State v. Davis ( 2014 )

[Cite as State v. Davis, 2014-Ohio-2052.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
No. 99976
STATE OF OHIO
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
RONELLE D. DAVIS
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT:
REVERSED, VACATED, AND REMANDED
Criminal Appeal from the
Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CR-12-564830
BEFORE: Jones, P.J., E.A. Gallagher, J., and Kilbane, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: May 15, 2014
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT
Robert L. Tobik
Cuyahoga County Public Defender
John T. Martin
Assistant Public Defender
310 Lakeside Avenue
Suite 200
Cleveland, Ohio 44113
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Timothy J. McGinty
Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
BY: Patrick J. Lavelle
Assistant County Prosecutor
The Justice Center, 8th Floor
1200 Ontario Street
Cleveland, Ohio 44113
LARRY A. JONES, SR., P.J.:
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Ronelle Davis appeals the imposition of a mandatory
fine, imposed after he pleaded guilty to one count of drug trafficking. For the reasons
that follow, we reverse and vacate.
{¶2} In 2012, Ronelle Davis was charged in a four-count indictment with
trafficking in drugs, possession of drugs, illegal conveyance into a detention facility, and
possessing criminal tools. The facts that gave rise to the charges were as follows.
Davis was arrested after the police observed him driving while rolling a marijuana
cigarette. Once Davis entered county jail, he informed the guard that he had drugs on
him; the guard recovered 27 grams of crack cocaine from Davis’s underwear.
{¶3} In March 2013, Davis pleaded guilty to a single amended count of drug
trafficking, in violation of R.C. 2925.03, a felony of the third degree, and agreed to forfeit
a scale and $149. The trial court sentenced him to 18 months in prison and imposed a
mandatory fine of $5,000.
{¶4} Davis appeals, raising the following assignment of error for our review:
I. The trial court abused its discretion in imposing a mandatory fine when
the evidence demonstrated a present inability to pay the fine.
{¶5} A trial court’s decision to impose a fine is reviewed for an abuse of
discretion. State v. Williams, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 92419, 2009-Ohio-5964, ¶ 5.
To constitute an abuse of discretion, the ruling must be more than legal error; it must be
unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St. 3d 217,
219, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983).
{¶6} Pursuant to R.C. 2929.18(A)(3)(c), a trial court may impose a fine of not
more than $10,000 for a third degree felony conviction. R.C. 2929.18(B)(1) requires the
trial court to impose a mandatory minimum fine of one-half of the maximum fine for
felony drug offenses of the first, second, or third degree. But R.C. 2929.18(B)(1) further
states:
If an offender alleges in an affidavit filed with the court prior to sentencing
that the offender is indigent and unable to pay the mandatory fine and if the
court determines the offender is an indigent person and is unable to pay the
mandatory fine described in this division, the court shall not impose the
mandatory fine upon the offender.
{¶7} Thus, imposition of the mandatory fine is required unless (1) the offender’s
affidavit is filed prior to sentencing, and (2) the trial court finds that the offender is an
indigent person and is unable to pay the mandatory fines. Williams at ¶ 8, citing State v.
Gipson, 80 Ohio St. 3d 626, 634, 687 N.E.2d 750 (1998); R.C. 2929.18(B)(1). As to the
trial court’s findings, “there are no express factors that must be taken into consideration
or findings regarding the offender’s ability to pay that must be made on the record.”
State v. Martin, 140 Ohio App. 3d 326, 338, 747 N.E.2d 318 (4th Dist.2000). Before
imposing a financial sanction under R.C. 2929.18, the court must also consider the
offender’s present and future ability to pay the amount of the sanction or fine. See R.C.
2929.19(B)(6).
{¶8} In this case, Davis filed two affidavits of indigency prior to his sentencing
hearing. He averred that he was unemployed, had no alternative source of income, did
not own any real property, and did not have a vehicle titled in his name. The trial court
rejected Davis’s claim that he would not be able to pay the mandatory fine, stating “the
court is not saying at this point that [Davis] is permanently unable to pay that fine.”
{¶9} The state cites to State v. Ficklin, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99191,
2013-Ohio-3002, to support its position that the trial court correctly imposed the
mandatory fine, but we find the case distinguishable. The appellant in Ficklin owned
multiple rental properties. Although the appellant also had multiple mortgages and
significant personal debt, the Ficklin court noted that appellant’s rental properties would
continue to generate income while he was in prison, some of the property he owned was
not “underwater,” and the appellant had been able to make recent payments on his debt.
Id. at ¶ 23.
{¶10} Davis, on the other hand, averred that he was unemployed, had no
alternative source of income, owned no real property, and did not have a car. The record
further reflects that Davis must overcome other obstacles once he is released from prison
in order to pay his $5,000 fine. At 23 years old, he has a felony conviction and a
previous criminal record dating back to when he was a juvenile, which includes
convictions for weapons and drug offenses. Prior to being sentenced on the current
offense, Davis lived with his mother, who supported him, but also has a daughter. He
has a ninth grade education, has not earned his GED, has a suspended drivers license, and
abused marijuana and cocaine, which he started using as a teenager. These factors,
while arguably a result of his own choices, are all impediments to his obtaining gainful
employment once he is released from prison.
{¶11} The evidence before the court was that Davis was unable and would be
unable to pay the fine. We agree with the Williams court that “the mere possibility that
an offender may be able to pay the fine in the future is not a proper basis on which to find
that a defendant is not indigent.” Williams, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 92419,
2009-Ohio-5964, at ¶ 12. As the court noted, “if the fine was imposed, [the appellant]
may feel compelled to return to a life of crime in order to pay the mandatory fine once he
is released from prison.” Id. at ¶ 11, fn. 1.
{¶12} Based on the specific facts of this case, we conclude the trial court abused
its discretion in imposing a fine on Davis.
{¶13} The sole assignment of error is sustained.
{¶14} Accordingly, the part of Davis’s sentence ordering him to pay a mandatory
fine of $5,000 is vacated. The case is remanded to the trial court to modify the
sentencing entry.
It is ordered that appellant recover from appellee costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common
pleas court to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of
the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
LARRY A. JONES, SR., PRESIDING JUDGE
MARY EILEEN KILBANE, J., CONCURS;
EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, J., DISSENTS
WITH SEPARATE OPINION
EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, J., DISSENTING:
{¶15} I respectfully dissent from my learned colleagues. I would affirm the
judgment of the trial court based on this court’s analysis in State v. Ficklin, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 99191, 2013-Ohio-3002, and the Ohio Supreme Court’s decision in State
v. Gipson, 80 Ohio St. 3d 626, 634, 687 N.E.2d 750 (1998).
{¶16} In Ficklin, we held that when determining whether a defendant is “indigent
and is unable to pay,” the trial court is to consider both present and future ability to pay.
Id. at ¶ 13. When considering a defendant’s ability to pay, “[t]here are no express
factors that must be taken into consideration nor specific findings that must be made by
the court on the record, but there must be some evidence in the record that the trial court
considered the defendant’s ability to pay.” State v. Schneider, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No.
96953, 2012-Ohio-1740, ¶ 10, quoting State v. Jacobs, 189 Ohio App. 3d 283,
2010-Ohio-4010, 938 N.E.2d 79, ¶ 11 (8th Dist.)
{¶17} In the present instance Davis was 23 years old at the time of sentencing and
was sentenced to only 18 months in prison. I disagree with the majority’s conclusion
that an able-bodied young man is unable to obtain gainful employment such that he is
unable to pay the mandatory fine. The trial court is in the best position to evaluate the
totality of the circumstances regarding Davis’ future ability to pay and under the present
circumstances I cannot conclude that the trial court abused its discretion.