Hillman v. Edwards , 2014 Ohio 5667 ( 2014 )

[Cite as Hillman v. Edwards, 2014-Ohio-5667.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
TENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
Robert L. Hillman, :
Plaintiff-Appellant, : Nos. 14AP-496
(C.P.C. No. 07CV-17248)
v. : and 14AP-497
(C.P.C. No. 07CV-12491)
William Joseph Edwards, :
(ACCELERATED CALENDAR)
Defendant-Appellee. :
D E C I S I O N
Rendered on December 23, 2014
Robert L. Hillman, pro se.
APPEALS from the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas
CONNOR, J.
{¶ 1} Plaintiff-appellant, Robert L. Hillman, appeals from a judgment of the
Franklin County Court of Common Pleas denying his motion for relief from a judgment
entered in favor of defendant-appellee, William Joseph Edwards. For the reasons that
follow, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.
A. Facts and Procedural History
{¶ 2} This is the third time we have reviewed a trial court judgment in these
consolidated cases. In Hillman v. Edwards, 10th Dist. No. 10AP-58, 2010-Ohio-3524("Hillman II"), we set forth the basic facts and procedural history of the case as follows:
Appellant [Hillman] initiated two legal malpractice actions
against appellee. In common pleas case No. 07CVH-09-12491,
appellant failed to perfect service of his complaint. But in
common pleas case No. 07CVH-12-17248, after appellant filed
a complaint on December 19, 2007, service was perfected via
certified mail to appellee's office. Appellee did not file an
answer by the deadline, and appellant filed a motion for
Nos. 14AP-496 & 14AP-497 2
default judgment on February 12, 2008. Appellee filed an
answer on February 26, 2008, but he did not seek leave of
court for the untimely filing. Regardless, the trial court denied
the default judgment motion because appellee filed an
answer.
[T]he trial court consolidated the malpractice cases, and the
parties filed cross-motions for summary judgment. The court
granted summary judgment for appellee and denied
appellant's motion, noting appellant's failure to present
experts to support his motion and to rebut appellee's.
Appellant appealed in Hillman v. Edwards, 10th Dist. No.
08AP-1063, 2009-Ohio-5087 ("Hillman I"). In that appeal,
this court found no error in the trial court's decision to grant
appellee summary judgment. Id. at ¶ 34. This court
concluded, however, that the trial court abused its discretion
by accepting appellee's untimely answer because there was
neither a motion for leave to file it nor an attempt to show
excusable neglect for his untimeliness. Id. at ¶ 16. Thus, the
matter was remanded to the trial court so that it could
"entertain a properly filed and supported Civ.R. 6(B) motion
for leave to file an untimely answer on the ground of
excusable neglect." Id. The trial court was ordered to reinstate
summary judgment for appellee if it concluded that he avoids
a default judgment due to being allowed to file an untimely
answer. Id. at ¶ 36. But the court was ordered to enter a
default judgment for appellant if it found no excusable neglect
for the untimely answer. Id.1
On remand, * * * [t]he trial court granted appellee leave to file
his untimely answer, concluding that he demonstrated
excusable neglect. * * * The court declined to enter a default
judgment against appellee and, pursuant to Hillman I,
reinstated summary judgment in his favor.
Id. at ¶ 2-6.
{¶ 3} In Hillman II, we held that the trial court did not abuse its discretion by
granting appellee leave to file his answer and denying appellant's motion for default
judgment. Id. at ¶ 14. With regard to the reinstatement of summary judgment in favor of
1 Discretionary appeal not accepted in Hillman v. Edwards, 124 Ohio St.3d 1443, 2010-Ohio-188.
Nos. 14AP-496 & 14AP-497 3
appellee, we held that res judicata barred appellant from challenging that decision for a
second time. Hillman II at ¶ 15.2
{¶ 4} Following the decision of this court in Hillman II, appellant filed a motion
for relief from judgment in the trial court on December 20, 2012. In a decision and
judgment entry dated February 5, 2013, the trial court denied appellant's motion.
Appellant did not file an appeal from the trial court judgment. He did, however, file a
second motion for relief from judgment on May 6, 2014. On May 27, 2014, the trial court
issued an entry denying appellant's second motion for relief from judgment. Appellant
filed a timely notice of appeal to this court on June 24, 2014.
B. Assignments of Error
{¶ 5} Appellant's assignments of error are as follows:
[I.] APPELLANT CONTENDS THAT THE TRIAL COURT IN
THIS MATTER HAS DENIED APPELLANT PROCEDURAL
DUE PROCESS, HIS RIGHTS TO SUBSTANTIVE LAW
UNDER THE 1ST AND 14TH AMENDMENTS TO THE
UNITED STATES CONSTITUTIONS [sic] TO DUE
PROCESS, AND EQUAL PROTECTION OF THE LAW,
WHEN IT MADE REISSUABLE [sic] ERRORS, FAILED TO
HOLD A HEARING PRIOR TO DENYING THE 60 (B)(5)
MOTION FOR RELIEF FROM JUDGMENT WHERE
OPERATIVE FACTS, AND EVIDENCE WAS OFFERED IN
SUPPORT OF SAID MOTION.
[II.] APPELLANT CONTENDS THAT THE TRIAL COURT
VIOLATED HIS CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS UNDER THE
1ST AND 14TH AMENDMENTS TO THE UNITED STATES
CONSTITUTIONS [sic], AND OHIO'S CONSTITUTION
ARTICLE 1 § 2 WHEN THE TRIAL COURT WAS NOT
IMPARTIAL, AND FAILED TO ADHERE TO CIVIL RULES,
AND STATUTORY LAWS.
C. Standard of Review
{¶ 6} To prevail on a Civ.R. 60(B) motion, a party must demonstrate that: (1) it
has a meritorious claim or defense to present if the court grants it relief; (2) it is entitled
to relief under one of the grounds stated in Civ.R. 60(B)(1) through (5); and (3) it filed the
motion within a reasonable time, and, when relying on a ground for relief set forth in
2 Discretionary appeal not accepted in Hillman v. Edwards, 127 Ohio St.3d 1461, 2010-Ohio-6008.
Nos. 14AP-496 & 14AP-497 4
Civ.R. 60(B)(1), (2), or (3), it filed the motion not more than one year after the judgment,
order, or proceeding was entered or taken. GTE Automatic Elec., Inc. v. ARC Industries,
Inc., 47 Ohio St.2d 146, 150-51 (1976); Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v. Perkins, 10th Dist. No.
10AP-1022, 2011-Ohio-3790, ¶ 8. All three of the elements must be established and the
test is not met if any one of the requirements is not met. Strack v. Pelton, 70 Ohio St.3d
172, 174 (1994).
{¶ 7} The decision to grant or deny a Civ.R. 60(B) motion rests in the trial court's
sound discretion. Griffey v. Rajan, 33 Ohio St.3d 75, 77 (1987). An appellate court will not
reverse such a decision absent an abuse of that discretion. Id. " 'Under this standard of
review, we must affirm the trial court's action absent a showing that the trial court acted
unreasonably, unconscionable or arbitrarily.' " Watkins v. Holderman, 10th Dist. No.
11AP-491, 2012-Ohio-1707, ¶ 14, quoting Stark v. Govt. Accounting Solutions, Inc., 10th
Dist. No. 08AP-987, 2009-Ohio-5201, ¶ 14.
D. Legal Analysis
{¶ 8} For purposes of clarity, we will consider appellant's assignments of error out
of order. In his second assignment of error, appellant argues that the trial court abused its
discretion in denying his second motion for relief from judgment. We disagree.
{¶ 9} As noted above, appellant filed two motions for relief from judgment.
Appellant's first motion, brought pursuant to Civ.R. 60(B)(3) and (5), sought relief from
the judgment issued by the trial court on November 2, 2009. In other words, appellant
sought relief from the same judgment that was the subject of the appeal in Hillman II.
Therein, appellant sought relief for the following reasons: (1) the trial court erroneously
granted appellee leave to answer even though appellee failed to show that his failure to
timely answer the complaint was the result of excusable neglect; (2) the trial court erred
by denying his motion for default judgment; and (3) the trial court erred when it
reinstated summary judgment in favor of appellee where appellee failed to respond to
requests for admissions and interrogatories.
{¶ 10} In denying appellant's first motion for relief from judgment, the trial court
determined that the law of the case doctrine barred appellant from relitigating issues
previously considered and rejected by this court in Hillman v. Edwards, 10th Dist. No.
Nos. 14AP-496 & 14AP-497 5
08AP-1063, 2009-Ohio-5087 ("Hillman I") and Hillman II. As noted above, appellant
did not appeal the trial court's ruling on his first motion for relief from judgment.
{¶ 11} In his second motion for relief from judgment, brought pursuant to Civ.R.
60(B)(5), plaintiff essentially repackages the arguments he made in his first motion for
relief from judgment. The only additional arguments made in the second motion are: that
the trial court abused its discretion by denying his first motion without a hearing; and the
trial court misapplied res judicata. Although appellant does not specifically identify the
judgment from which he seeks relief, his memorandum in support of the motion
challenges both the November 2, 2009 judgment on the merits, and the May 27, 2014
judgment denying his first 60(B) motion.
{¶ 12} " 'Civ.R. 60(B)(5) is intended as a catch-all provision reflecting the inherent
power of a court to relieve a person from the unjust operation of a judgment, but it is not
to be used as a substitute for any of the other more specific provisions of Civ.R. 60(B).' "
Wireless Resource L.L.C. v. Garner, 10th Dist. No. 11AP-1038, 2012-Ohio-2080,¶ 16,
quoting, CarusoCiresi, Inc. v. Lohman, 5 Ohio St.3d 64 (1983), paragraph one of the
syllabus. The grounds for invoking this provision should be substantial. Id. at paragraph
two of the syllabus.
{¶ 13} In its judgment entry denying appellant's second motion for relief from
judgment, the trial court did not answer the question whether appellant's motion set forth
sufficient grounds justifying relief under Civ.R. 60(B)(5). Rather, the trial court stated:
"This instant Motion sets forth arguments that have already been considered and rejected,
and the new issues being raised do not form a basis for relief from the judgment issued by
the Court's predecessor in 2009 and affirmed by [Hillman II]." We agree with the trial
court.
{¶ 14} As a general rule, res judicata precludes the successive filings of Civ.R.
60(B) motions for relief from a valid, final judgment when based upon the same facts and
same grounds or based upon grounds that could have been raised in the prior motion. See
GMAC Mtge., L.L.C. v. Lee, 10th Dist. No. 11AP-796, 2012-Ohio-1157, ¶ 18; Chase
Manhattan Bank v. Jenkins, 10th Dist. No. 06AP-1192, 2007-Ohio-3622, ¶ 24. Res
judicata bars a second motion for relief from judgment where " '[n]o new events occurred
and no new facts were discovered' " after the ruling upon the first motion. Chase at ¶ 27
Nos. 14AP-496 & 14AP-497 6
quoting Koly v. Nassif, 8th Dist No. 88399, 2007-Ohio-2505, ¶ 8. Similarly, a motion for
relief from judgment cannot be used as a substitute for appeal. Id. at ¶ 27, citing Koly at
¶ 8. See also Daroczy v. Lantz, 10th Dist. No. 02AP-31, 2002-Ohio-5417, ¶ 34, and Blasco
v. Mislik, 69 Ohio St.2d 684, 686 (1982). Res judicata does not, however, bar successive
Civ.R. 60(B) motions where the subsequent motion is based on different facts, asserts
different grounds for relief, and it is not certain that the movant could have previously
raised the issues presented. Chase at ¶ 24, citing Coulson v. Coulson, 5 Ohio St.3d 12, 17
(1983).
{¶ 15} Appellant's second motion for relief from judgment does not assert new
facts or new grounds for his challenge to the November 2, 2009 judgment. Appellant
simply reargues same legal and factual issues presented in his first motion for relief from
judgment. Specifically, that the trial court erred when it granted appellee leave to answer
the complaint, denied default judgment, and granted appellee's motion for summary
judgment. Thus, to the extent that appellant's second motion for relief from judgment
challenges the November 2, 2009 judgment, res judicata barred appellant from raising
the same issues in a second 60(B) motion.
{¶ 16} Additionally, to the extent that appellant's second motion for relief from
judgment challenges the denial of his first 60(B) motion, we note that "[a] judgment entry
denying a Civ.R. 60(B) motion for relief from judgment is final and appealable, and,
where a party fails to file a timely appeal under App.R. 4(A), res judicata applies to bar
further litigation of the issues." GMAC citing Deutsche Bank Natl. Trust Co. v. Pandey,
10th Dist. No. 10AP-39, 2010-Ohio-3746, ¶ 12. As noted above, appellant claims that the
trial court abused its discretion by applying the law of the case doctrine in denying his
first motion for relief from judgment and by refusing to hold an evidentiary hearing on the
motion. Appellant could have raised these issues in a direct appeal of the trial court's
February 5, 2013 judgment denying his first 60(B) motion. Because appellant could have
raised these issues in a direct appeal to this court, but did not, res judicata barred
appellant from raising them in a motion for relief from judgment. Daroczy.
{¶ 17} In short, res judicata bars appellant from relitigating, in a second motion for
relief from judgment, the same issues raised and rejected by the trial court in ruling on his
first motion for relief from judgment, as well as those issues that could have been raised in
Nos. 14AP-496 & 14AP-497 7
a direct appeal from the denial of that motion. For the foregoing reasons, we hold that the
trial court did not abuse its discretion when it denied appellant's second motion for relief
from judgment. Accordingly, appellant's second assignment of error is overruled.
{¶ 18} In his first assignment of error, appellant argues that the trial court abused
its discretion by denying his motion for relief from judgment without first conducting an
evidentiary hearing. We disagree.
{¶ 19} "[A] party who files a Civ.R. 60(B) motion for relief from judgment is not
automatically entitled to a hearing on the motion." PNC Bank, Natl. Assn. v. Botts, 10th
Dist. No. 12AP-256, 2012-Ohio-5383, quoting Adomeit v. Baltimore, 39 Ohio App.2d 97,
103, 105 (8th Dist. 1974). " '[I]f the Civ.R. 60(B) motion contains allegations of operative
facts which would warrant relief from judgment, the trial court should grant a hearing to
take evidence to verify those facts before it rules on the motion.' " Flagstar Bank, FSB v.
Hairston, 10th Dist. No. 12AP-679, 2013-Ohio-1151, ¶ 12, quoting State ex rel. Richard v.
Seidner, 76 Ohio St.3d 149, 151 (1996). " 'Conversely, an evidentiary hearing is not
required where the motion and attached evidentiary material do not contain allegations of
operative facts which would warrant relief under Civ.R. 60(B).' " Id. quoting State ex rel.
Richard.
{¶ 20} Appellant's affidavit in support of his second motion for relief from
judgment contains nothing more conclusory statements in support of his second motion
for relief from judgment. As noted above, appellant's motion does not assert any grounds
for Civ.R. 60(B) relief that are not barred by res judicata. Accordingly, we hold that the
trial court did not abuse its discretion by denying appellant's motion for relief from
judgment without a hearing. Appellant's first assignment of error is overruled.
E. Conclusion
{¶ 21} Having overruled both of appellant's assignments of error, we affirm the
judgment of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas.
Judgment affirmed.
SADLER, P.J. and DORRIAN, J., concur.
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