In re M.C. , 2016 Ohio 8294 ( 2016 )

[Cite as In re M.C., 2016-Ohio-8294.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
SCIOTO COUNTY
IN THE MATTER OF : Case No. 16CA3755
M.C., A.C., AND J.C. : DECISION AND
Adjudicated Dependent Children JUDGMENT ENTRY
:
RELEASED: 12/19/16
APPEARANCES:
Robert M. Johnson, Portsmouth, Ohio, for appellant.
David M. Huddleston, New Boston, Ohio, for appellee.
Harsha, J.
{¶1} Nicole Blackburn and Jason Campbell are the parents of three minor
children, M.C., A.C., and J.C. After the trial court adjudicated the children to be
dependent, the Scioto County Children Services Board (“board”), filed a motion for
permanent custody. The trial court conducted a hearing on the motion and granted it.
{¶2} Blackburn initially asserts that the trial court failed to comply with the R.C.
2151.414(A)(2) time requirements by not holding the permanent custody hearing within
120 days of the board’s filing of the motion for permanent custody, and by not ruling on
the motion within 200 days of its filing, thereby depriving her of due process. We reject
Blackburn’s assertion because the trial court properly continued the hearing for good
cause; and R.C. 2151.414(A)(2) expressly states that the failure to meet these
deadlines does not provide a basis for attacking the jurisdiction of the court or the
validity of any order. The availability of the writ of procedendo satisfies any due process
concerns.
Scioto App. No. 16CA3755 2
{¶3} Blackburn next contends that her trial counsel’s failure to object to the trial
court’s violations of R.C. 2151.414(A)(2) constituted ineffective assistance. Because
she has not established that her counsel’s failure to object on this basis constituted
deficient performance or prejudiced her, we reject her contention.
{¶4} Therefore, we affirm the judgment of the trial court awarding permanent
custody of the children to the board.
I. FACTS
{¶5} After Blackburn and Campbell went to prison for their convictions for child
endangerment, their children were placed in the home of their paternal aunt and her
son. In November 2014, the board filed a complaint in the Scioto County Court of
Common Pleas, Juvenile Division requesting temporary custody because the children
were allegedly abused and dependent. The trial court granted temporary emergency
custody of the children to the board. In March 2015, by agreement of the parties, the
trial court adjudicated the children to be dependent and continued the award of
temporary custody of the children to the board.
{¶6} In August 2015, the board filed a motion for permanent custody of the
children. The board noted that Blackburn and Campbell were in prison for child
endangerment of their children, that they had prior child endangerment convictions
regarding the two older children, and that they were not due for release from prison until
April 2017. The trial court scheduled a hearing on the motion for October 1, 2015. On
September 30, the day before the scheduled hearing, Lois Rhea, the paternal
grandmother of the children, filed a petition for custody of the children.
Scioto App. No. 16CA3755 3
{¶7} The trial court granted the parents’ motion to continue the hearing on the
board’s motion for permanent custody so that the guardian ad litem and the board could
investigate Rhea’s request for custody. It rescheduled the matter for hearing on
December 7, 2015. However, on that date the trial court continued the hearing because
Campbell had not been transported from prison to attend the hearing as ordered by the
court. The trial court rescheduled the matter for March 7, 2016.
{¶8} Following the hearing the trial court entered a judgment on March 30,
2016 awarding permanent custody of the children to the board. The trial court found
that both parents had been convicted of twice committing abuse against their two older
children and once committing abuse against their youngest child, that the likelihood of
recurrence created a significant threat to the children’s safety, and that due to their
incarceration, the parents could not begin to repair their relationships with the children
for quite some time. The court determined that it was in the best interests of the
children to grant permanent custody to the board.
II. ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
{¶9} Blackburn assigns the following errors for our review:
I. THE TRIAL COURT FAILED TO COMPLY WITH O.R.C.
2151.414(A)(2) BY NOT HOLDING THE PERMANENT CUSTODY
HEARING WITHIN 120 DAYS OF THE FILING OF THE MOTION FOR
PERMANENT CUSTODY AND BY NOT ISSUING AN ORDER
REGARDING PERMANENT CUSTODY WITHIN 200 DAYS OF THE
FILING OF THE MOTION FOR PERMANENT CUSTODY, THEREBY
DEPRIVING APPELLANT OF DUE PROCESS.
II. THE ACTS OR OMISSIONS OF TRIAL COUNSEL FOR APPELLANT
DEPRIVED HER OF THE EFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL.
III. LAW AND ANALYSIS
A. R.C. 2151.414(A)(2) Time Periods
Scioto App. No. 16CA3755 4
{¶10} In her first assignment of error Blackburn asserts that the trial court erred
by failing to comply with the R.C. 2151.414(A)(2) time requirements to conduct a
hearing and to issue a ruling on a motion for permanent custody.
{¶11} R.C. 2151.414(A)(2) provides:
The court shall hold the hearing scheduled pursuant to division (A)(1) of
this section not later than one hundred twenty days after the agency files
the motion for permanent custody, except that, for good cause shown, the
court may continue the hearing for a reasonable period of time beyond the
one-hundred-twenty-day deadline. The court shall issue an order that
grants, denies, or otherwise disposes of the motion for permanent
custody, and journalize the order, not later than two hundred days after
the agency files the motion.
***
The failure of the court to comply with the time periods set forth in division
(A)(2) of this section does not affect the authority of the court to issue any
order under this chapter and does not provide any basis for attacking the
jurisdiction of the court or the validity of any order of the court.
{¶12} R.C. 2151.414(A)(2) generally requires that the permanent custody
hearing be held within 120 days of the date the agency files the motion for permanent
custody, and that the trial court issue an order disposing of the motion within 200 days
after the filing of the motion. The trial court held the hearing on the board’s motion for
permanent custody 216 days after the motion was filed and ruled on the motion 239
days after the filing date.
{¶13} Nevertheless, R.C. 2151.414(A)(2) provides that the trial court may
continue the hearing for good cause shown. Here the trial court initially did so based on
the parents’ own motion for a continuance because of the children’s paternal
grandmother intervening petition for custody. The court also subsequently granted a
continuance because the father had not been transported from prison to the hearing
Scioto App. No. 16CA3755 5
scheduled in December 2015. Blackburn does not specifically contest the board’s claim
that the court properly continued the hearings.
{¶14} Moreover, even assuming that the trial court erred in continuing the
hearings on the board’s motion for permanent custody and in ruling on the motion, R.C.
2151.414(A)(2) expressly states that “[t]he failure of the court to comply with the time
periods set forth in division (A)(2) of this section does not affect the authority of the court
to issue any order under this chapter and does not provide any basis for attacking the
jurisdiction of the court or the validity of any order of the court.” Based on this express
language, courts, including this one, have held that these time periods are not
jurisdictional and that noncompliance with them do not warrant reversal or dismissal of a
permanent custody award. See In re M.W., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos. 98214 and 98215,
2012-Ohio-5075, ¶ 21 (“The final paragraph of R.C. 2151.414(A)(2) establishes that the
statutory time limits set forth in the first paragraph do not deprive the juvenile court of
jurisdiction to issue an order beyond those time frames”); In re M.W., 9th Dist. Wayne
No. 08CA0020, 2008-Ohio-4499, ¶ 24 (“Ohio courts have routinely held that these time
periods are not jurisdictional and do not require a reversal or dismissal”); In re B.L., 10th
Dist. Franklin No. 04AP-1108, 2005-Ohio-1151, ¶ 8 (“this court has previously held that
the failure to meet the 200-day timeframe contained in R.C. 2151.414(A)(2) does not
provide a basis for attacking the validity of the judgment”); In re Alberry, 4th Dist.
Hocking No. 05CA12, 2005-Ohio-6529, ¶ 28 (“Even if the trial court erred by permitting
the hearing to occur beyond the time period set forth in R.C. 2151.414(A)(2), that error
is not reversible”); In the Matter of Hare, 4th Dist. Scioto No. 97CA2532, 1998 WL
118039, *3 (Mar. 2, 1998) (“The two hundred (200) day time limit for deciding a motion
Scioto App. No. 16CA3755 6
for permanent custody under this statute simply cannot be used as a basis for reversing
the judgment below”).
{¶15} Because these time limits are directory rather than mandatory, the remedy
for a party aggrieved by a judge’s delay in conducting a hearing and ruling on a motion
for permanent custody is to petition an appellate court for a writ of procedendo to
compel action; a failure to do so constitutes a waiver of the issue for purposes of
appeal. M.W., 2012-Ohio-5075, at ¶ 22; see also In re M.G., 5th Dist. Richland No.
16CA18, 2016-Ohio-5256, ¶ 37. Blackburn did not seek a writ of procedendo or object
to any alleged delay by the trial court, nor did she raise a due process challenge below.
Thus, despite her attempt to frame her appeal in constitutional terms, she forfeited that
issue on appeal. Moreover, the availability of the procedendo remedy adequately
protects her due process rights. See, e.g., In re K.H., 5th Dist. Licking No. 13-CA-100,
2014-Ohio-1594, ¶ 17.
{¶16} Blackburn has not established a violation of R.C. 2151.414(A)(2) when
good cause existed for the trial court to continue the proceeding on the board’s motion
for permanent custody. And, she has not established entitlement to a remedy
warranting reversal of the trial court’s judgment when any purported violation of the
statute would not impact the validity of the court’s order, or the availability of a writ to
address her due process concerns. Therefore, we overrule her first assignment of
error.
B. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel
Scioto App. No. 16CA3755 7
{¶17} In her second assignment of error Blackburn contends that her trial
counsel provided ineffective assistance by failing to object to the trial court’s
noncompliance with the time requirements of R.C. 2151.414(A)(2).
{¶18} “ ‘The right to counsel, guaranteed in permanent custody proceedings by
R.C. 2151.352 and by Juv.R. 4, includes the right to the effective assistance of counsel.’
” In re K.M.D., 4th Dist. Ross No. 11CA3289, 2012-Ohio-755, ¶ 60, quoting In re
A.C.H., 4th Dist. Gallia No. 11CA2, 2011-Ohio-5595, ¶ 50. “ ‘Where the proceeding
contemplates the loss of parents’ ‘essential’ and ‘basic’ civil rights to raise their children,
* * * the test for ineffective assistance of counsel used in criminal cases is equally
applicable to actions seeking to force the permanent, involuntary termination of parental
custody.’ ” In re Wingo, 143 Ohio App.3d 652, 666, 758 N.E.2d 780 (4th Dist.2001),
quoting In re Heston, 129 Ohio App.3d 825, 827, 719 N.E.2d 93 (1st Dist.1998).
{¶19} The appellant must establish that counsel’s performance was deficient
and that the deficient performance prejudiced the defense so as to deprive the appellant
of a fair trial. See K.M.D. at ¶ 61. Deficient performance is performance falling below
an objective standard of reasonable representation, and prejudice is a reasonable
probability that, but for counsel’s errors, the result of the proceeding would have been
different. See, e.g., State v. Short, 129 Ohio St.3d 360, 2011-Ohio-3641, 952 N.E.2d
1121, ¶ 113; Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d
674 (1984).
{¶20} Blackburn argues that her trial counsel’s performance was deficient
because counsel failed to object to the trial court’s purported noncompliance with R.C.
2151.414(A)(2) and that this “clearly prejudiced” her because it denied her right to
Scioto App. No. 16CA3755 8
procedural due process. Blackburn’s argument is meritless. Her ineffective-assistance
claim is premised on the purported statutory and due process violations we rejected in
her first assignment of error. Counsel cannot be deficient for failing to assert a futile
claim. See Wellston v. Lambert, 4th Dist. Jackson No. 94CA743, 1995 WL 470157, *3
(Aug. 4, 1995) (“an unreported decision in another appellate district is not binding on
this Court”). Moreover, the solitary case she cites in support of her claim, In re Sox, 7th
Dist. Mahoning No. 06 MA 35, 2006-Ohio-7116, is not binding upon courts in this
district. See State v. Plymale, 4th Dist. Gallia No. 15CA1, 2016-Ohio-3340, ¶ 46.
{¶21} Notably, Blackburn and Campbell, the children’s parents, requested the
first continuance of the trial court’s hearing to give the guardian ad litem and the board
time to investigate the petition for custody of the children filed by Campbell’s mother.
And the second continuance was necessitated by the absence of Campbell from the
hearing. Instead of prejudicing Blackburn’s case, the additional time gave her and
Campbell more time to prepare for the permanent-custody proceeding. See M.G.,
2016-Ohio-5256, at ¶ 38 (“The additional time involved in the instant case allowed for a
full consideration of all the evidence presented, and appellant has not demonstrated
that the result of the proceeding would have been different had trial counsel filed a writ
to force an earlier hearing and decision”).
{¶22} Blackburn has not met her burden of proving that her trial counsel was
ineffective for failing to object to the court’s purported noncompliance with R.C.
2151.414(A)(2). In fact, the record establishes that the trial court complied with the
statute by continuing the matter for good cause. And the writ of procedendo was
available to satisfy her due process concerns. Given the facts here, counsel was not
Scioto App. No. 16CA3755 9
deficient in choosing not to file an application for the writ. We overrule Blackburn’s
second assignment of error.
IV. CONCLUSION
{¶23} The trial court’s permanent-custody award was not invalidated by any
claimed failure to comply with the time requirements of R.C. 2151.414(A)(2). Having
overruled Blackburn’s assignments of error, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.
JUDGMENT AFFIRMED.
Scioto App. No. 16CA3755 10
JUDGMENT ENTRY
It is ordered that the JUDGMENT IS AFFIRMED and that Appellant shall pay the
costs.
The Court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this Court directing the Scioto
County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, to carry this judgment into execution.
Any stay previously granted by this Court is hereby terminated as of the date of
this entry.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of
the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
Hoover, J.: Concurs in Judgment and Opinion.
McFarland, J.: Concurs in Judgment Only.
For the Court
BY: ________________________________
William H. Harsha, Judge
NOTICE TO COUNSEL
Pursuant to Local Rule No. 14, this document constitutes a final judgment
entry and the time period for further appeal commences from the date of filing
with the clerk.