In re J.M.P. , 2023 Ohio 225 ( 2023 )

[Cite as In re J.M.P., 2023-Ohio-225.]
COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
IN RE J.M.P. :
: No. 111825
A Minor Child :
:
[Appeal by Father] :
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: January 26, 2023
Civil Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Juvenile Division
Case No. FA-18-110370
Appearances:
Dworken & Bernstein Co., L.P.A., and Kenneth J. Cahill,
for appellant.
The Law Office of Susan M. Stephanoff and Nicholas G.
Haddad, for appellee.
MARY J. BOYLE, J.:
This appeal arises from a dispute over the interpretation of a shared
parenting plan executed by defendant-appellant, M.J.P. (“Father”), and plaintiff-
appellee, S.M.N. (“Mother”) regarding the enrollment of their minor child, J.M.P.
(d.o.b. 07/14/2017), in prekindergarten. Father appeals the trial court’s grant of
summary judgment in favor of Mother, finding that Mother can enroll J.M.P. in pre-
kindergarten at St. Paschal Baylon School in Highland Heights, Ohio (“St. Paschal”).
For the reasons that follow, we affirm.
On October 18, 2021, Father and Mother entered into a shared
parenting plan to address, inter alia, “issues of the major decisions concerning
[J.M.P.’s] health, social situation, morals, welfare, education and economic
environment.” Under the parties’ shared parenting plan, Mother is the residential
parent for school purposes and Father agreed to pay one-half private school tuition
if Mother decides to enroll the child in St. Paschal Baylon. The juvenile court
adopted the shared parenting plan the following day.
Eight months later, in June 2022, Father filed a motion for a
restraining order to prevent Mother from “unilaterally” removing J.M.P. from the
Pembroke School in Willoughby Hills, Ohio and enrolling him in prekindergarten at
St. Paschal starting in fall 2022. Mother filed a motion for summary judgment,
arguing that as “residential parent for school purposes,” “she is the parent vested
with the decision-making power on the issue of school enrollment,” and that
pursuant to the shared parenting plan, she has raised J.M.P. in the Catholic religion
and has decided to enroll him at St. Paschal, where J.M.P. regularly attends church
services. In support her of argument, Mother cited the first sentence of the shared
parenting plan’s “Private School Tuition” clause: “Father agrees to pay one-half
(1/2) of this expense if Mother decides to enroll the child in St. Paschal Baylon.”
Father opposed the motion, conceding that the shared parenting plan authorizes
Mother to enroll J.M.P. in kindergarten at St. Paschal when he reaches kindergarten
age in August 2023, but does not authorize Mother to make any changes to J.M.P.’s
preschool at Pembroke School without first consulting with Father.
On July 21, 2022, the trial court issued a judgment entry stating that
the matter was before the court on Mother’s motion for summary judgment and that
[t]he Terms of the Shared Parenting Plan specifically states [sic] “If
Mother decides to enroll the child in St. Paschal Baylon Pre K-Grade 4,
Father’s obligation shall not be more than $250.00 per month.”
The Parties in their Shared Parenting Plan anticipated possible
enrollment in St. Paschal Baylon Pre-K program, therefore, Defendant-
Father’s Motion to Restrain same is denied.
(Judgment Entry, July 21, 2022.)
It is from this judgment that Father now appeals, raising the following
single assignment of error for review:
Whether the trial court abused its discretion and/or committed plain
error granting Appellee/Mother’s motion for summary judgment.
Father argues that the trial court erred by granting Mother’s motion
for summary judgment and inserting new terms into the parties’ shared parenting
plan. Specifically, Father argues that the term “prekindergarten” is not expressly
provided by the relevant portions of the shared parenting plan, and the plan
nowhere contemplates that the parties agreed to enroll J.M.P. in prekindergarten at
St. Paschal. Mother argues that the shared parenting plan “vest[s her] with sole and
unbridled authority” to remove J.M.P. from Pembroke and enroll him in St. Paschal
because it provides that “Mother shall be the residential parent for school purposes.”
There is some confusion in the parties’ briefs over the applicable
standard of review, attributable in part to the trial court’s judgment entry stating
that the matter was before the trial court on Mother’s motion for summary
judgment, which the trial court resolved by denying Father’s motion for a restraining
order based on its interpretation of the parties’ shared parenting plan. We interpret
the trial court’s judgment entry as granting summary judgment to Mother and
denying Father’s request for a restraining order based on its interpretation of the
parties’ shared parenting plan.
Summary judgment is appropriate if (1) no genuine issue of any
material fact remains; (2) the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of
law; and (3) it appears from the evidence that reasonable minds can come to but one
conclusion, and construing the evidence most strongly in favor of the nonmoving
party, that conclusion is adverse to the nonmoving party. Grafton v. Ohio Edison
Co., 77 Ohio St.3d 102, 105, 671 N.E.2d 241 (1996). When a matter presents no
issues of material fact, an appellate court reviews questions of law de novo. Id. In a
de novo review, the appellate court affords no deference to the trial court’s decision
and independently reviews the record to determine whether summary judgment is
appropriate. Smathers v. Glass, Slip Opinion No. 2022-Ohio-4595, ¶ 30.
The parties’ dispute focuses on the “Residence and Possession
Schedule” and “Private School Tuition” provisions of the shared parenting plan. The
“Residence and Possession Schedule” provides that “Mother shall be the residential
parent for school purposes, shall select medical, dental, and mental health
providers, and shall agree to raise the child in the Catholic religion, choosing the
parish in which the child will attend church.” The “Private School Tuition” clause
provides in full that
Father agrees to pay one-half (1/2) of this expense if Mother decides to
enroll the child in St. Paschal Baylon. For k-grade 4 Father’s obligation
shall not be more than $250.00 per month. For grades 5-8 Father’s
obligation shall not be more than $300.00 per month.
A shared parenting plan is a contract subject to the rules of contract
interpretation, with a focus on effecting the parties’ intent as evidenced by the plain
language of the agreement. Glatley v. Glatley, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos. 104884,
104943, and 105179, 2018-Ohio-1077, ¶ 13, citing Maddox v. Maddox, 2016-Ohio-
2908, 65 N.E.3d 88, ¶ 23 (1st Dist.), citing Ellsworth v. Ellsworth, 1st Dist. Hamilton
No. C-970916, 1998 Ohio App. LEXIS 6225, 6 (Dec. 24, 1988). As we stated in
Richmond v. Evans, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 101269, 2015-Ohio-870,
“[The] court’s role is to give effect to the intent of the parties * * * as
reflected in the language of the contract.” Jackson v. Jackson, 5th Dist.
Richland No. 12CA28, 2013-Ohio-3521, ¶ 22.
Id. at ¶ 18. See also Grisafo v. Hollingshead, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 107802, 2019-
Ohio-3763, ¶ 22, quoting Rubins v. Rubins, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 61937, 1993
Ohio App. LEXIS 1558, 6-7 (Mar. 18, 1993) (“‘The primary principle which courts
must follow is that the contract must be interpreted ‘so as to carry out the intent of
the parties * * *.’ Skivolocki v. East Ohio Gas Co. (1974), 38 Ohio St.2d 244, 313
N.E.2d 374.”).
In the instant case, a plain reading of the “Residence and Possession
Schedule” and “Private School Tuition” clauses reveals that Mother is responsible
for selecting medical, dental, and mental health providers; Mother is the sole
residential parent for school purposes; the parties agreed to raise J.M.P. in the
Catholic religion; and Mother has the option to enroll J.M.P. at St. Paschal, and that
if Mother decides to do so, Father will pay one half of J.M.P.’s tuition at St. Paschal.
This language clearly demonstrates the intent of the parties: to raise their child in
the Catholic religion and sending him to Catholic school, and Mother, as the sole
residential parent for school purposes, decides where J.M.P. is enrolled in school.
Nowhere in the shared parenting plan does it state that J.M.P. must remain at
Pembroke School until he starts kindergarten at Saint Paschal’s. We may not add
contract terms to which the parties did not agree. Nor may the trial court. See, e.g.,
Urban v. Spriestersbach, 3d Dist. Seneca No. 13-94-26, 1995 Ohio App. LEXIS 719,
at 10 (Feb. 28, 1995) (“[A] court is not empowered to give a written agreement a
meaning which is not provided for in the contract language.”).
Therefore, based on the foregoing, we find no genuine issue of
material fact and reasonable minds can come to but one conclusion — Mother is
authorized under the shared parenting plan to enroll J.M.P. in prekindergarten at
St. Paschal and Father is responsible for half of this tuition expense. The juvenile
court properly granted summary judgment in Mother’s favor and properly denied
Father’s motion to restrain.
Father’s sole assignment of error is overruled.
Accordingly, judgment is affirmed.1
It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the
common pleas court, juvenile division, to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
_________________________
MARY J. BOYLE, JUDGE
FRANK DANIEL CELEBREZZE, III, P.J., and
KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, J., CONCUR
1 At appellate oral argument, the parties represented to this court that J.M.P. was
enrolled at St. Paschal’s after the juvenile court denied Father’s motion to restrain, that
Father has not paid his one-half private school tuition, and that there are two motions to
show cause filed by Mother that have been stayed during the pendency of this appeal.