State v. Patterson , 2019 Ohio 881 ( 2019 )

[Cite as State v. Patterson, 2019-Ohio-881.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
SEVENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
NOBLE COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
MICHAEL R. PATTERSON,
Defendant-Appellant.
OPINION AND JUDGMENT ENTRY
Case No. 18 NO 0462
Criminal Appeal from the
Court of Common Pleas of Noble County, Ohio
Case No. 218-2002
BEFORE:
Gene Donofrio, Cheryl L. Waite, Carol Ann Robb, Judges.
JUDGMENT:
Reversed and Remanded
Atty. Kelly Riddle, Prosecutor, 150 Courthouse, Caldwell, Ohio 43724, for Appellee-
Plaintiff, (No Brief Filed) and
Atty. Wesley Johnston, P.O. Box 6041, Youngstown, Ohio 44501, and Atty. John
Falgiani Jr., P.O. Box 8533, Warren, Ohio 44484, for Appellant-Defendant.
Dated:
March 8, 2019
–2–
Donofrio, J.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant, Michael Patterson, appeals his conviction in the
Noble County Common Pleas Court for assault on a corrections officer.
{¶2} Appellant is currently serving a prison sentence at Noble Correctional
Institution for an unrelated felony. While serving this sentence, it was alleged that
appellant placed a corrections officer in a choke hold to the point that the officer blacked
out or nearly blacked out. Another corrections officer managed to subdue appellant during
this incident.
{¶3} A Noble County Grand Jury indicted appellant on one count for assault on
a corrections officer in violation of R.C. 2903.13(C)(3), a third-degree felony. At
arraignment, appellant pled not guilty.
{¶4} Pursuant to a plea deal with plaintiff-appellee, the State of Ohio, appellant
later changed his plea to guilty. The trial court conducted a plea colloquy with appellant
and accepted his guilty plea. In the same hearing, the trial court sentenced appellant to
24 months of incarceration. This sentence was to run consecutive to the prison sentence
appellant was already serving at the time.
{¶5} Appellant’s change of plea and sentence were memorialized in a journal
entry dated February 1, 2018. Appellant filed a motion for a delayed appeal on April 4,
2018, which we sustained. Appellant now raises two assignments of error.
{¶6} Appellant’s first assignment of error states:
THE TRIAL COURT FAILED TO COMPLY WITH CRIMINAL RULE
11 IN ACCEPTING APPELLANT’S PLEA OF GUILTY.
{¶7} Appellant argues that the trial court made two errors during his plea
colloquy. First, the trial court failed to inform him of his right to have the state prove his
guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. Second, the trial court improperly advised him regarding
post-release control.
{¶8} Crim.R. 11(C) states that a trial court must make certain advisements prior
to accepting a defendant's guilty plea to ensure that the plea is entered into knowingly,
Case No. 18 NO 0462
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intelligently, and voluntarily. State v. Wright, 7th Dist. No. 09 MA 1, 2009–Ohio–4636, ¶
13. These advisements are typically divided into constitutional rights and non-
constitutional rights. Id.
{¶9} The constitutional rights are: (1) a jury trial; (2) confrontation of witnesses
against him; (3) the compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; (4) that the
state must prove the defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt at trial; and (5) that the
defendant cannot be compelled to testify against himself. Id., citing Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(c).
If the trial court fails to strictly comply with these requirements, the defendant's plea is
invalid. State v. Veney, 120 Ohio St. 3d 176, 2008–Ohio–5200, 897 N.E.2d 621, ¶ 31.
{¶10} The non-constitutional rights that the defendant must be informed of are: (1)
the nature of the charges; (2) the maximum penalty involved, which includes, if applicable,
an advisement on post-release control; (3) if applicable, that the defendant is not eligible
for probation or the imposition of community control sanctions; and (4) that after entering
a guilty plea or a no contest plea, the court may proceed directly to judgment and
sentencing. Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a)(b); Veney at ¶ 10–13, 897 N.E.2d 621; State v.
Sarkozy, 117 Ohio St. 3d 86, 2008–Ohio–509, 423 N.E.2d 1224, ¶ 19–26, (post-release
control is a non-constitutional advisement).
{¶11} For the non-constitutional rights, the trial court must substantially comply
with Crim.R. 11's mandates. State v. Nero, 56 Ohio St. 3d 106, 108, 564 N.E.2d 474
(1990). “Substantial compliance means that under the totality of the circumstances the
defendant subjectively understands the implications of his plea and the rights he is
waiving.” Veney at ¶ 15. Furthermore, a defendant who challenges his guilty plea on the
basis that the advisement for the non-constitutional rights did not substantially comply
with Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a)(b) must also show a prejudicial effect, meaning the plea would
not have been otherwise entered. Veney at ¶ 15.
{¶12} Regarding appellant’s constitutional advisements during the plea colloquy,
the trial court informed appellant of the following rights: the right against self-incrimination,
the right to a bench or jury trial, the right to confront witnesses against him, and the right
to subpoena witnesses to testify in his defense. (Tr. 2-4).
{¶13} The trial court did not inform appellant that he had the right to have the state
prove his guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. The phrase “beyond a reasonable doubt” is
Case No. 18 NO 0462
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not found in the change of plea and sentencing transcript. Strict compliance requires that
the trial court expressly advise the defendant of the constitutional rights he is waiving and
ensure that the defendant understands those rights. State v. Phipps, 10th Dist. No. 13AP-
640, 2014-Ohio-2905, ¶ 9, citing Veney, at ¶ 27. While the trial court advised appellant
that he “could put the State to its proof even if you don’t think you have a defense,” (Tr.
1), this advisement does not rise to the level of strict compliance with Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(c).
{¶14} Regarding appellant’s non-constitutional advisements, appellant argues
that the trial court incorrectly advised him about post-release control. Pursuant to R.C.
2967.28(B), a person convicted of a third-degree felony that is one of violence but not a
sex offense is subject to a mandatory three-year post-release control period.
{¶15} During the sentencing portion of the hearing, the trial court informed
appellant:
However you could still be placed on post release control. It’s not
mandatory. It is permissible and it could be imposed in this case for up to
three years and if it were imposed then there would be terms and conditions
that you have to abide by, certain things you’re going to be required to do,
certain things you’re not going to be allowed to do.
(Tr. 9).
{¶16} This advisement indicates that post-release control was discretionary.
Thus, the advisement during the hearing was improper. The trial court’s February 1, 2018
journal entry indicates appellant was advised that post-release control was mandatory.
The transcript, however, does not evidence this. While other parts of the record beyond
the transcript may be used to show substantial compliance with the non-constitutional
advisements of Crim.R. 11(C)(2), see State v. Dotson, 12th Dist. No. CA2007-11-025,
2008-Ohio-4695, ¶ 11-12, there are no other filings other than the final entry that indicate
appellant would have been placed on mandatory post-release control for three years. As
such, the trial court did not substantially comply with the non-constitutional advisements
of Crim.R. 11(C)(2).
{¶17} Appellant does not argue that his plea would not otherwise have been made
if he was properly notified of post-release control. Veney requires a prejudicial effect
Case No. 18 NO 0462
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before failing to advise a defendant of the non-constitutional rights requires reversal.
Regardless, the error regarding the post-release control advisement does not negate the
fact that the trial court did not strictly comply with the constitutional advisement as to proof
beyond a reasonable doubt during the plea colloquy.
{¶18} Accordingly, appellant’s first assignment of error has merit and is sustained.
{¶19} Appellant’s second assignment of error states:
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AND ACTED CONTRARY TO LAW IN
IMPOSING A SENTENCE THAT WAS CONSECUTIVE TO A TERM OF
IMPRISONMENT ALREADY BEING SERVED BY APPELLANT.
{¶20} Appellant argues that the trial court issued him a consecutive sentence
without making any of the necessary consecutive sentence findings.
{¶21} An appellate court may vacate or modify a felony sentence on appeal only
if it determines by clear and convincing evidence that the record does not support the trial
court’s findings under relevant statutes or that the sentence is otherwise contrary to law.
State v. Marcum, 146 Ohio St. 3d 516, 2016-Ohio-1002, 59 N.E.3d 1231 ¶ 1 citing R.C.
2953.08(G)(2).
{¶22} In order to issue consecutive sentences, the trial court must find that (1)
consecutive sentences are necessary to protect the public from future crime or to punish
the offender, (2) that consecutive sentences are not disproportionate to the seriousness
of the defendant’s conduct and to the danger he poses to the public, and (3) one of the
findings described in subsections (a), (b), or (c) of R.C. 2929.14(C)(4). State v. Jackson,
7th Dist. No. 14 MA 99, 2015-Ohio-1365.
{¶23} As to element number three under Jackson, the findings are:
(a) The offender committed one or more of the multiple offenses while the
offender was awaiting trial or sentencing, was under a sanction imposed
pursuant to section 2929.16, 2929.17, or 2929.18 of the Revised Code, or
was under post-release control for a prior offense.
(b) At least two of the multiple offenses were committed as part of one or
more courses of conduct, and the harm caused by two or more of the
Case No. 18 NO 0462
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multiple offenses so committed was so great or unusual that no single
prison term for any of the offenses committed as part of any of the courses
of conduct adequately reflects the seriousness of the offender's conduct.
(c) The offender's history of criminal conduct demonstrates that consecutive
sentences are necessary to protect the public from future crime by the
offender.
R.C. 2929.14(C)(4).
{¶24} When appellant pled guilty, he was serving a prison sentence for an
unrelated felony. (Tr. 5-6). The trial court ordered appellant’s sentence for assault on a
corrections officer to be served consecutively to his prior sentence. (Tr. 9). But the trial
court did not make any of the required consecutive sentencing findings at the hearing.
{¶25} Appellant cites this court’s decision in State v. Hudson, 7th Dist. No. 15 MA
0134, 2017-Ohio-645. In Hudson, we held that “consecutive sentence findings are
required where a sentence is imposed consecutively to a prior sentence.” Id. at ¶ 44 citing
R.C. 2929.41(A).
{¶26} The trial court ordered appellant to serve his current and his prior sentences
consecutively. But it did not make any of the necessary consecutive sentence findings.
Therefore, his sentence is clearly and convincingly contrary to law.
{¶27} Accordingly, appellant’s second assignment of error has merit and is
sustained.
{¶28} For the reasons stated above, the trial court’s judgement is hereby
reversed, appellant’s guilty plea is vacated, and this matter is remanded for further
proceedings pursuant to law and consistent with this opinion.
Waite, P.J., concurs.
Robb, J., concurs.
Case No. 18 NO 0462
[Cite as State v. Patterson, 2019-Ohio-881.]
For the reasons stated in the Opinion rendered herein, the assignments of error
are sustained and it is the final judgment and order of this Court that the judgment of
the Court of Common Pleas of Noble County, Ohio, is reversed. Appellant’s guilty plea
is vacated and we hereby remand this matter to the trial court for further proceedings
according to law and consistent with this Court’s Opinion. Costs to be taxed against
the Appellee.
A certified copy of this opinion and judgment entry shall constitute the mandate
in this case pursuant to Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure. It is ordered that
a certified copy be sent by the clerk to the trial court to carry this judgment into
execution.
NOTICE TO COUNSEL
This document constitutes a final judgment entry.