State v. Smith , 2019 Ohio 5326 ( 2019 )

[Cite as State v. Smith, 2019-Ohio-5326.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
TENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
State of Ohio, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, : No. 19AP-341
(C.P.C. No. 89CR-1002)
v. :
(REGULAR CALENDAR)
Myron Smith, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
D E C I S I O N
Rendered on December 24, 2019
On brief: Ron O'Brien, Prosecuting Attorney, and Seth L.
Gilbert, for appellee.
On brief: Myron Smith, pro se.
APPEAL from the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas
LUPER SCHUSTER, J.
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, Myron Smith, appeals from a decision and entry of the
Franklin County Court of Common Pleas denying his motion for resentencing. For the
following reasons, we affirm.
I. Factual and Procedural Background
{¶ 2} By indictment filed March 7, 1989, plaintiff-appellee, State of Ohio, charged
Smith with three counts of aggravated murder in violation of R.C. 2903.01, unclassified
felonies (each with four death-penalty specifications); one count of aggravated robbery in
violation of R.C. 2911.01, a felony of the second degree; and one count of kidnapping in
violation of R.C. 2905.01, a felony of the first degree. All five charges related to the death
of Betty Calloway. A jury found Smith guilty on all counts and three of the four death-
penalty specifications attached to the aggravated murder counts (Counts 1, 2, and 3). The
jury recommended a sentence of 30 years to life in prison as to the aggravated murder
No. 19AP-341 2
counts. At the sentencing hearing, the court indicated its finding that Counts 1, 2, and 3
must merge for the purpose of sentencing, and thus it was imposing only one sentence for
that offense. The prosecution did not indicate a preference as to which of the aggravated
murder counts it sought to pursue. On December 5, 1989, the trial court entered judgment.
The court imposed a sentence of "LIFE imprisonment with no parole eligibility for a period
of THIRTY (30) full years as to Counts I, II and III (merging Counts)." (Entry at 2.) The
court also sentenced Smith to 10 to 25 years each on the aggravated robbery and kidnapping
counts, with these prison sentences to be served consecutively to each other and to the
aggravated murder sentence.
{¶ 3} Smith appealed, arguing that his conviction and sentence on the kidnapping
count was in error because that offense was an allied offense of similar import to the
aggravated robbery and aggravated murder charges. He also challenged a jury instruction
regarding proof of his state of mind in causing death. This court rejected Smith's jury
instruction challenge but agreed with his allied offense argument. Accordingly, this court
affirmed in part and reversed in part and remanded the matter to the trial court with
instructions to merge Smith's conviction for kidnapping with the other convictions, and to
sentence him accordingly. State v. Smith, 10th Dist. No. 90AP-6, 1990 Ohio App. LEXIS
3818 (Aug. 28, 1990) ("Smith I"). In May 1996, the trial court entered a "modified judgment
entry of conviction" vacating the conviction and sentence as to the kidnapping count and
noting that the "rest of the sentence imposed in the previously entered judgment of
conviction remains unchanged." (May 15, 1996 Entry at 1.) Smith did not appeal from the
modified sentencing entry.
{¶ 4} In September 2012, Smith filed a "motion for sentencing," alleging the trial
court's entry correcting his sentence should be vacated because he was not physically
present when the trial court corrected his sentence. In November 2012, Smith filed an
additional "motion for sentencing," contending that his sentence was void, must be vacated,
and he was entitled to a new sentencing hearing. In January 2013, the trial court denied
Smith's motions.
{¶ 5} Smith appealed from the denial of his "motion[s] for sentencing." In the
appeal, Smith's assignments of error "essentially challenge[d] the validity of the trial court's
1996 sentencing entry." State v. Smith, 10th Dist. No. 13AP-129, 2013-Ohio-4674, ¶ 7
No. 19AP-341 3
("Smith II"). This court determined that the doctrine of res judicata barred Smith's
arguments and therefore affirmed the trial court's judgment. Id. at ¶ 13.
{¶ 6} In March 2019, Smith filed a "motion for resentencing to correct sentence"
alleging the trial court erroneously imposed separate sentences on each of the three
aggravated murder counts. He asserted the trial court failed to properly merge these counts
involving allied offenses of similar import. In April 2019, the trial court denied Smith's
March 2019 motion.
{¶ 7} Smith timely appeals.
II. Assignments of Error
{¶ 8} Smith assigns the following errors for our review:
[1.] The trial court erred when it sentenced Mr. Smith to all
three counts of aggravated murder after finding them to be
allied offenses and calling for them to be merged for sentencing
purposes.
[2.] The trial court erred when it issued one over-arching
sentence for counts I, II, and III, thus issuing a sentencing –
package in violation of State v. Saxon, 2006-Ohio-1245, 846
N.E. 2d 824.
III. Discussion
{¶ 9} Smith's first assignment of error alleges the trial court erred in sentencing
him on all three counts of aggravated murder. He therefore contends the trial court, in
violation of R.C. 2941.25(A), convicted him of three allied offenses of similar import. This
assignment of error is not well-taken.
{¶ 10} R.C. 2941.25(A) provides that "[w]here the same conduct by defendant can
be construed to constitute two or more allied offenses of similar import, the indictment or
information may contain counts for all such offenses, but the defendant may be convicted
of only one." This statute "incorporates the constitutional protections against double
jeopardy. These protections generally forbid successive prosecutions and multiple
punishments for the same offense." State v. Whitfield, 124 Ohio St.3d 319, 2010-Ohio-2,
¶ 7. Pursuant to this framework, "[a]n accused may be tried for both [allied offenses of
similar import] but may be convicted and sentenced for only one. The choice is given to the
prosecution to pursue one offense or the other, and it is plainly the intent of the General
Assembly that the election may be of either offense." Maumee v. Geiger, 45 Ohio St.2d 238,
No. 19AP-341 4
244 (1976). A trial court "has a mandatory duty to merge the allied offenses by imposing a
single sentence, and the imposition of separate sentences for those offenses—even if
imposed concurrently—is contrary to law because of the mandate of R.C. 2941.25(A). In
the absence of a statutory remedy, those sentences are void." State v. Williams, 148 Ohio
St.3d 403, 2016-Ohio-7658, ¶ 28, citing State v. Singleton, 124 Ohio St.3d 173, 2009-Ohio-
6434, ¶ 25. "Void sentences * * * are subject to correction at any time irrespective of the
principles of res judicata or law of the case doctrine." State v. Banks, 10th Dist. No. 15AP-
653, 2015-Ohio-5372, ¶ 14.
{¶ 11} Smith asserts that the prosecution, not the trial court, has the power to
choose which offense will determine the sentence for allied offenses of similar import. He
reasons that because the prosecution in this case did not elect which of the aggravated
murder counts to pursue at sentencing, the trial court was without authority to merge those
counts. Thus, he argues the aggravated murder counts were not properly merged and
consequently he was convicted of all three counts in violation of R.C. 2941.25(A).
{¶ 12} We reject Smith's contention that the trial court imposed multiple sentences
for his aggravated murder of Betty Calloway. At the sentencing hearing, the trial court
stated its finding that the three aggravated murder counts must merge pursuant to
applicable law, and that it therefore was imposing one "term of life imprisonment with no
possibility of parole for thirty years." (Tr. at 220.) Consistent with this finding, the trial
court's sentencing entry states Smith must serve "a period of LIFE imprisonment with no
parole eligibility for a period of THIRTY (30) full years as to Counts I, II and III (merging
Counts)." (Entry at 2.) Thus, the trial court only imposed a single sentence for the
aggravated murder Counts 1, 2, and 3, as required pursuant to R.C. 2941.25(A).
Additionally, contrary to Smith's suggestion, the trial court's authority to merge those three
counts for the purpose of sentencing was not contingent on the prosecution electing which
of the three merged counts to pursue. While it is the right of the prosecution—and not the
offender—to choose which allied offense to pursue for the purpose of sentencing (and
conviction), the mandatory duty to only impose one sentence for allied offenses of similar
import remains with the court. See State v. Cruz-Altunar, 10th Dist. No. 18AP-951, 2019-
Ohio-2298, ¶ 26 ("[T]he right to elect the charge to pursue for sentencing is a right
belonging to the state of Ohio, not the offender.").
No. 19AP-341 5
{¶ 13} Accordingly, we overrule Smith's first assignment of error.
{¶ 14} In his second assignment of error, Smith contends the trial court erroneously
applied the "sentencing package doctrine." We disagree.
{¶ 15} The "sentencing package doctrine" is a federal doctrine that considers the
sanctions imposed on multiple offenses as the components of a single, comprehensive
sentencing plan. State v. Saxon, 109 Ohio St.3d 176, 2006-Ohio-1245, ¶ 5. Pursuant to this
doctrine, an error within the sentencing package as a whole, even if only on one of multiple
offenses, may require modification or vacation of the entire sentencing package due to the
interdependency of the sentences for each offense. Id. at ¶ 6, citing United States v.
Clements, 86 F.3d 599, 600-01 (6th Cir.1996). But this doctrine does not apply in Ohio
courts. In Saxon, the Supreme Court of Ohio expressly rejected application of the
sentencing package doctrine to Ohio's sentencing laws. See id. at paragraph two of the
syllabus ("The sentencing-package doctrine has no applicability to Ohio sentencing laws:
the sentencing court may not employ the doctrine when sentencing a defendant and
appellate courts may not utilize the doctrine when reviewing a sentence or sentences.").
{¶ 16} Smith generally argues the trial court employed the sentencing package
doctrine in imposing the 30 years to life sentence. Although Smith does not more fully
develop his sentencing package doctrine argument, he seems to reason that because the
trial court allegedly did not properly merge the aggravated murder counts, the 30 year to
life sentence constituted a bundled, multi-count sentence. This reasoning is flawed. As
discussed above, the trial court found Counts 1, 2, and 3 to be allied offenses of similar
import, and it only imposed a single sentence for Smith's aggravated murder of the victim.
Because the trial court did not employ the sentencing package doctrine, we overrule Smith's
second assignment of error.
IV. Disposition
{¶ 17} Having overruled Smith's first and second assignments of error, we affirm
the judgment of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas.
Judgment affirmed.
SADLER, J., concurs.
NELSON, J., concurs in part and dissents in part.
No. 19AP-341 6
NELSON, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part.
{¶ 18} I agree with everything in the majority opinion except that I think that R.C.
2941.25(A) and the cited precedents of the Supreme Court of Ohio mean that the trial court
needs to impose the sentence with regard to "only one" of the merged counts. Because I
can't tell from the entry which one count it is for which the merged sentence is imposed
(and, perhaps more importantly, which counts it is not), I respectfully dissent only to that
extent; I otherwise concur. My approach here might seem to elevate form over substance,
in that it would not necessitate modifying the actual prison time imposed, but I conclude
that the law does require formalities in sentencing to achieve the clarity I suggest.