State v. Payne , 2015 Ohio 5073 ( 2015 )

[Cite as State v. Payne, 2015-Ohio-5073.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
ELEVENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
ASHTABULA COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO, : OPINION
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
CASE NO. 2015-A-0007
- vs - :
PAMELA M. PAYNE, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
Criminal Appeal from the Ashtabula County Court of Common Pleas.
Case No. 2013 CR 674.
Judgment: Affirmed.
Nicholas A. Iarocci, Ashtabula County Prosecutor, and Shelley M. Pratt, Assistant
Prosecutor, Ashtabula County Courthouse, 25 West Jefferson Street, Jefferson, OH
44047-1092 (For Plaintiff-Appellee).
Anna Markovich, 18975 Villaview Road, Suite 3, Cleveland, OH 44119 (For Defendant-
Appellant).
TIMOTHY P. CANNON, P.J.
{¶1} Appellant, Pamela M. Payne, appeals the December 30, 2014 judgment
entry issued by the Ashtabula County Court of Common Pleas finding her in violation of
the conditions of her community control and sentencing her to thirty-six months in
prison. For the reasons that follow, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.
{¶2} On December 19, 2013, Payne was charged with one count of Illegal
Assembly or Possession of Chemicals for the Manufacture of Drugs, a felony of the
third degree, in violation of R.C. 2925.041(A) and one count of Complicity to Illegal
Manufacture of Drugs, a felony of the first degree, in violation of R.C. 2923.03. On
August 22, 2014, Payne entered into a plea agreement and pled guilty to Count One.
Count Two was dismissed.
{¶3} Appellant was sentenced to two years of community control under
intensive supervision of the Probation Department of the Ashtabula County Common
Pleas Court and was required to complete the six-month NEOCAP program.
{¶4} Appellant entered NEOCAP on December 9, 2014, but was discharged
from the program and returned to jail on December 15, 2014. According to the
termination report, appellant’s “disruptive, threatening, erratic, and unpredictable
behavior makes it clear that she has no intentions on following her treatment plan or
adhering to the structure and rules of [the] program.” The letter noted that on December
10, 2014, appellant was instructed to get out of bed but responded with a disruptive
outburst demanding she be evaluated by a psychiatrist; she threatened to kill herself if
her demands were not met. This outburst disrupted the treatment facility and other
residents from their treatment work.
{¶5} The letter continued outlining the efforts made to ensure appellant’s needs
were met. On December 14, 2014, appellant had another disruptive episode whereby
she again made demands to be removed from the program and explained a list of ways
that she would kill herself if such demands were not met. This episode continued and
appellant was transported to a local hospital for a psychiatric evaluation. Hospital
records indicated that appellant appeared to be malingering. They reflect that appellant
at one point stated: “Can you guys just keep me here for a few days so I don’t have to
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go back there?” She was released by the hospital that same evening with a
recommendation that NEOCAP continue appellant’s suicide watch protocol. She was
negatively terminated from the facility as of December 15, 2014.
{¶6} The trial court stated: “Under the circumstances, the court finds she has
failed to comply with the requirements of community control and that the state has
proved this by substantial credible evidence and, therefore, I find the defendant guilty of
violating the probation in this case.” Consequently, appellant was sentenced to a term
of 36 months in prison.
{¶7} Appellant raises the following assignments of error:
[1]. The trial court abused its discretion by revoking appellant’s
community control sanctions.
[2.] The trial court abused [its] discretion and denied appellant’s due
process by overruling appellant’s motion for a mental health
evaluation.
[3.] The trial court erred by imposing a thirty-six-month prison
sentence as a penalty for appellant’s violation of her community
control sanctions.
[4.] Appellant was denied due process of law when the trial court
sentenced appellant for the violation of community control
sanctions without, first, allowing her right of allocution.
{¶8} Appellant’s first and second assigned error concern the revocation of her
community control, and therefore, we address them under a consolidated analysis.
{¶9} Generally, the decision to revoke community control is evaluated under an
abuse of discretion standard. State v. Russell, 11th Dist. Lake No. 2008-L-142, 2009-
Ohio-3147, ¶6. In Russell, this court recognized:
‘The privilege of probation [or community control] rests upon the
probationer’s compliance with the probation conditions and any
violation of those conditions may properly be used to revoke the
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privilege.’ * * * ‘Because a revocation hearing is not a criminal trial,
the State only has to introduce evidence showing that it was more
probable than not that the person on probation or community
control violated the terms or conditions of the same.’ * * *
Id. at ¶7 (citations omitted).
{¶10} Crim.R. 32.3 provides the procedural framework that is to occur at a
community control revocation hearing and provides, in pertinent part: “(A) Hearing. The
court shall not impose a prison term for violation of the conditions of a community
control sanction or revoke probation except after a hearing at which the defendant shall
be present and apprised of the grounds on which action is proposed. The defendant
may be admitted to bail pending hearing.”
{¶11} “‘Before a trial court imposes a prison term for a violation of the conditions
of a community-control sanction, the court must hold a hearing at which the defendant is
present and apprised of the grounds for the violation.’” State v. Orr, 11th Dist. Geauga
No. 2008-G-2861, 2009-Ohio-5515, ¶22, quoting State v. Alexander, 1st Dist. Hamilton
No. C-070021, 2007-Ohio-5457, ¶8.
Generally the state is not required to show that a probation violation
is willful. * * * (‘[t]here is nothing in Crim.R. 32.3 * * * that mandates
that the state must introduce evidence showing that the probation
violation was willful’)’ * * * (‘[t]here is no requirement that the state
prove willfulness before the court can revoke a defendant’s
community control’).
State v. Conn, 11th Dist. Portage No. 2010-P-0067, 2011-Ohio-5865, ¶18 (citations
omitted).
{¶12} First, contrary to appellant’s assertion, the state was not required to
present evidence that appellant willfully violated the terms of her community control.
And, further, the state was not required to prove by a preponderance of the evidence
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that appellant violated the conditions of her community control sanction. Instead, the
state must present evidence that it is more probable than not that appellant violated the
terms of her community control. Russell, supra, ¶7.
{¶13} At the revocation hearing, the state presented the testimony of Mr. David
Gugliemlo of the Ashtabula County Adult Probation Department who was assigned to
supervise appellant’s community control. Mr. Gugliemlo testified that he met with
appellant at the Ashtabula County Jail to outline the conditions of her supervision; she
understood the conditions and did not “act out” during his visit. At NEOCAP, however,
appellant began to engage in disruptive behavior, including threats of suicide if her
demands were not met. Appellant was sent to be evaluated at the hospital but was
discharged to NEOCAP the same night because the hospital believed she was
malingering; appellant asked her assessor at the hospital if she could be kept there for a
few days so she would not have to return to NEOCAP. Appellant was diagnosed with
depression and was placed on suicide watch, as it was believed that she was
determined to be released from the program. Upon her release from NEOCAP and
return to jail, Mr. Gugliemlo again evaluated her. He testified that she was again
cooperative and “gave [him] no problems.”
{¶14} Appellant also claims she was denied her due process rights at the
community control revocation hearing. Specifically, appellant maintains the trial court
erred by denying her motion for a mental health evaluation, and thus, she was not able
to present mitigating evidence. Appellant cites Morrissey v. Brewer, 408 U.S. 471
(1972), for the proposition that several safeguards needed to be complied with in this
matter. These rights have been extended to probation or community control revocation
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hearings. See State v. Heinbach, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 67821, 1995 Ohio App.
LEXIS 3792, *4 (Aug. 31, 1995).
{¶15} Appellant’s motion claimed that she violated community control because
the state disrupted her course of mental health treatment. The record demonstrates the
trial court was cognizant of appellant’s mental health issues prior to revoking her
community control; appellant plead guilty to an offense which carried a presumption of
imprisonment, but the trial court sentenced appellant to community control sanction,
including her placement in NEOCAP, upon the recommendations of counsel and
appellant’s desire for drug treatment. The NEOCAP discharge letter, admitted into
evidence at the revocation hearing, was replete with instances where appellant was
disruptive and not willing to engage in treatment. The trial court also heard testimony
that appellant was not combative prior to or immediately after her discharge from
NEOCAP. It was evident from the record that while appellant may have had mental
health issues, she was combative and noncompliant with her treatment at NEOCAP
and, therefore, unable to complete this term of her supervision, i.e., the attendance and
successful completion of the NEOCAP Community Based Correction Facility Program.
The denial of the motion for a mental examination under these circumstances does not
undermine the process that one is due under the Constitution or the laws of Ohio.
{¶16} Appellant’s first and second assignments of error are without merit.
{¶17} Under her third assignment of error, appellant presents two issues for our
review. We first address appellant’s argument the trial court failed to comply with the
R.C. 2929.19(B)[4] notification requirements prior to imposing her 36-month sentence.
{¶18} R.C. 2929.19(B)(4) states:
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If the sentencing court determines at the sentencing hearing that a
community control sanction should be imposed and the court is not
prohibited from imposing a community control sanction, the court
shall impose a community control sanction. The court shall notify
the offender that, if the conditions of the sanction are violated, if the
offender commits a violation of any law, or if the offender leaves
this state without the permission of the court or the offender’s
probation officer, the court may impose a longer time under the
same sanction, may impose a more restrictive sanction, or may
impose a prison term on the offender and shall indicate the specific
prison term that may be imposed as a sanction for the violation, as
selected by the court from the range of prison terms for the offense
pursuant to section 2929.14 of the Revised Code.
{¶19} In State v. Brooks, 103 Ohio St. 3d 134, 2004-Ohio-4746, paragraph two of
the syllabus, the Ohio Supreme Court held that pursuant to the language from R.C.
2929.19(B)(4) (then 2929.19(B)(5)), “a trial court sentencing an offender to a community
control sanction must, at the time of the sentencing, notify the offender of the specific
prison term that may be imposed for a violation of the conditions of the sanction, as a
prerequisite to imposing a prison term on the offender for a subsequent violation.”
{¶20} At the sentencing hearing, the trial court informed appellant that she would
be placed on an initial period of intensive supervision for two years. The trial court then
outlined the terms and conditions of the supervision and informed appellant that she
would be required to “comply with all the standard terms and conditions of supervision
[and] remain law abiding.” The trial court proceeded to inform appellant that she would
be “entitled to seven days jail time credit if there [was] a sentence imposed” and finally
stated, “[a]nd if there is a sentence imposed on this particular situation, it is going to be
a sentence of 36 months imprisonment.” The sentence set forth by the trial court was “a
prison term of 36 months” in the judgment entry of sentence.
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{¶21} Appellant asserts the trial court erred by failing to elucidate that
imprisonment would only result if she violated the terms of her supervision. In effect,
she maintains the court failed to provide an exact statement that she could be
sentenced to prison only if a violation occurred. We find appellant’s construction of the
trial court’s explanation unreasonable.
{¶22} The trial court stated: “If there was a sentence imposed in this particular
situation, it will be a sentence of 36 months.” The trial court explained, and appellant
was on notice, that she was being placed on intense supervision; by necessary
implication, she was on notice she was not being sent directly to prison. The trial court
made clear there were terms and conditions with which she must comply. Viewing the
overall context of appellant’s sentence, the trial court’s statement indicates her intense
supervision was conditional and not absolute, i.e., it would persist only insofar as
appellant complied with those terms and conditions. The record reflects she was given
adequate and appropriate notice of those terms and conditions, including the meeting
with the representative from the adult probation department. Hence, the only
reasonable conclusion that can be drawn from the court’s express statement is that a
prison sentence would be imposed only if appellant violated the conditions of her
supervision. The court’s failure to include the statement, “if you violate the conditions, a
sentence will be imposed,” is inconsequential as the surrounding circumstances of the
advisement placed appellant on reasonable notice that a violation would result in the
suspended prison sentence being imposed.
{¶23} Crim.R. 52(A) provides: “[a]ny error, defect, irregularity, or variance which
does not affect substantial rights shall be disregarded.” The term “substantial rights”
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has been interpreted to require that “‘the error must have been prejudicial.’” State v.
Fisher, 99 Ohio St. 3d 127, 2003-Ohio-2761, ¶7, quoting United States v. Olano, 507
U.S. 725, 734 (1993) (emphasis sic). Accordingly, where the reviewing court
determines that the alleged error “did not affect the defendant’s substantial rights,” i.e.
was not prejudicial, “then the error is harmless and ‘shall be discarded.’” State v.
Morris, 141 Ohio St. 3d 399, 2014-Ohio-5052, ¶23, quoting Crim.R. 52(A).
{¶24} In this case, the trial court did not specifically advise appellant that
imprisonment could be imposed if she violates conditions of her community control,
violates any law, or leaves this state without permission as required by R.C.
2929.19(B)(4); as discussed above, however, the term “violation” was not necessary as
it was implicit in the court’s advisements. Furthermore, the court did state appellant was
required to comply with conditions of community control and remain law abiding.
Appellant was committed to NEOCAP in lieu of prison. And appellant was given notice
that her failure to comply with NEOCAP’s regulations, i.e., conditions of her community
control, would result in her intense supervision being terminated. Furthermore, there
was no possibility of her leaving the treatment center, let alone the state. In effect,
appellant suffered no prejudice from the court’s failure to provide notice that if she left
the state, she would be in violation. Accordingly, her substantial rights were not
affected. We conclude any error in the court’s omission was harmless as a matter of
law.
{¶25} Next, we address appellant’s contention that her 36-month term of
imprisonment does not comport with R.C. 2929.11 and R.C. 2929.12. We disagree.
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{¶26} A felony sentence should be reasonably calculated “to protect the public
from future crime by the offender and others and to punish the offender using the
minimum sanctions that the court determines accomplish those purposes without
imposing an unnecessary burden on state or local government resources.” R.C.
2929.11(A). A court imposing a felony sentence is required to consider seriousness
and recidivism factors found in R.C. 2929.12. However, it is well established that a trial
court is “not required to make findings of fact under the seriousness and recidivism
factors in R.C. 2929.12.” State v. ONeil, 11th Dist. Portage No. 2010-P-0041, 2011-
Ohio-2202, ¶34.
{¶27} Our review of the trial court record reveals the trial court considered the
purposes and factors of felony sentencing in R.C. 2929.11 and R.C. 2929.12 before
imposing appellant’s sentence within the statutory guidelines. The trial court, both at
sentencing and in the judgment of sentence, stated that it had considered the factors in
R.C. 2929.11 and R.C. 2929.12.
{¶28} Appellant’s third assignment of error is without merit.
{¶29} Under the fourth assignment of error, appellant argues she was not
afforded her right to allocution, pursuant to Crim.R. 32, at the community control
revocation hearing.
{¶30} The right of allocution is provided in Crim.R. 32(A)(1), which states that
“[a]t the time of imposing sentence, the court shall * * * [a]fford counsel an opportunity to
speak on behalf of the defendant and address the defendant personally and ask if he or
she wishes to make a statement in his or her own behalf or present any information in
mitigation of punishment.”
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{¶31} “The purpose of allocution is to allow the defendant an additional
opportunity to state any further information which the judge may take into consideration
when determining the sentence to be imposed.” Defiance v. Cannon, 70 Ohio App. 3d
821, 828 (3d Dist.1990).
{¶32} Appellant recognizes that in State v. Gibson, 11th Dist. Portage No. 2013-
P-0047, 2014-Ohio-433, this court found “there is no right of allocution at a probation
revocation hearing.” Id. at ¶40. Appellant, however, argues that Gibson is not
applicable to the case sub judice as there is a distinction between community control
and probation. This argument is without merit. This court has noted that “probation is
analogous to community control sanctions now in effect pursuant to * * * (‘Senate Bill
2’).” State v. Davis, 11th Dist. Lake No. 97-L-133, 1998 Ohio App. LEXIS 2933, *3
(June 26, 1998).
{¶33} Other appellate districts have addressed whether a trial court needs to
afford the defendant the right of allocution before reinstating a sentence at a community
control revocation hearing. As this court recognized in Gibson, “[a] sentence is imposed
at sentencing, but when community control is modified or revoked no new sentence is
imposed on the defendant; rather the defendant’s probation is either modified or the
defendant’s sentence is reinstated.” Gibson, supra, at ¶44 (emphasis sic). See also
State v. Boykins, 3d Dist. Marion No. 9-14-28, 2015-Ohio-1341, ¶32 (“there is no
requirement for the right of allocution at a community-control-revocation hearing”); State
v. Krouskoupf, 5th Dist. Muskingum No. CT2005-0024, 2006-Ohio-783, ¶15 (“The trial
court was conducting a [community control] revocation hearing. There are no
equivalent statutes or rules [as in Crim.R. 32(A)(1)] for such hearings.”); State v. Favors,
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7th Dist. Mahoning No. 08-MA-35, 2008-Ohio-6361, ¶19 (“[i]n a case such as this,
where community control has been revoked and the trial court is simply reinstating an
already determined sentence, there is no need for the defendant to be afforded the right
to make a statement in mitigation of his sentence.). But see State v. McAfee, 1st Dist.
Hamilton No. C-130567, 2014-Ohio-1639, ¶14. (“the trial court, in sentencing McAfee
for his community-control violation, was required to address him personally and to afford
him his statutory right to speak concerning matters relevant to his sentence”).
{¶34} Here, as in Gibson, Krouskoupf, and Favors, appellant’s community
control had been revoked and the trial court imposed her already determined sentence;
appellant had been informed at the sentencing hearing that she would serve a term of
36 months in prison if she did not comply with the terms of community control. At the
revocation hearing, there was no modification of appellant’s original sentence.
Moreover, appellant was afforded her right to allocution at the time of her original
sentence hearing. Under the circumstances, the trial court did not err in failing to give
appellant the opportunity to speak at her community control revocation hearing.
{¶35} Appellant’s fourth assignment of error is without merit.
{¶36} Based on the opinion of this court, the judgment of the Ashtabula County
Court of Common Pleas is hereby affirmed.
CYNTHIA WESTCOTT RICE, J., concurs,
DIANE V. GRENDELL, J., concurs with a Concurring Opinion.
____________________
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DIANE V. GRENDELL, J., concurs with a Concurring Opinion.
{¶37} I concur in the judgment of the court and its disposition of the assignments
of error. I write separately to explain more fully my reasons for doing so.
{¶38} There is no dispute that Payne violated the condition of her community
control sanctions that she “successfully complete the six month NEOCAP Program.”
Payne entered the program on December 9, 2015, and “was negatively terminated from
the program on December 15, 2015, for engaging in behavior that undermined the
intent and purpose of the program.” Thus, the decision whether to terminate Payne’s
community control sanctions was wholly within the trial court’s discretion. State v.
Conn, 11th Dist. Portage No. 2010-P-0067, 2011-Ohio-5865, ¶ 13.
{¶39} Payne maintains that the violation was not willful, but, rather, she “was
unable to complete NEOCAP because her mental health was untreated and because
NEOCAP was unable to address her mental health needs.” Although there was some
evidence to support Payne’s claims, the trial court acted within its discretion regardless
of the validity of those claims.
{¶40} At the beginning of the hearing for violation of community control, the
parties stipulated to Payne’s discharge report from NEOCAP and that “the defendant
was prescribed Lamictal from Signature Health but that NEOCAP was still waiting for
Signature Health to refill that prescription so she did not have that medication while she
was at NEOCAP.”
{¶41} The only witness to testify at the hearing was Payne’s probation officer,
who began supervision of her on October 29, 2014. The officer described her as
“cooperative, * * * no problems.” She signed “a few releases during that time to
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Signature Health and our general release.” On cross-examination, the officer testified
that he remembered “hearing” that Payne tried to kill herself at the jail: “At that time she
was I believe assessed by the nurse and we did not address – she was awaiting a bed
at NEOCAP. There was nothing further that I did. * * * It was my understanding that
she was on her medications at that time.” The officer also acknowledged that Payne
was diagnosed bipolar.
{¶42} The NEOCAP report details Payne’s six days in the program. Of note,
she threatened to kill herself if her demands were not met. She was sent to the hospital
which noted that she appeared to be malingering “as she expressed to the assessor
during her mental health evaluation, ‘Can you guys just keep me here for a few days so
I don’t have to go back there (NEOCAP).’” She was released from the hospital the
same day with a diagnosis of depression and a recommendation that she remain on
suicide watch “as she appeared to be determined to get out of the program * * *.”
{¶43} “The purpose of the revocation process is to protect the public either by
further attempted rehabilitation, or by revocation.” State v. Hutchison, 63 Ohio App. 3d
721, 725, 580 N.E.2d 34 (9th Dist.1989); Morrissey v. Brewer, 408 U.S. 471, 479-480,
92 S. Ct. 2593, 33 L. Ed. 2d 484 (1972) (“if it is determined that the parolee did violate the
conditions * * * the second question arise[s]: should the parolee be recommitted to
prison or should other steps be taken to protect society and improve chances of
rehabilitation?”). There is no requirement that the violation be willful. State v. Solomon,
5th Dist. Morrow No. 2012-CA-7, 2012-Ohio-4884, ¶ 21, citing State v. Stockdale, 11th
Dist. Lake No. 96-L-172, 1997 Ohio App. LEXIS 4363, 5 (Sept. 26, 1997) (“[t]here is
nothing in Crim.R. 32.3 * * * that mandates that the state must introduce evidence
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showing that the probation violation was willful”); State v. Estep, 4th Dist. Gallia No.
03CA22, 2004-Ohio-1747, ¶ 14 (“[e]ven if we accept Estep’s contention that he could
not reasonably be expected to comply with this condition of his community control under
the circumstances, we find no abuse of discretion in the trial court’s decision [to
terminate]”).
{¶44} “Since the purpose of a probation revocation hearing is to determine
whether the alternatives to incarceration which have been made available to the
defendant should remain open for him, not to determine whether the defendant should
be held responsible for the acts with which he is charged, a plea of insanity should not
be permitted.” Hutchison at 725.
{¶45} Thus, it is fairly well established that “[c]ommunity control may be revoked
where, because of mental illness, a defendant is unable to comply with community
control sanctions.” State v. Harian, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 97269, 2012-Ohio-2492, ¶
28; State v. Norris, 5th Dist. Stark No. 2010CA0070, 2010-Ohio-6007, ¶ 22 (“[w]hile
Appellant may not have willfully violated probation, there was no alternative to
incarceration in order to protect the community”); State v. Castellini, 1st Dist. Hamilton
Nos. C-110445 and C-110446, 2012-Ohio-1603, ¶ 14, quoting State v. Qualls, 50 Ohio
App.3d 56, 60, 552 N.E.2d 957 (10th Dist.1988) (“insanity is not a complete defense in
a probation revocation hearing but is a mitigating factor which a court should consider
when the issue is timely raised”).
{¶46} In the present case, the trial court duly considered Payne’s mental health
issues:
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I think that the evidence before the court frankly does show exactly
what’s been suggested, that although the defendant probably does
have some depression and other issues, that she’s a manipulative
person and is seeking to use this as a way of achieving her own
result, in this case which includes avoiding attendance at NEOCAP.
And so I think she’s probably right. She’s probably not a suitable
candidate to attend NEOCAP and continue on community control.
* * * I don’t know what else I can do other than terminate it.
{¶47} For the foregoing reasons, I concur in the judgment to affirm the decision
of the lower court.
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