In re A.N. , 2021 Ohio 4214 ( 2021 )

[Cite as In re A.N., 2021-Ohio-4214.]
COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
IN RE A.N. :
: No. 110608
Minor Child :
:
[Appeal by Father] :
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: December 2, 2021
Civil Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Juvenile Division
Case No. AD-20902756
Appearances:
Scott J. Friedman, for appellant.
Michael C. O’Malley, Cuyahoga County Prosecuting
Attorney, and Joseph C. Young, Assistant Prosecuting
Attorney, for appellee.
KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, P.J.:
Appellant-Father (“Father”) appeals from the juvenile court’s
decision awarding permanent custody of his minor child, A.N., to the appellee
Cuyahoga County Division of Children and Family Services (“CCDCFS” or “the
agency”). For the reasons that follow, we affirm.
I. Procedural Background
CCDCFS became involved with the family when A.N., then 12 years
old, was left home alone after Father was hospitalized. On March 3, 2020, the
agency filed a complaint alleging that A.N. was abused, neglected, and dependent,
and requesting a disposition of temporary custody. The complaint alleged that
Father lacked appropriate parenting skills and judgment to provide proper care for
A.N.1 The juvenile court granted the agency’s motion for predispositional custody
the same day.
On June 1, 2020, the court conducted a hearing on the agency’s
complaint. The father denied the allegations and the matter was continued for trial.
On June 3, 2020, the agency developed a case plan that included services addressing
Father’s mental health needs and substance abuse concerns. His case plan also
focused on appropriate parenting, which included setting clear boundaries on age-
appropriate interactions and conversations. The goal of the case plan was
reunification. Father disagreed with the established case plan, contending that he
did not need assistance with his parenting of A.N.
On September 24, 2020, Father stipulated to an amended complaint
alleging A.N. dependent and agreed to temporary custody. On October 15, 2020,
the juvenile court adjudicated A.N. dependent and granted the agency temporary
custody. The court approved the agency’s case plan for Father, and A.N.’s case plan
was amended to include mental health services. Reunification remained the goal.
1 A.N.’s mother is deceased.
In January 2021, CCDCFS moved to extend temporary custody,
contending that Father was progressing on his case plan. However, on February 12,
2021, the agency filed a motion to modify temporary custody to permanent custody
because of Father’s failure to follow through with case plan services and show any
benefit from the services already completed. At a review hearing on February 22,
2021, the agency orally withdrew its motion for an extension of temporary custody,
advising the court that it would move forward on its motion for permanent custody.
On March 18, 2021, the agency filed a notice of emergency
amendment to Father’s case plan, advising that it was suspending Father’s visitation
and communication with A.N. because of concerns regarding A.N.’s mental health
when the visitations occurred. The juvenile court conducted a hearing where
Jamessa Motley (“Motley”), the agency case worker assigned to the case, testified
that A.N. suffers from anxiety when visiting with Father. She stated that Father’s
conversations were inappropriate and negative. Specifically, she stated that Father
discussed his case plan and legal proceedings with A.N., criticized A.N.’s appearance
by asserting that he was wearing “gay” or “gang” colors, and made A.N.
uncomfortable with derogatory remarks about his foster mother and her sexuality.
At the hearing, Father admitted that he did not want his child wearing
“gay colors,” or participating, wearing, or representing “that type of activity.” Father
stated that during the visits he would educate his son about God, the Bible,
anthropology, and the process of maturity. He stated that he understood why his
son was “stressed” during his visits because he was teaching his son things contrary
to what his foster mother was telling A.N.
Over objection, the juvenile court adopted the emergency
amendment to the case plan and suspended Father’s visitation. Trial on the agency’s
motion for permanent custody remained set for May 26, 2021.
The day before trial, Father requested a continuance for the purpose
of ordering a polygraph test for himself and Motley. Prior to the start of trial, the
court denied Father’s request.
II. Permanent Custody Hearing
Katie Russell (“Russell”) testified that she is A.N.’s therapist at Ohio
Mentor. She stated that she began working with A.N. on March 17, 2020. According
to Russell, A.N. was diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (“PTSD”) and
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (“ADHD”). She stated that A.N. suffered
from psychosomatic symptoms such as difficulty breathing, muscle spasms, and
headaches when extremely stressed. Russell stated that these symptoms were
triggered by stress from Father and school. She stated that Father criticized A.N.
and did not appreciate A.N.’s mental health needs. Russell testified that A.N. was
not comfortable communicating with Father because to do so was showing
“weakness.” She stated that A.N. struggled to stay focused on himself because he
worried about his father’s health and his inability to take care of his father. She
stated that A.N. assumed the role of caregiver when “he just wanted to a be a kid.”
Russell testified that A.N. commented that he preferred to stay in
foster care. She stated that A.N. is happy with his foster family, and that his foster
mother actively engages in the therapeutic process and facilitates A.N.’s usage of his
coping skills when symptoms occur. According to Russell, A.N. wished for
permanent custody to the agency.
Motley testified that she was assigned to the case in March 2020, and
developed a case plan for Father that included mental health services, substance
abuse treatment and counseling, and parenting.
Regarding the mental health component, Father had been involved
with Circle Health in 2018, but was only being treated with pharmacological care —
not therapeutic care. Father self-reported that he suffers from depression and
anxiety; however, the agency learned that Father was not forthcoming because
medical records revealed that he was diagnosed with both schizophrenia and
schizoaffective disorder, which both have effects of auditory and visual
hallucinations. Additionally, the records noted that Father’s medication compliance
was sporadic. Following an assessment with the court’s diagnostic clinic, the
Father’s case plan included cognitive behavioral therapy, pharmacological services
for medications, and in-home services to assist with visitation.
Motley testified that Father often exhibited paranoia behaviors —
asserting that the agency was “out to get him,” blaming the agency, or complaining
that he was being targeted during visitations. She stated that when Father
participated in remote staffing reviews, he became very volatile and argumentative
and had to be muted by the facilitator.
Motley stated that Father did not initially engage in therapeutic
services, which was concerning because if he was noncompliant with his
medications, his mental health status was not being monitored. Motley admitted
that Father engaged in therapeutic services two months prior to trial, and that
Father’s diagnosis does not prevent reunification.
Regarding the substance abuse component of his case plan, Father
completed an intensive outpatient program (“IOP”) with Catholic Charities,
including attending AA meetings. She stated that Father completed all requested
drug screens until July and August 2021, when he purportedly could not obtain
transportation to the screens. When she stated that she provided Father with bus
passes, Father abruptly interrupted the proceedings, shouting that Motley was
“lying,” reiterating his reason for seeking polygraph tests.
Despite Father’s lapse in submitting to drug screens, the agency
determined that Father had completed the substance abuse component of his case
plan based on his completion of the IOP program and the negative screens. Motley
testified that she could not state that he benefitted from the services given, however,
because he did not submit to any drug screens after March 2021.
Regarding the parenting component of Father’s case plan, Motley
testified that Father had not fully completed this component nor benefitted. Father
was referred to Beech Brook’s Nurturing Parenting Programs and assigned a
supportive visitation coach through Catholic Charities. Father completed the one-
on-one program but did not fully complete the group program. It was the agency’s
position that Father did not complete the parenting component of the program
because he had not benefitted from the parenting component. Motley stated that
Father would engage in behavior during visits with A.N. that were detrimental to
A.N. and A.N.’s mental health. Motley testified that during those visits, Father’s
conversations would turn negative, blaming the agency for his situation, criticizing
A.N., and making derogatory remarks about A.N.’s foster mother.
Motley also testified there was initial concern that Father was
instructing A.N. how to download pornography onto a cell phone that Father
provided to A.N. According to Motley, these issues and the severe stress A.N.
suffered were the reasons why the court suspended Father’s visitation and
communication.
Motley opined that it was in A.N.’s best interest that permanent
custody be granted because of concerns whether A.N.’s mental health treatment
would continue if he remained in Father’s care.
Father, who appeared an hour late to the hearing due to reported
transportation issues, testified that he disagreed with the testimony of Motley, which
was why he sought polygraph tests. He did not dispute the testimony regarding the
conversations that he engaged in with A.N. but maintained that his parenting style
was appropriate. He stressed that his job was to be a parent, not a friend, which is
why he needed to educate his son. When asked whether a relative was available to
care for his son, Father stated that he did not trust anyone, but if he could, he would
“scrutinize them enough to see if they would actually fit the criteria, you know, fit
completely.” (Tr. 119.)
A.N.’s guardian ad litem, Gail Nanowsky, provided her
recommendation in favor of permanent custody, which supplemented her written
recommendation. She stated that A.N., who was almost 14 years old at the time of
trial, “wishe[d] to remain in his foster home. He would like to be adopted by foster
mother.” Nanowsky further stated that she did not believe that A.N. could be
reunified with Father within the next year, and that given the mental health issues
of both Father and child, “it would not be in [A.N.’s] best interest to be reunified
with [Father].”
Child’s foster mother testified A.N. “without a doubt” loves his father.
She explained to the court the dynamic of her home and said that A.N.’s disposition
had changed dramatically from his initial placement to now. She stated that with
his mental health issues under control, A.N. was thriving in school and maintaining
friendships.
The juvenile court granted CCDCFS’s motion for permanent custody.
III. The Appeal
Father now appeals, raising as his sole assignment of error that the
juvenile court erred in terminating his parental rights, in violation of his rights under
the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article I, Section
16 of the Ohio Constitution. Specifically, Father contends that the juvenile court’s
decision terminating his parental rights was against the manifest weight of the
evidence.
In the context of the termination of parental rights, the due process
rights provided by the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
and Article I, Section 16 of the Ohio Constitution, ensure that the termination
proceeding is fundamentally fair. In re B.C., 141 Ohio St.3d 55, 2014-Ohio-4558, 21
N.E.3d 308, ¶ 17, citing Santosky v. Kramer, 455 U.S. 745, 753-754, 102 S.Ct. 1388,
71 L.Ed.2d 599 (1982). “Permanent termination of parental rights has been
described as ‘the family law equivalent of the death penalty in a criminal case.’ In re
Smith, 77 Ohio App.3d 1, 16, 601 N.E.2d 45 (1991). Therefore, parents ‘must be
afforded every procedural and substantive protection the law allows.’ Id.” In re
Hayes, 79 Ohio St.3d 46, 48, 679 N.E.2d 680 (1997).
The right to raise one’s own child is “‘an essential and basic civil
right.’” In re N.B., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 101390, 2015-Ohio-314, ¶ 67, quoting
Hayes at 48; see also In re Murray, 52 Ohio St.3d 155, 157, 556 N.E.2d 1169 (1990)
(a parent has a “‘fundamental liberty interest’ in the care, custody, and
management” of his or her child), quoting Santosky at 753. However, this right is
not absolute. It is “‘always subject to the ultimate welfare of the child, which is the
polestar or controlling principle to be observed.’” In re L.D., 2017-Ohio-1037, 86
N.E.3d 1012, ¶ 29 (8th Dist.), quoting In re Cunningham, 59 Ohio St.2d 100, 106,
391 N.E.2d 1034 (1979); see also In re T.H., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 107947, 2019-
Ohio-3045, ¶ 15, citing In re M.S., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos. 101693 and 101694,
2015-Ohio-1028, ¶ 7 (termination of parental rights is an alternative of last resort
but is sanctioned when necessary for the welfare of a child).
“‘All children have the right, if possible, to parenting from either
natural or adoptive parents which provides support, care, discipline, protection and
motivation.’” In re J.B., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 98546, 2013-Ohio-1704, ¶ 66,
quoting In re Hitchcock, 120 Ohio App.3d 88, 102, 696 N.E.2d 1090 (8th Dist.1996).
Where parental rights are terminated, the goal is to create a more stable life for a
dependent child and to “facilitate adoption to foster permanency for children.” N.B.
at ¶ 67, citing In re Howard, 5th Dist. Tuscarawas No. 85 A10-077, 1986 Ohio App.
LEXIS 7860, 5 (Aug. 1, 1986).
Pursuant to R.C. 2151.414, a trial court may grant permanent custody
of a child to an agency if, after a hearing, the court determines by clear and
convincing evidence that one of the factors enumerated in R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(a)
through (e) applies, and that an award of permanent custody is in the child’s best
interest. The Ohio Supreme Court defines clear and convincing evidence as “that
measure or degree of proof which is more than a mere ‘preponderance of the
evidence,’ but not to the extent of such certainty as is required ‘beyond a reasonable
doubt’ in criminal cases, and which will produce in the mind of the trier of facts a
firm belief or conviction as to the facts sought to be established.” In re K.H., 119
Ohio St.3d 538, 2008-Ohio-4825, 895 N.E.2d 809, ¶ 42, quoting Cross v. Ledford,
161 Ohio St. 469, 120 N.E.2d 118 (1954), paragraph three of the syllabus. This court
will not reverse a juvenile court’s award of permanent custody as being against the
manifest weight of the evidence when the record contains competent, credible
evidence by which the court could have found that the essential statutory elements
for any award of permanent custody have been established. In re B.P., 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga Nos. 107732 and 107735, 2019-Ohio-2919, ¶ 22.
A. R.C. 2151.414(B) Factors
The R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(a) through (e) factors are: (a) the child
cannot be placed with either parent within a reasonable time or should not be placed
with either parent; (b) the child is abandoned; (c) the child is orphaned and no
relatives are able to take permanent custody of the child; (d) the child has been in
the temporary custody of one or more public or private children services agencies
for 12 or more months of a consecutive 22-month period; and (e) the child or
another child of the parent or parents has been adjudicated an abused, neglected, or
dependent child on three separate occasions.
In this case, the juvenile court found that the condition set forth in
R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(a) applies — A.N. cannot be placed with either parent within a
reasonable time or should not be placed with either parent. In making this
determination, courts look to the factors set forth in R.C. 2151.414(E). If a court
determines that one or more of the R.C. 2151.414(E) factors exist as to each of the
parents, the court shall enter a finding that the child cannot be placed with either
parent within a reasonable time or should not be placed with either parent. R.C.
2151.414(E); In re Ca.C., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 107514, 2019-Ohio-546, ¶ 12.
Here, the juvenile court found that several R.C. 2151.414(E) factors
exist. Specifically, the court found that Father had failed to substantially remedy the
conditions causing A.N. to be placed outside the home (R.C. 2151.414(E)(1)); Father
has a chronic mental illness and chemical dependency that is so severe that it makes
him unable to provide an adequate permanent home for A.N. at the present time,
and as anticipated, within one year (R.C. 2151.414(E)(2)); Father has demonstrated
a lack of commitment by failing to regularly support, visit, or communicate with A.N.
when able to do so, or by other actions showing an unwillingness to provide an
adequate, permanent home for A.N. (R.C. 2151.414(E)(4)); and “[F]ather was in
agreement with adjudication and temporary custody in this matter. Father
repeatedly has inappropriate conversations with the child that affect the child’s
mental health.” (R.C. 2151.414(E)(16)).
Father contends that the juvenile court’s findings are unsupported by
competent and credible evidence because he substantially remedied the conditions
that caused the A.N.’s removal. According to Father, he completed most of his case
plan objectives, which included mental health treatment, substance abuse
counseling, and parenting classes. Additionally, he contends that he fully remedied
the condition that caused A.N.’s removal because what caused A.N.’s removal was
Father’s decision to leave A.N. home alone during Father’s hospitalization. But, this
short-sighted belief fails to grasp the significance of A.N.’s needs. The evidence
presented at trial admittedly demonstrates that Father can provide for the basic
needs of A.N., but A.N.’s needs go well beyond just basic needs.
Father contends that “his mental illness, by itself, cannot serve as a
basis for determining that a termination of parental rights is in [A.N.’s] best
interest.” While we agree that mental illness alone is an insufficient basis, Father’s
mental health diagnoses were not the basis for the juvenile court’s decision. Rather,
the decision was based on Father’s inability to consistently maintain treatment for
his mental health needs. Motley testified that Father’s prior treatment only
consisted of pharmacological care, not therapeutic care. She stated that Father only
recently engaged in therapeutic care, which was approximately a year after A.N. had
been removed from his care. Additionally, she stated that Father’s inability to
consistently take his medications was concerning.
Regarding the parenting component of Father’s case plan, the
testimony revealed that Father never fully completed or benefited from this
component. Father was referred to Beech Brook’s Nurturing Parenting Programs
and assigned a supportive visitation coach. It was the agency’s position that Father
did not complete the parenting component of the program because Father had not
benefitted from the parenting services. Motley stated that Father would engage in
behavior during visits with A.N. that were detrimental to A.N. and A.N.’s mental
health.
The juvenile court found that Father “repeatedly has inappropriate
conversations with the child that affect the child’s mental health.” Competent and
credible evidence supports this finding. Russell, A.N.’s therapist, testified that
during a telephone visit, she observed A.N. become so visibly upset and stressed that
he wanted to end the visit. Motley also testified that Father would discuss his case
plan and the legal proceedings with A.N. Although Father was told to keep the visits
focused on A.N. and stay to positive, the conversation would often turn to Father
talking negatively about A.N.’s foster mother, and criticizing A.N. Additionally,
there was initial concern that Father was instructing A.N. how to download
pornography onto a cell phone that Father provided to A.N. These issues and the
stress they triggered in A.N. caused the court to suspend Father’s visitation and
communication.
Father contends that the juvenile court’s finding that he has
inappropriate conversations with A.N. that affect A.N.’s mental health is insufficient
to support terminating his parental rights because “parents have a fundamental
right to communicate their moral and religious values to their children.” In support,
he relies on Pater v. Pater, 63 Ohio St.3d 393, 588 N.E.2d 794 (1992). Although the
Ohio Supreme Court stated that “a parent may not be denied custody of a child on
the basis of the parent’s religious practices,” the court clarified, “unless there is
probative evidence that those practices will adversely affect the mental or physical
health of the child.” Id. at paragraph one of the syllabus.
In this case, the evidence demonstrates that Father’s belief and
practices have indeed adversely affected the mental and physical health of A.N.
Russell and Motley both testified that A.N. suffers from psychosomatic symptoms
caused, in part, by Father’s criticisms and judgments, and nonsupport of A.N.’s
mental health needs. The juvenile court heard testimony that A.N. “just wanted to
be a kid,” and not the caregiver. The evidence demonstrated that Father treats A.N.
not as a child but as an adult. This explains why Father considered it appropriate to
leave his 12-year-old son home alone for an extended period of time while he was
hospitalized. Accordingly, competent and credible evidence supports the juvenile
court’s determination that Father had not remedied the conditions that led to A.N.’s
removal, and therefore that A.N. cannot be placed with Father within a reasonable
time or should not be placed with either parent
B. Best Interest Finding
Having found that the juvenile court properly concluded that at least
one of the R.C. 2151.414(B)(1) conditions applied, we must determine whether the
juvenile court appropriately found that permanent custody to the agency was in
A.N.’s best interest.
When considering the best interest of a child, R.C. 2151.414(D)(1)
directs the court to consider all relevant factors, including, but not limited to: (a)
the interaction and interrelationship of the child with the child’s parents, siblings,
relatives, foster caregivers and out-of-home providers; (b) the wishes of the child, as
expressed directly by the child or through the child’s guardian ad litem; (c) the
custodial history of the child; (d) the child’s need for a legally secured permanent
placement and whether that type of placement can be achieved without a grant of
permanent custody to the agency; and (e) whether any of the factors set forth in R.C.
2151.414(E)(7) through (11) apply. Although a trial court is required to consider each
of the R.C. 2151.414(D)(1) factors in making its permanent custody determination,
“there is not one element that is given more weight than the others pursuant to the
statute.” In re Schaefer, 11 Ohio St.3d 498, 2006-Ohio-5513, 857 N.E.2d 532, ¶ 56.
In this case, the juvenile court stated in its journal entry that it
considered the R.C. 2151.414(D)(1) factors and found “that the child’s continued
residence in or return to the home of [Father] would be contrary to the child’s best
interest.” We agree.
Although testimony was presented that Father engaged in all the
required case plan services and that he successfully completed some of those
services, this court is mindful that permanent custody pertains to what is in the
child’s best interest. The natural rights of a parent are not absolute, and are
subordinate to the child’s best interest when determining the appropriate resolution
in a permanent custody proceeding. B.C., 141 Ohio St.3d 55, 2014-Ohio-4558, 21
N.E.3d 308, at ¶ 20. Thus, the child’s best interest is the “‘polestar or controlling
principle’” that is to be observed. Id., quoting Cunningham, 59 Ohio St.2d at 106,
391 N.E.2d 1034.
Thus the fundamental or primary inquiry at the dispositional phase of
these juvenile proceedings is not whether the parents of a previously
adjudicated “dependent” child are either fit or unfit. The mere fact that
a natural parent is fit, though it is certainly one factor that may enter
into judicial consideration, does not automatically entitle the natural
parent to custody of his child since the best interests and welfare of that
child are of paramount importance. * * * Parental interests must be
subordinated to the child’s interest in determining an appropriate
disposition of any petition to terminate parental rights. (Citations
omitted.)
Id.Both the best-interest determination and the determination that the child cannot be
placed with either parent focuses on the child, not the parent. In re Awkal, 95 Ohio
App.3d 309, 315, 642 N.E.2d 424 (8th Dist.1994). In fact, the plain language of R.C.
2151.414(C) prohibits a court from considering the effect granting permanent
custody to the agency would have upon Father.
Regarding the interactions between the child and his Father and
foster family, the court heard testimony that A.N. is happy in his foster placement
and is thriving. Testimony from Russell and Motley revealed that A.N.’s primary
stressors in life stemmed from Father’s judgment and criticisms. They both testified
that A.N. would be visibly stressed during visitations with Father, some of which
were terminated early due to A.N.’s responses or Father’s inappropriate
conversations. Ultimately, visitation was suspended. Motley stated that A.N. needs
a supportive environment, which she determined, based on her observations and
conversations with A.N. and Father, would not exist with Father.
Most importantly, the juvenile court conducted an in camera
interview with A.N., who, at the time, was three months from turning age 14. During
that interview, the child discussed with the court his relationship with Father and
his foster family. The juvenile court obtained the child’s wishes through this
interview. Those wishes were consistent with what Nanowsky reported at the
permanent custody hearing — that the child preferred that the court grant
permanent custody. (Tr. 136.)
As for custodial history, A.N. has been in the agency’s custody since
his removal in March 2020 and lived with the same foster family since that time.
Regarding the child’s need for a legally secure permanent placement
and whether that type of placement can be achieved without a grant of permanent
custody to the agency, the testimony reveals that Father can no doubt provide for
A.N.’s basic needs, including food, shelter, and clothing. But the need for a legally
secure permanent placement goes beyond mere tangible items; it requires an
environment for nurturing and growth. “[A] child’s best interests are served by the
child being placed in a permanent situation that fosters growth, stability, and
security.” M.S., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos. 101693 and 101694, 2015-Ohio-1028, at
¶ 11, citing In re Adoption of Ridenour, 61 Ohio St.3d 319, 324, 574 N.E.2d 1055(1991). Clear and convincing evidence was presented to the juvenile court that the
living environment with Father triggers undue hardship and stress onto A.N., which
generates psychological and physical manifestations. Competent, credible evidence
supports the juvenile court’s finding that a permanent placement that fosters
growth, stability, and security just cannot be achieved with Father.
Father contends that the juvenile court did not discuss the R.C.
2151.414 factors prior to entering its written decision granting the agency permanent
custody. This is true. However, the Ohio Supreme Court recently stated that “R.C.
2151.414(D)(1) does not require a juvenile court to expressly discuss each of the best-
interest factors in R.C. 2151.414(D)(1)(a) through (e). Consideration is all the statute
requires.” In re A.M., Slip Opinion No. 2019-0923, 2020-Ohio-5102, ¶ 31.
Nevertheless, in agreement with the high court, “we likewise strongly encourage
juvenile courts to [specifically address each factor].” Id. at ¶ 32. “Discussion of the
statutory best-interest factors in R.C. 2151.414(D)(1) would similarly facilitate
appellate review of permanent custody judgments.” Id. Moreover, “including a
discussion of best-interest factors in [the juvenile court’s] decision granting
permanent custody of a child to an agency is also likely to increase public confidence
in the judicial process in this most important area of parental rights.” Id.
Father’s assignment of error is overruled.
Judgment affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the
common pleas court, juvenile division, to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, PRESIDING JUDGE
LISA B. FORBES, J., and
EILEEN T. GALLAGHER, J., CONCUR