
did you mean that?
A. There’s no other way for that area to be injured than to have the
legs spread apart and the trauma directed to that specific area.
Q. But that does not mean that it cannot be injured in a way which
would not include sex; isn’t that correct?
Stark County, Case No. 2015CA00024 13
A. That area is injured in a straddle injury. When a leg - - when a
child is running, straddles something, and their - - of course their legs have
to be spread apart, and that area is the target of the trauma.
A. was 11 months old, A. also had no history of any straddle or
straddle injury. So eliminating that in the plausibility of her developmental
accomplishments, to have a straddle injury, that’s the only mechanism that
would have caused that injury.
Tr. at 372-397.
{¶21} On redirect, Dr. Steiner opined,
Q. Thank you.
You were also asked about notes in your record that indicated that
there were some vaginal or anal tissues that were spared. You were asked
questions about the hymen.
The absence of bruising, the absence of injuries to those specific
areas, does that change your opinion that A.’s injuries were consistent with
sexual abuse?
A. No, that didn’t change my opinion. I used that at the time to make
my diagnosis that the trauma was to the perineum, was targeting the
perianal - - or was targeting the anogenital area. It just happened not to
injure the anus or the introitus vaginal area of her genitalia.
Q. So it injured the - - it injured the somewhat larger space between
the vagina and the anus?
A. Correct.
Stark County, Case No. 2015CA00024 14
Tr. at 421-422.
{¶22} Upon review of the evidence presented, we find the evidence insufficient to
prove the essential element of penetration.
{¶23} Dr. Steiner testifies to a blunt force trauma to the vaginal area, similar to a
straddle injury. While the evidence demonstrates injury, including tearing and laceration
to the anogenital region, the testimony concludes the same is caused by blunt force
trauma. It does not demonstrate penetration, even slight, of the vagina or anus.
{¶24} While we recognize the law requires only slight penetration, we find the
evidence herein insufficient to demonstrate even slight penetration. However, we find the
evidence was sufficient to prove attempted vaginal and/or anal rape. See State v. Lee,
10th Dist. Franklin County 03 AP-436, 2004-Ohio-5540, citing State v. Wells (2001), 91
Ohio St.3d, 32, 35.
{¶25} Appellant’s first assignment of error is sustained. We vacate Appellant’s
conviction on one count of rape and modify the judgment entered by the trial court to
reflect a verdict of guilty on the lesser included offense of attempted rape. Because
attempted rape is a lesser offense, we remand the matter to the trial court for resentencing
on Count Two as attempted rape.
II.
{¶26} In the second assignment of error, Appellant maintains his conviction on the
first count of Rape [fellatio] is not supported by the sufficiency of the evidence.
{¶27} Again, at trial herein Dr. Steiner testified,
Stark County, Case No. 2015CA00024 15
When we see that on x-ray, that tells us that there’s a wound that
allows the communication between the outside air and those tissues. That’s
the only way air can get in there.
Normally the lining of the esophagus, the airway, and so on, keeps
air out and bacteria and everything else - - keeps air and bacteria out of
those tissues and so you don’t see it. But when there’s a connection, a
wound, a laceration, air is allowed to get into those spaces and you see it
on x-ray.
And so this is a very significant finding on x-ray indicating that there’s
been a serious injury to the interior part of the body. I mean, this is clear
back in the throat. You can hardly reach it with your finger. And to have air
in that space is a - - is a big deal. It’s not supposed to be there and you got
to figure out where it’s coming from, why it’s there, and then treat the
potential side effects of that. And if there’s air there, there’s bacteria and
other garbage that got in there that shouldn’t be.
***
One of the most common causes of this finding on x-ray, one of the
most traumatic events, is a child running around with a pencil in their mouth,
they trip, they fall, the pencil then shoves into the back of their throat. That
causes the tear that allows the air to come in, and we see this finding in that
situation. I’ve had pencils, pens, had a toothbrush once that was actually -
- when I was in the emergency room, actually the child came in with the
Stark County, Case No. 2015CA00024 16
toothbrush still in there. And all of that - - those injuries gave us this kind of
finding on x-ray.
It’s a serious injury because there’s a lot of vital tissues back in there
and if that gets infected the infection can spread down into the chest as well
as up into the base of the skull. So this is a big deal when you find it, it’s a
serious injury. And it’s a result of a penetrating injury into the mouth, into
the deep areas of the mouth.
***
A. We have injuries to two areas of the body that are often targeted
with sexual activities, sexual acts. We have the mouth that demonstrates
clear penetrating trauma to the oropharynx, to the mouth that is deep into
the throat that was forced. We also have trauma to the genitalia. That was
blunt force trauma to the genitalia. Those two injuries, as I mentioned, are
often seen as a result of sexual activity with young children. And so it was
our suspicion that there may have been - - that these injuries may have
been the result of sexual activity, and so sexually transmitted diseases were
tested for and treated for.
Tr. at 368-373.
{¶28} Dr. Steiner also testified to the significant bruising to the child’s head and
face, and testified the areas were not likely the result of an accident. Tr. at 358. He
testified there was bruising behind the ears, which would not be the result of a defined
accident of a child being hung upside down. Tr. at 359-360. He further testified to the
injuries being to both sides of the head and to symmetrical locations. Tr. at 360.
Stark County, Case No. 2015CA00024 17
{¶29} Dr. Steiner further testified to the injury around the child’s mouth and lips.
He testified the abrasions were similar to a rug burn, and were the result of friction, or
traumatic rubbing of the surface of the skin, abrading the area, rubbing away the surface
of the skin down to the middle layers of the basal layers of the skin itself. Tr. at 363-364.
Specifically, he opined,
Q. And what would cause an injury like this?
A. Well, a - - again, this is rather symmetric, distributed fairly evenly
around the entire mouth, and so there would have been something that
abraded or penetrated into the mouth against her resistance to keep that
object out of her mouth. It - - oh, you took the picture down.
Q. I’m sorry.
A. I’m sorry.
Q. Sorry about that.
A. So she was resisting something that was entering into her mouth
with her lips tight, her mouth tightly closed, but something was being forced
into her mouth.
Q. Thank you.
Tr. at 364.
{¶30} Based upon the evidence noted supra, the evidence pertaining to the
trauma to A.’s anogenital region noted supra and the entire record regarding Appellant’s
reactions and statements, we find Appellant’s conviction for Rape, Fellatio, in violation of
R.C. 2907.02(A)(1)(b) is supported by the sufficiency of the evidence.
{¶31} The second assignment of error is overruled.
Stark County, Case No. 2015CA00024 18
III.
{¶32} In the third assignment of error, Appellant maintains he was denied the
effective assistance of counsel as the trial court limited counsel’s argument to the jury on
reasonable doubt.
{¶33} A claim of ineffective assistance of counsel requires a two-prong analysis.
Appellant must demonstrate counsel’s performance fell below an objective standard of
reasonable representation involving a substantial violation of any defense counsel’s
essential duties, and Appellant must demonstrate he was prejudiced by counsel’s
ineffectiveness. Strickland v. Washington, 466 US 668, 104 S.Ct 2052 (1984); State v.
Bradley, 42 Ohio St.3d 136 (1989).
{¶34} Upon review of the assigned error, we find Appellant has not demonstrated
prejudice. But for the alleged error, the outcome of the trial would not have been
otherwise.
{¶35} The third assignment of error is overruled.
IV.
{¶36} In the fourth assigned error, Appellant asserts he was denied the right to a
fair trial by the trial court’s denial of his motion for continuance of the trial date.
{¶37} Upon review of the procedural history of the case, we find the trial court did
not abuse its discretion in denying Appellant’s motion to continue the trial date herein.
{¶38} Appellant’s fourth assignment of error is overruled.
{¶39} Accordingly, Appellant’s conviction in the Stark County Court of Common
Pleas on one count of Rape, in violation of R.C. 2907.02(A)(1)(b) is reversed, and his
conviction on one count of Rape, Fellatio, in violation of R.C. 2907.02(A)(1)(b) is affirmed.
Stark County, Case No. 2015CA00024 19
The verdict is modified to reflect a verdict of guilty on one count of Attempted Rape, and
the matter is remanded for resentencing.
By: Hoffman, P.J.
Wise, J. and
Baldwin, J. concur