State v. Parsons , 2023 Ohio 502 ( 2023 )

[Cite as State v. Parsons, 2023-Ohio-502.]
COURT OF APPEALS
DELAWARE COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO JUDGES:
Hon. William B. Hoffman, P.J.
Plaintiff-Appellee Hon. John W. Wise, J.
Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J.
-vs-
Case No. 22 CAA 05 0035
TRAVIS PARSONS
Defendant-Appellant OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDINGS: Appeal from the Delaware County Court of
Common Pleas, Case No. 21 CRI 03 0177
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: February 21, 2023
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant
WILLIAM T. CRAMER MELISSA A. SCHIFFEL
470 Olde Worthington Road – Suite 200 Delaware County Prosecuting Attorney
Westerville, Ohio 43082
MARK C. SLEEPER
Assistant Prosecuting Attorney
145 North Union Street, 3rd Floor
Delaware, Ohio 43015
Delaware County, Case No. 22 CAA 05 0035 2
Hoffman, P.J.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Travis Parsons appeals the judgment entered by the
Delaware Common Pleas Court convicting him following his pleas of no contest to two
counts of aggravated vehicular assault (R.C. 2903.08(A)(1)(a)) and two counts of
vehicular assault (R.C. 2903.08(A)(2)(b)), and sentencing him to an aggregate prison
term of thirty-six months. Plaintiff-appellee is the state of Ohio.
STATEMENT OF THE FACTS AND CASE
{¶2} In September of 2020, Appellant was involved in a traffic accident which
seriously injured two occupants of another vehicle. As a result of the accident, Appellant
was indicted by the Delaware County Grand Jury with two counts of aggravated vehicular
assault (R.C. 2903.08(A)(1)(a)) and two counts of vehicular assault (R.C.
2903.08(A)(2)(b)).
{¶3} Appellant’s blood was tested for alcohol at Riverside Methodist Hospital
following the crash. Appellant filed a motion to suppress the test results, arguing his blood
was improperly collected and analyzed.
{¶4} The trial court held an evidentiary hearing on the motion to suppress.
Tabitha Bowen testified she was working as a phlebotomist at Riverside Methodist
Hospital on September 27, 2020, and withdrew blood from Appellant in the emergency
room of the hospital. She testified as part of the procedure to draw blood, she would wipe
a small part of the patient’s arm with a sterile cotton swab saturated with isopropyl alcohol
to disinfect the area where she intended to inject the needle.
{¶5} Dr. Nicholas Wongchaowart, director of the laboratory at the hospital,
testified hospital protocol provided an alcohol swab was not to be used when cleaning the
site of the area for a blood draw for alcohol testing. However, he testified the possibility
Delaware County, Case No. 22 CAA 05 0035 3
of contamination of the sample from the alcohol swab was not certain, as some studies
found an issue with use of an alcohol swab, while other studies did not.
{¶6} The trial court acknowledged the use of the alcohol swab was not in
substantial compliance with the methods approved by the Ohio Department of Health.
However, the trial court found pursuant to R.C. 4511.19(D)(1)(a), substantial compliance
with Department of Health regulations is not required when blood has been withdrawn
and analyzed by a health care provider. The trial court overruled the motion to suppress,
finding the potential problems with the blood draw caused by use of the alcohol swab
went to the weight of the evidence, not its admissibility.
{¶7} Appellant entered a plea of no contest to all four counts of the indictment.
The trial court merged the counts of vehicular assault with the counts of aggravated
vehicular assault, and the State elected to have Appellant sentenced on the two counts
of aggravated vehicular assault. The trial court sentenced Appellant to thirty-six months
incarceration on each count, to be served concurrently.
{¶8} It is from the April 19, 2022 judgment of the trial court Appellant prosecutes
his appeal, assigning as error:
APPELLANT’S DUE PROCESS RIGHTS WERE VIOLATED BY
THE DENIAL OF APPELLANT’S MOTION TO SUPPRESS EVIDENCE OF
A BLOOD-ALCHOL TEST WHERE THE NURSE USED AN ALCOHOL-
BASED ANTISEPTIC.
Delaware County, Case No. 22 CAA 05 0035 4
I.
{¶9} In his sole assignment of error, Appellant argues the trial court erred in
failing to suppress the results of his blood-alcohol test because the use of an alcohol
swab by the phlebotomist violated hospital policy.
{¶10} Appellate review of a motion to suppress presents a mixed question of law
and fact. State v. Burnside, 100 Ohio St.3d 152, 154-155, 2003-Ohio-5372, 797 N.E.2d
71, ¶ 8. When ruling on a motion to suppress, the trial court assumes the role of trier of
fact and is in the best position to resolve questions of fact and to evaluate witness
credibility. See State v. Dunlap, 73 Ohio St.3d 308,314, 1995-Ohio-243, 652 N.E.2d 988;
State v. Fanning, 1 Ohio St.3d 19, 20, 437 N.E.2d 583 (1982). Accordingly, a reviewing
court must defer to the trial court's factual findings if competent, credible evidence exists
to support those findings. See Burnside, supra; Dunlap, supra; State v. Long, 127 Ohio
App.3d 328, 332, 713 N.E.2d 1(4th Dist. 1998); State v. Medcalf, 111 Ohio App.3d 142,
675 N.E.2d 1268 (4th Dist. 1996). However, once this Court has accepted those facts as
true, it must independently determine as a matter of law whether the trial court met the
applicable legal standard. See Burnside, supra, citing State v. McNamara, 124 Ohio
App.3d 706, 707 N.E.2d 539(4th Dist. 1997); See, generally, United States v. Arvizu, 534
U.S. 266, 122 S.Ct. 744, 151 L.Ed.2d 740(2002); Ornelas v. United States, 517 U.S. 690,
116 S.Ct. 1657, 134 L.Ed.2d 911(1996). The application of the law to the trial court's
findings of fact is subject to a de novo standard of review. Ornelas, supra. Moreover, due
weight should be given “to inferences drawn from those facts by resident judges and local
law enforcement officers.” Ornelas, supra at 698, 116 S.Ct. at 1663.
{¶11} R.C. 4511.19(D)(1)(a) provides:
Delaware County, Case No. 22 CAA 05 0035 5
(D)(1)(a) In any criminal prosecution or juvenile court proceeding for
a violation of division (A)(1)(a) of this section or for an equivalent offense
that is vehicle-related, the result of any test of any blood or urine withdrawn
and analyzed at any health care provider, as defined in section 2317.02 of
the Revised Code, may be admitted with expert testimony to be considered
with any other relevant and competent evidence in determining the guilt or
innocence of the defendant.
{¶12} This Court has previously acknowledged this statute sets forth a different
standard of admissibility for admission of blood or urine tests withdrawn and analyzed by
a health care provider, and substantial compliance with Ohio Department of Health
regulations is not required. See State v. Schubert, 5th Dist. Licking No. 2020 CA 00040,
2021-Ohio-1478, 170 N.E.3d 1296, ¶¶10- 11, reversed on other grounds, 2022-Ohio-
4604, citing State v. Oliver,9th Dist. Summit No. 25162, 2010-Ohio-6306.
{¶13} While Appellant concedes his blood was both withdrawn and analyzed by a
health care provider and therefore R.C. 4511.19(D)(1)(a) applies, he argues R.C.
4511.19(D)(1)(a) does not allow the admission of test results where the blood was not
drawn and analyzed in accordance with hospital policy.
{¶14} Appellant cites State v. Harper, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 105961, 2018-Ohio-
690, 107 N.E.3d 709, in support of his argument. In Harper, neither the person who drew
the blood nor the person who analyzed the blood testified at the suppression hearing.
The doctor who testified at the hearing had no firsthand knowledge of the testing and
analysis of the defendant’s blood, and no evidence was presented proper protocols were
Delaware County, Case No. 22 CAA 05 0035 6
followed. The trial court suppressed the evidence, and the State appealed. The Court of
Appeals found R.C. 4511.19(D)(1)(a) provides the results may be admitted with expert
testimony, but the trial court was not required to admit the results with expert testimony.
The court found under the facts of the case, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in
suppressing the test results. Id. at ¶36.
{¶15} The instant case arises from a different procedural posture than Harper, as
in the instant case, the trial court admitted the evidence. Further, in the instant case the
State presented the testimony of witnesses with firsthand knowledge of the blood draw
and testing procedures, and the record is therefore not devoid of evidence regarding
compliance with hospital protocols for drawing and analyzing the samples. Rather, in the
instant case, the only challenge to the test result is the use of an alcohol swab to clean
the area before drawing blood, in violation of hospital protocol.
{¶16} The State cites this Court to State v. Mendoza, 6th Dist. Wood No. WD-10-
008, 2011-Ohio-1971, in which the court found the blood alcohol test results admissible
pursuant to R.C. 4511.19(D)(1)(a) despite the fact the nurse who drew the blood used an
alcohol swab, in violation of Department of Health regulations. Appellant attempts to
distinguish Mendoza on the basis there was no evidence in Mendoza the use of the
alcohol swab violated hospital protocol. We find this to be a legally insignificant difference
at this stage of the proceedings. R.C. 4511.19(D)(1)(a) does not require the blood or
urine be analyzed in strict or even substantial compliance with hospital protocol to be
admissible; it simply provides if the sample is drawn and analyzed by a health care
provider, the result may be admitted with expert testimony. We agree with the conclusion
of the trial court in this case the possible shortcoming in the blood draw process goes to
Delaware County, Case No. 22 CAA 05 0035 7
the weight of the evidence, not its admissibility. As noted by the trial court, Appellant
would have been free to argue at trial the test results should have been given little weight
in light of the phlebotomist’s use of isopropyl alcohol at the site where the needle was to
be injected.
{¶17} The assignment of error is overruled. The judgment of the Delaware County
Common Pleas Court is affirmed.
By: Hoffman, P.J.
Wise, J. and
Delaney, J. concur