State v. Johnson , 2013 Ohio 4680 ( 2013 )

[Cite as State v. Johnson, 2013-Ohio-4680.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
)ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF SUMMIT )
STATE OF OHIO C.A. No. 26788
Appellee
v. APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
ENTERED IN THE
LARRY W. JOHNSON COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO
Appellant CASE No. CR 12 05 1240
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: October 23, 2013
BELFANCE, Judge.
{¶1} Defendant-Appellant Larry Johnson appeals from his sentencing entry issued by
the Summit County Court of Common Pleas. For the reasons set forth below, we affirm in part,
and reverse in part.
I.
{¶2} Mr. Johnson was indicted in May 2012 on one count of rape in violation of R.C.
2907.02(A)(2), a felony of the first degree, two counts of sexual battery in violation of R.C.
2907.03(A)(5), one a felony of the second degree and one a felony of the third degree, one count
of gross sexual imposition in violation of R.C. 2907.05(A)(4), a felony of the third degree, and
one count of gross sexual imposition in violation of R.C. 2907.05(A)(1), a felony of the fourth
degree. The victim of the alleged charges, A.R., was born July 8, 1997. The dates of the alleged
offenses ranged from December 2007 to August 2010.
2
{¶3} Mr. Johnson pleaded guilty to rape as contained in count one of the indictment
and gross sexual imposition as contained in count three of the indictment. The remaining counts
were dismissed. A presentence investigation report (“PSI report”) was prepared and utilized by
the trial court at sentencing. Mr. Johnson was sentenced to 11 years in prison on the rape charge
and 5 years in prison on the gross sexual imposition charge. The trial court ordered that the
sentences were to be served consecutively and were also to be served consecutively to Mr.
Johnson’s sentence in another case.
{¶4} Mr. Johnson filed a motion for a delayed appeal, which this Court granted. He
now raises a single assignment of error for our review.
II.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN
SENTENCING THE APPELLANT TO THE MAXIMUM PRISON TERM.
{¶5} Mr. Johnson asserts in his sole assignment of error that the trial court abused its
discretion by sentencing him to maximum consecutive sentences for rape and gross sexual
imposition. We agree in part.
{¶6} This Court reviews sentences pursuant to the two-step approach set forth in State
v. Kalish, 120 Ohio St. 3d 23, 2008-Ohio-4912.
First, [we] must examine the sentencing court’s compliance with all applicable
rules and statutes in imposing the sentence to determine whether the sentence is
clearly and convincingly contrary to law. If this first prong is satisfied, the trial
court’s decision in imposing the term of imprisonment is reviewed under the
abuse-of-discretion standard.
Id. at ¶ 26.
{¶7} The Ohio Supreme Court held in State v. Foster, 109 Ohio St. 3d 1, 2006-Ohio-
856, paragraph seven of the syllabus, that “[t]rial courts have full discretion to impose a prison
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sentence within the statutory range and are no longer required to make findings or give their
reasons for imposing maximum * * * sentences.” “[N]evertheless, in exercising its discretion,
the court must carefully consider the statutes that apply to every felony case. Those include R.C.
2929.11, which specifies the purposes of sentencing, and R.C. 2929.12, which provides guidance
in considering factors relating to the seriousness of the offense and recidivism of the offender.”
State v. Mathis, 109 Ohio St. 3d 54, 2006–Ohio–855, ¶ 38.
{¶8} Mr. Johnson does not contend that the trial court committed any legal error.
However, after examining the appropriate statutes, we conclude that Mr. Johnson’s 11-year
sentence for violating R.C. 2907.02(A)(2) is clearly and convincingly contrary to law because he
committed the offense prior to the effective date of 2011 Am.Sub.H.B. 86, which increased the
maximum penalty for first-degree felonies from ten to eleven years. See also 2011 Am.Sub.H.B.
86, Section 4 (“The amendment[] to * * * division (A) of section 2929.14 of the Revised Code
that [is] made in this act appl[ies] to a person who commits an offense specified or penalized
under th[at] section[] on or after the effective date of this section and to a person to whom
division (B) of section 1.58 of the Revised Code makes the amendment[] applicable.”). Thus, at
the time Mr. Johnson violated R.C. 2907.02(A)(2), in August 2010, the maximum penalty for a
first-degree felony was ten years. See former R.C. 2929.14(A). Accordingly, to the extent the
trial court exceeded the maximum statutory range, we sustain Mr. Johnson’s assignment of error
and remand the matter so that Mr. Johnson can be resentenced for his violation of R.C.
2907.02(A)(2) within the applicable range. As it is unclear if the trial court will impose the
maximum sentence for Mr. Johnson’s rape conviction when it resentences him, any evaluation of
the propriety of the imposition of a maximum sentence for his rape conviction is premature.
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{¶9} With respect to Mr. Johnson’s sentence for his violation of R.C. 2907.05(A)(4),
there is no dispute that the trial court sentenced Mr. Johnson within the statutory range by
sentencing Mr. Johnson to the maximum sentence of five years. See R.C. 2929.14(A)(3).1 Thus,
the term of Mr. Johnson’s sentence is not clearly and convincingly contrary to law on that basis.
Additionally, the trial court included in its sentencing entry that it considered the record, the oral
statements made at sentencing, and R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12 in sentencing Mr. Johnson. The
trial court stated that, “in forming a sentence, [the Court has] to determine and apply the
principles and purposes of felony sentencing. The Court is required to evaluate both the
seriousness of the crime and the recidivism factors.” See Mathis at ¶ 38. The trial court then
went on to discuss the seriousness and recidivism factors involved in felony sentencing as they
applied to the instant matter. See R.C. 2929.12. Much of the information discussed was
contained in the PSI report that has been made part of the record on appeal.
{¶10} With respect to the factors involving the seriousness of the crime, the trial court
noted that the charges to which Mr. Johnson pleaded guilty involved his step-granddaughter and
that the incidents occurred when she was 13-years-old or younger. See R.C. 2929.12(B)(1),(6).
Additionally, the trial court pointed out that Mr. Johnson’s statements discussed in the PSI report
indicate that the sexual abuse happened on more than just the occasions to which he pleaded
guilty. The trial court indicated that, while Mr. Johnson expressed remorse at the sentencing
hearing, he did not seem to have an appreciation for what his conduct has done to the victim, see
R.C. 2929.12(B)(2), and had also previously expressed statements that could be seen as blaming
1
The current and potentially applicable prior versions of R.C. 2929.14(A)(3) provide that
the maximum sentence for a third-degree felony violation of R.C. 2907.05(A)(4) is five years.
5
the victim. Accordingly, the trial court appeared to not find Mr. Johnson’s remorse to be
genuine. See R.C. 2929.12(D)(5). Ultimately, the trial court found that all the factors that would
indicate Mr. Johnson was likely to recidivate applied. In considering the likelihood of
recidivism, the trial court found that Mr. Johnson committed the rape while he was under a court
sanction, see R.C. 2929.12(D)(1), had a history of criminal convictions, see R.C. 2929.12(D)(2),
has not responded favorably to court-imposed sanctions, see R.C. 2929.12(D)(3), and has had a
pattern of drug and alcohol abuse related to the offense, see R.C. 2929.12(D)(4). The trial court
also indicated that it reviewed the PSI report, as did defense counsel and the prosecution.
Neither side made any assertions that the PSI report was inaccurate. The PSI report reflects that
Mr. Johnson has a long term history of drug use which included heroin and crack cocaine, as
well as alcohol abuse. The assaults occurred when Mr. Johnson was intoxicated, and Mr.
Johnson acknowledged that he was unable to control himself around the victim when he was
intoxicated. Despite prior attempts through rehabilitation programming, Mr. Johnson continued
to relapse.
{¶11} Additionally, the PSI report lists Mr. Johnson’s fairly extensive criminal history
and also includes a competency evaluation by a psychologist which details Mr. Johnson’s history
of mental illness. The psychologist who evaluated Mr. Johnson diagnosed him with pedophilia,
polysubstance dependence, a mood disorder, and a personality disorder not otherwise specified
with borderline traits.
{¶12} Mr. Johnson’s main argument seems to be that the trial court failed to consider
Mr. Johnson’s long standing mental health problems and drug history in mitigation. See R.C.
2929.12(C)(4) (“There are substantial grounds to mitigate the offender’s conduct, although the
grounds are not enough to constitute a defense.”). The trial court was presented with a
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substantial amount of information about Mr. Johnson’s long history of mental illness and drug
use. Some of that information indicated that at least a portion of Mr. Johnson’s mental health
issues were related to his substance abuse. Moreover, there was information in the record
indicating that, while Mr. Johnson had received treatment for his substance abuse problems on
multiple occasions, he nevertheless continued to use drugs, including during treatment. There is
nothing in the record which would indicate that the trial court failed to take Mr. Johnson’s
history of mental illness and substance abuse into account when fashioning a sentence. The trial
court could have reasonably concluded, upon taking all the factors into account and weighing
them and in considering the principles and purposes of sentencing, that a maximum sentence was
warranted. In light of the record before this Court, we cannot say the trial court abused its
discretion in imposing the maximum sentences for the charges at issue.
{¶13} Mr. Johnson also challenges the imposition of consecutive sentences. However,
in light of our remand for resentencing on Mr. Johnson’s rape conviction, we conclude that any
argument concerning consecutive sentences is not ripe for review. Mr. Johnson’s assignment of
error is sustained in part and overruled in part.
III.
{¶14} In light of the foregoing, we reverse the judgment of the Summit County Court of
Common Pleas to the extent it imposed an 11-year sentence for Mr. Johnson’s rape conviction
and remand for resentencing on this charge. Mr. Johnson’s remaining arguments are overruled.
Judgment affirmed in part,
reversed in part,
and cause remanded.
There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
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We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common
Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy
of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of
judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the
period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is
instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the
mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
Costs taxed equally to both parties.
EVE V. BELFANCE
FOR THE COURT
MOORE, P. J.
CARR, J.
CONCUR.
APPEARANCES:
RODNEY A. BACA, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.
SHERRI BEVAN WALSH, Prosecuting Attorney, and HEAVEN DIMARTINO, Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.