State v. McKenna , 2017 Ohio 6986 ( 2017 )

[Cite as State v. McKenna, 2017-Ohio-6986.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO, : APPEAL NO. C-160683
TRIAL NO. C-15CRB-34617
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
O P I N I O N.
vs. :
PETER MCKENNA, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
Criminal Appeal From: Hamilton County Municipal Court
Judgment Appealed From Is: Appeal Dismissed
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: July 28, 2017
Joseph T. Deters, Hamilton County Prosecuting Attorney, and Scott M. Heenan,
Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for Plaintiff-Appellee,
Timothy A. Smith, for Defendant-Appellant.
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
MYERS, JUDGE.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Peter McKenna has appealed from the trial
court’s denial of his motion to withdraw his guilty plea. Because the entry that he
has appealed from is not final and appealable, we have no jurisdiction to entertain
McKenna’s appeal, and we therefore dismiss it.
Procedural Background
{¶2} On December 29, 2015, McKenna pled guilty to a violation of R.C.
1531.02, a third-degree misdemeanor, for the illegal taking of more than one antlered
white-tailed deer per license year. A municipal court magistrate ordered McKenna to
pay court costs and to forfeit the deer that had been illegally taken. On the day that
the plea was entered, the magistrate journalized an entry setting forth the
magistrate’s finding of guilt based on McKenna’s guilty plea. On the same date, the
magistrate also journalized a separate entry setting forth the finding of guilt and the
sentence imposed. Only the entry setting forth the finding of guilt was signed and
adopted by the trial court as its own judgment. The entry that included the
imposition of sentence was not.
{¶3} Approximately three months later, McKenna received a letter from the
Ohio Department of Natural Resources (“ODNR”). The letter stated that because
McKenna had been convicted of the illegal taking of an antlered white-tailed deer, he
was being assessed $18,346.40 for the restitution value of the deer, pursuant to R.C.
1531.201. The letter further specified various Ohio hunting licenses and permits, and
stated that, had any of these licenses or permits been issued to McKenna, they were
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immediately revoked and would be surrendered if full payment of the restitution was
not made.
{¶4} After receiving the letter from ODNR, McKenna filed a motion to
withdraw his guilty plea. He argued that the $18,346.40 fee that he was assessed was
not restitution, but was an additional criminal penalty for his offense, and that the
magistrate had failed to inform him of this penalty prior to accepting his plea,
resulting in a manifest injustice. McKenna further alleged that he had a complete
defense to the charge, because the hunting license that he had purchased from the
state permitted him to take either an antlered or antlerless deer.
{¶5} Following a hearing, the trial court denied McKenna’s motion.
McKenna now appeals, challenging in a single assignment of error the trial court’s
denial of his motion.
Lack of a Final, Appealable Order
{¶6} Before considering the merits of McKenna’s assignment of error, we
must determine whether we have jurisdiction to entertain this appeal. This court
only has jurisdiction to review final orders and judgments. Ohio Constitution,
Article IV, Section 3(B)(2); R.C. 2505.03.
{¶7} While McKenna has appealed from the trial court’s denial of his
motion to withdraw his guilty plea, we must begin our analysis by examining
McKenna’s underlying conviction for a violation of R.C. 1531.02.
{¶8} A judgment of conviction is a final order under R.C. 2505.02 when it
sets forth (1) the fact of the conviction, (2) the sentence, (3) the judge’s signature,
and (4) the time stamp indicating the entry upon the journal by the clerk. State v.
Lester, 130 Ohio St.3d 303, 2011-Ohio-5204, 958 N.E.2d 142, paragraph one of the
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syllabus; State v. Bennett, 1st Dist. Hamilton Nos. C-140507 and C-140508, 2015-
Ohio-3246, ¶ 4; Crim.R. 32(C). Each of these requirements must be contained in a
single document. State v. Daniels, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-140242, 2014-Ohio-
5160, ¶ 7, citing State v. Baker, 119 Ohio St.3d 197, 2008-Ohio-3330, 893 N.E.2d
163, ¶ 17.
{¶9} The magistrate journalized two entries in this case. Because they were
journalized separately, we must individually examine each entry, and we may not
read them together to create a final, appealable order. Id. The first entry journalized
by the magistrate, and adopted by the trial court, set forth the fact of McKenna’s plea
and finding of guilt. This entry was not a final, appealable order because it did not
contain the sentence that had been imposed. The second entry set forth the finding
of guilt and the sentence imposed, but it was not a final order because it did not
contain a judge’s signature. Furthermore, because this entry was not adopted by the
trial court, the entry has not become effective, and McKenna has not yet been
sentenced. See Crim.R. 19(D)(4)(a) (“A magistrate’s decision is not effective unless
adopted by the court.”). This directly impacts our review of the order that McKenna
has appealed from, the trial court’s denial of his motion to withdraw his guilty plea.
{¶10} Because McKenna has not been sentenced, his motion to withdraw his
guilty plea should have been treated as a presentence motion to withdraw, rather
than a postsentence motion. See State v. Waselich, 7th Dist. Mahoning No. 04 MA
164, 2005-Ohio-6449, ¶ 10. McKenna has appealed from the trial court’s denial of a
presentence motion to withdraw before sentence has been imposed. The Ohio
Supreme Court has held that “[i]n a criminal case, where there has been no
pronouncement of sentence, an order of the trial court overruling defendant’s motion
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for leave to withdraw his plea of guilty is interlocutory in nature, does not amount to
a judgment and is not a final appealable order.” State v. Chamberlain, 177 Ohio St.
104, 202 N.E.2d 695 (1964), syllabus; See Waselich at ¶ 5.
{¶11} Because the entry that McKenna has appealed from is not a final,
appealable order, we lack jurisdiction over this appeal and dismiss it.
Appeal dismissed.
CUNNINGHAM, P.J., concurs.
MILLER, J., concurs with opinion.
MILLER, J. concurring.
{¶12} I fully join in the majority opinion. This is the most recent in a long
series of cases where we have been duty bound to dismiss criminal appeals from
municipal court because the entries did not always comply with the one-document
rule articulated in State v. Baker. 119 Ohio St.3d 197, 2008-Ohio-3330 at ¶ 17. I
have concerns whether this systemic issue can harm a defendant's right to
meaningful appellate review. See Pollard v. United States, 352 U.S. 354, 361, 77
S.Ct. 481, 1 L.Ed.2d 393 (1957); United States v. Gould, 672 F.3d 930, 936 (10th
Cir.2012); Harris v. Champion, 15 F.3d 1538, 1558 (10th Cir.1994); Rhueark v.
Shaw, 628 F.2d 297, 302-302 (5th Cir.1980). However, because our lack of
jurisdiction is raised sua sponte, no party has had the opportunity to articulate this
position. It is my hope that the need for these dismissals will not persist.
Please note:
The court has recorded its own entry on the date of the release of this opinion.
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