State v. Miller , 2012 Ohio 5964 ( 2012 )

[Cite as State v. Miller, 2012-Ohio-5964.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO, : APPEAL NO. C-120109
TRIAL NO. B-1008051
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
vs. :
O P I N I O N.
BRENDA MILLER, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
Criminal Appeal From: Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas
Judgment Appealed From Is: Affirmed in Part, Reversed in Part, and Cause Remanded
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: December 19, 2012
Joseph T. Deters, Hamilton County Prosecuting Attorney, and Paula E. Adams, Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, for Plaintiff-Appellee,
Michaela M. Stagnaro, for Defendant-Appellant.
Please note: This case has been removed from the accelerated calendar.
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
S YLVIA S IEVE H ENDON , Judge.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Brenda Miller appeals the judgment of the Hamilton
County Court of Common Pleas convicting her of two counts of rape of young boys.
The Background Facts
{¶2} At trial, two boys, E.E. and L.R., testified that when they were 11 years old,
they had had a sexual encounter at E.E.’s home with the 20-year-old Miller. At the time,
Miller had been staying at the home with her father.
{¶3} The boys were playing football in E.E.’s living room when Miller told them
that they were not tackling each other properly. Miller began to wrestle with the boys and to
touch their genital areas. She allowed them to touch her buttocks.
{¶4} Miller went to the basement, retrieved an air mattress, and brought it to the
living room. Miller lay on the mattress and told the boys to lie down on either side of her.
Miller began to rub her buttocks against L.R. She pretended to be asleep as she pulled down
her pants.
{¶5} At one point, Miller did a “bridge” with her body, where she bent her body
backwards, put her hands on the ground, and pushed her body upward. E.E. had vaginal
intercourse with Miller. Then Miller engaged in fellatio with L.R. L.R. said that his penis
began to hurt so he stopped and walked away.
{¶6} L.R. denied having had vaginal intercourse with Miller, although E.E. testified
that he had seen L.R. have vaginal intercourse with her.
{¶7} Miller told the boys that she had gotten her sexual behavior from her mother
and that she had been doing it since she was little.
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
{¶8} E.E. testified that the event had occurred in 2009 between Thanksgiving and
Christmas, a month before L.R.’s birthday. According to L.R., it had occurred “like
December,” just before his January birthday. The boys did not report what happened to
them at the time.
{¶9} According to E.E.’s mother, Miller’s father had lived in her home in the fall of
2009, but he had moved from there by December 1, 2009. She testified that Miller had
stayed with her father between Thanksgiving and the first of December.
{¶10} E.E.’s mother testified that in August 2010, L.R. told her what had happened
to him and to E.E. The mother reported the abuse to the police.
{¶11} On August 23, 2010, E.E. was evaluated at Children’s Hospital. He reported
to a social worker there that the sexual encounter had occurred in April 2010.
{¶12} E.E.’s mother testified that when they returned from the hospital, Miller
knocked on her door. Miller told her that she was sorry for what she had done, and
admitted “to doing the back bridge showing her body parts to the kids.” Miller told her that
she had been molested and that that was the reason for her behavior.
{¶13} On October 4, 2010, L.R. was evaluated at the hospital. He reported that the
offense had occurred about 11 months to a year earlier.
{¶14} For the defense, Miller’s grandfather testified that “sometime between the
end of November and the first week in December,” Miller had come to stay at his home in
Columbus, Ohio. He recalled that Miller had arrived at his home on December 5, 2009. She
stayed with him for two weeks, and then lived with an uncle in Columbus until she returned
to his home on December 28, 2009.
{¶15} Miller was indicted for three counts of rape occurring between December 1
and 31, 2009. The first count alleged that she had engaged in vaginal intercourse with E.E.
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
The second and third counts alleged that she had engaged in vaginal intercourse and fellatio
with L.R.
{¶16} Defense counsel filed a suggestion of incompetency pursuant to R.C. 2945.37,
and the court ordered Miller to undergo a competency evaluation. After reviewing a report
prepared by a court-appointed psychologist, the court found Miller competent to stand trial.
{¶17} Following a jury trial, Miller was convicted of the first and third counts of
rape, and was acquitted of the second count which had alleged vaginal intercourse with L.R.
The trial court sentenced her to ten years to life in prison.
Ineffective Assistance of Counsel
{¶18} In her first assignment of error, Miller argues that she was denied the
effective assistance of trial counsel. Specifically, she contends that she was prejudiced by
counsel’s failure to enter a plea of not guilty by reason of insanity (“NGRI”).
{¶19} Reversal of a conviction for ineffective assistance requires that the defendant
show that counsel’s performance was deficient and that the deficient performance
prejudiced the defense. See Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S.Ct. 2052,
80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984); State v. Bradley, 42 Ohio St.3d 136, 538 N.E.2d 373 (1989),
paragraph two of the syllabus. To show that a defendant has been prejudiced by counsel’s
deficient performance, the defendant must prove that there exists a reasonable probability
that, were it not for counsel’s errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different.
Strickland at 684; Bradley at paragraph three of the syllabus.
{¶20} Trial counsel’s representation is presumed effective, Strickland at 690, and
this presumption is not overcome here. The failure to pursue an insanity defense is not, per
se, ineffective assistance of counsel. See State v. Decker, 28 Ohio St.3d 137, 502 N.E.2d 6474
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
(1986); State v. Sneed, 63 Ohio St.3d 3, 584 N.E.2d 1160 (1992). Nor is counsel’s pursuit of
a defense that proves to be unsuccessful. See State v. Frazier, 61 Ohio St.3d 247, 255, 574
N.E.2d 483 (1991).
{¶21} A person is not guilty of an offense by reason of insanity only if she proves
that, at the time of the commission of the offense, she did not know, as a result of a severe
mental disease or defect, the wrongfulness of her acts. R.C. 2901.01(A)(14). Miller
contends that she may have been able to establish the insanity defense. She points to
language in the competency evaluation report indicating that she had previously been
diagnosed as schizophrenic, that she had reported experiencing auditory hallucinations, and
that she functioned in the borderline range of intelligence.
{¶22} Defense counsel may have had legitimate tactical grounds for not pursuing
an insanity defense. At trial, Miller presented an alibi defense, which would have been
inconsistent with an insanity defense, and could have confused the jury. See State v.
Robinson, 2d Dist. No. 17393, 2001 Ohio App. LEXIS 238 (Jan. 26, 2001). Moreover, an
NGRI defense is an affirmative one that Miller would have had to prove by a preponderance
of the evidence. See State v. Taylor, 98 Ohio St.3d 27, 2002-Ohio-7017, 781 N.E.2d 72; see
also R.C. 2901.05; R.C. 2901.01(A)(14). Defense counsel may well have foregone the
presentation of an insanity defense to deprive the state of an opportunity to impeach Miller
with damaging information from the report of her mental condition. See State v. Wilkins,
5th Dist. No. 95-CA-74, 1996 Ohio App. LEXIS 3800 (Aug. 5, 1996), citing State v. Cooey,
46 Ohio St.3d 20, 544 N.E.2d 895 (1989). Where, as here, “there is no showing that counsel
did not research the facts or the law, or that he was ignorant of a crucial defense, * * * [we
will] defer to counsel's judgment in the matter.” State v. Clayton, 62 Ohio St.2d 45, 402
N.E.2d 1189 (1980), citing People v. Miller, 7 Cal.3d 562, 573-574, 498 P.2d 1089 (1972).
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
{¶23} Because counsel’s decision not to pursue an NGRI defense was reasonable
under the circumstances, Miller cannot demonstrate that counsel’s performance was
deficient. We overrule the first assignment of error.
Weight and Sufficiency of the Evidence
{¶24} In her second assignment of error, Miller challenges the weight and
sufficiency of the evidence upon which her convictions were based. In a challenge to the
sufficiency of the evidence, the question is whether after reviewing the evidence in the light
most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found all the essential
elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d 259, 574
N.E.2d 492 (1991), paragraph two of the syllabus. In reviewing a challenge to the weight of
the evidence, we sit as a “thirteenth juror.” State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 387,
678 N.E.2d 541 (1997). We must review the entire record, weigh the evidence, consider the
credibility of the witnesses, and determine whether the trier of fact clearly lost its way and
created a manifest miscarriage of justice. Id.{¶25} To find Miller guilty of rape, in violation of R.C. 2907.02(A)(1)(b), the jury
had to find that Miller had purposely engaged in sexual conduct with a child under the age
of 13, whether or not she knew the age of the victim. “Sexual conduct” includes vaginal
intercourse and fellatio. R.C. 2907.01(A). Following our review of the record, we have no
doubt that a rational juror, viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the state, could
have found that the state had proved that Miller had committed the rape offenses.
Therefore, the evidence presented was legally sufficient to sustain Miller’s convictions.
{¶26} Miller argues that the victims’ testimony lacked credibility because they did
not report the offenses for months, their testimony conflicted in certain respects, and the
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
testimony with respect to the date of the offenses was confusing. However, the weight to be
given the evidence and the credibility of witnesses are primarily for the trier of fact. See
State v. DeHass, 10 Ohio St.2d 230, 227 N.E.2d 212 (1967), paragraph one of the syllabus.
This is not an “ ‘exceptional case in which the evidence weighs heavily against the
conviction.’ ” See Thompkins at 387, quoting State v. Martin, 20 Ohio App.3d 172, 175, 485
N.E.2d 717 (1st Dist.1983). We conclude that the jury neither lost its way nor created a
miscarriage of justice in finding Miller guilty. We overrule the second assignment of error.
Sentencing
{¶27} In her third assignment of error, Miller argues that the trial court erred by
failing to properly advise her at the sentencing hearing regarding postrelease control. The
state concedes this error.
{¶28} As the state points out, R.C. 2967.28(B) requires the inclusion of a mandatory
postrelease-control term of five years for each prison sentence for felonies of the first degree
and felony sex offenses. See State ex rel. Carnail v. McCormick, 126 Ohio St.3d 124, 2010-
Ohio-2671, 931 N.E.2d 110. This is true even for an offender who receives an indefinite or
life sentence. Id. at ¶ 20.
{¶29} Miller was convicted of rape in violation of R.C. 2907.02, which is both a first-
degree felony and a felony sex offense. R.C. 2907.02(B); R.C. 2967.28(A)(3). Therefore,
R.C. 2967.28(B) required that a five-year term of postrelease control be included in her
sentence. Consequently, we sustain the third assignment of error.
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
Conclusion
{¶30} Therefore, we affirm the trial court’s judgment with respect to the findings of
guilt. But we remand the matter to the trial court for the proper imposition of postrelease
control under R.C. 2929.191. In all other respects, the judgment of the trial court is
affirmed.
Affirmed in part, reversed in part, and cause remanded.
HILDEBRANDT, P.J., and DINKELACKER, J., concur.
Please note:
The court has recorded its own entry on the date of the release of this opinion.
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