State v. Young , 2017 Ohio 2749 ( 2017 )

[Cite as State v. Young, 2017-Ohio-2749.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
No. 103551
STATE OF OHIO
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
LEONARD J. YOUNG
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT:
APPLICATION DENIED
Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CR-15-595168-A
Application for Reopening
Motion No. 503850
RELEASE DATE: May 10, 2017
FOR APPELLANT
Leonard J. Young, pro se
Inmate No. A673-457
Mansfield Correctional Institution
1150 North Main Street
Mansfield, Ohio 44901
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Michael C. O’Malley
Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
By: Andrew F. Rogalski
Assistant County Prosecutor
Justice Center, 9th Floor
1200 Ontario Street
Cleveland, Ohio 44113
KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, A.J.:
{¶1} Leonard J. Young has filed a timely application for reopening pursuant to
App.R. 26(B). Young is attempting to reopen the appellate judgment, rendered in State
v. Young, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 103551, 2016-Ohio-7477, that affirmed his conviction
for one count of rape and one count of kidnapping. We decline to reopen Young’s
original appeal.
{¶2} In order to establish a claim of ineffective assistance of appellate counsel,
Young is required to establish that the performance of his appellate counsel was deficient
and the deficiency resulted in prejudice. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 688, 104
S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984); State v. Bradley, 42 Ohio St.3d 136, 538 N.E.2d 373(1989), cert. denied, 497 U.S. 1011, 110 S.Ct. 3258, 111 L.Ed.2d 767 (1990).
{¶3} In Strickland, the United States Supreme Court held that a court’s scrutiny of
an attorney’s work must be highly deferential. The court further stated that it is all too
tempting for a defendant to second-guess his attorney after conviction and that it would
be too easy for a court to conclude that a specific act or omission was deficient, especially
when examining the matter in hindsight. Thus, a court must indulge a strong
presumption that counsel’s conduct falls within the wide range of reasonable professional
assistance; that is, the defendant must overcome the presumption that, under the
circumstances, the challenged action might be considered sound trial strategy.
Strickland.
{¶4} Herein, Young has raised two proposed assignments of error in support of his
application for reopening. Young’s initial proposed assignment of error is that:
Trial court erred when it denied appellant[’]s request to terminate counsel
violating the appellant’s rights to adequate counsel under the sixth
amendment of the United States Constitution.
{¶5} Young, through his first proposed assignment of error, argues that the trial
court erred by failing to terminate appointed counsel and appoint new counsel. When an
indigent defendant makes a request for the termination of his appointed counsel and the
appointment of new counsel, based upon effectiveness and adequacy of appointed
counsel, the trial court is required to inquire into the defendant’s allegation and make the
inquiry part of the record. State v. Deal, 17 Ohio St.2d 17, 244 N.E.2d 742 (1969); State
v. King, 104 Ohio App.3d 434, 662 N.E.2d 389 (4th Dist. 1995).
{¶6} Herein, Young requested that the trial court discharge his appointed counsel
and appoint new counsel, based upon the allegation that appointed counsel was
inadequate, ineffective, and failed to honor Young’s requests. The trial court inquired
into Young’s complaint on the record. See tr. 75. At the conclusion of the trial court’s
inquiry, Young clearly abandoned his request for discharge of appointed counsel. It
must also be noted that even if Young had not abandoned his request for discharge of
appointed counsel, we find that Young failed to demonstrate “a breakdown in the
attorney-client relationship of such magnitude as to jeopardize a defendant’s right to
effective assistance of counsel.” State v. Coleman, 37 Ohio St.3d 286, 292, 525 N.E.2d
792 (1988), quoting People v. Robles, 2 Cal.3d 205, 215, 85 Cal.Rptr. 166, 466 P.2d 710(1970). It must also be noted that a defendant’s right to counsel does not extend to
counsel of the defendant’s choice. Thurston v. Maxwell, 3 Ohio St.2d 92, 209 N.E.2d
204 (1965). Young has failed to establish that he was prejudiced by the failure of
appellate counsel to argue the issue of trial court erred by not discharging appointed
counsel.
{¶7} Young’s second proposed assignment of error in support of his application
for reopening is that:
Prosecutorial misconduct violating the appellant’s rights under the
fourteenth and fifth amendment of the United States Constitution.
{¶8} Young, through his second proposed assignment of error, argues that
appellate counsel was ineffective on appeal by failing to argue the issue of prosecutorial
misconduct. Specially, Young argues that the prosecution was aware that the victim’s
testimony was false. In essence, Young is attempting to attack the credibility of the
victim of the rape.
{¶9} Young, however, has failed to provide this court with any evidence that the
victim’s statements were false or that the prosecutor knew that the victim’s statements
were false. It must also be noted that this court, through the second assignment of error
as raised on direct appeal, addressed the issues of the victim’s credibility and the victim’s
conflicting testimony.
In his second assignment of error, Young contends that his convictions were
against the manifest weight of the evidence because the trial court did not
properly evaluate C.C.’s credibility and did not effectively resolve
conflicting testimony.

***
Although we review credibility when considering the manifest weight of the
evidence, we are cognizant that determinations regarding the credibility of
witnesses and the weight of the testimony are primarily for the trier of fact.
State v. Bradley, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 97333, 2012-Ohio-2765, ¶ 14,
citing State v. DeHass, 10 Ohio St.2d 230, 227 N.E.2d 212 (1967). The trier
of fact is best able to view the witnesses, and use its observations of the
witnesses’ demeanor and gestures in weighing the credibility of the
proffered testimony. State v. Wilson, 113 Ohio St.3d 382, 2007-Ohio-2202,
865 N.E.2d 1264, ¶ 24. The trier of fact may take note of any
inconsistencies and resolve them accordingly, choosing to believe all, none,
or some of a witness’s testimony. State v. Raver, 10th Dist. Franklin No.
02AP-604, 2003-Ohio-958, ¶ 21.
Young contends that C.C.’s testimony was not credible because she testified
that the rape occurred around 5:14 p.m., she left Young’s apartment after
texting her mother at 5:24 p.m. that she had just been raped, and she then
went to the street corner where she called 911 and waited for the police.
Young notes that the 911 call was not made until 6:21 p.m., however. He
further points out that Rosa, the sexual assault nurse examiner, testified that
C.C. told her that she had bathed post-assault and before her examinationat
Fairview Hospital, and that C.C. responded affirmatively when she was
asked whether she “had food, drink, or chewed gum” since the assault.
Young asserts that C.C.’s version of events failed to account for the hour
after the assault before the 911 call was made and for these post-assault
activities, which should have caused the trial judge to doubt the veracity of
her testimony.
***
Young argues further that several other inconsistencies in C.C.’s testimony
should have caused the trial judge to doubt her veracity. Specifically, C.C.
testified that the girlfriend whose house she intended to go to did not
answer the door when she arrived there at 4:00 or 5:00 a.m. after leaving the
hospital the morning after the assault, so she went somewhere else. C.C.
could not recall where she went, however. Young questions how C.C.
could remember the details of the alleged assault with such specificity but
could not remember where she went right after leaving the hospital.
Similarly, Young notes that C.C. testified that she returned to his apartment
at one point to collect the rest of her belongings, but could not remember
when she did so. Finally, he points out that when describing the alleged
assault to Detective Evans, C.C. said that Young “was in [her] too long for
[her] liking,” a description inconsistent with the violent, forcible incident
she described on direct examination.
In finding Young guilty of rape and kidnapping, the judge explained that
there was compellingevidence of a struggle involving C.C. The judge
noted that her observation of Young indicated that he was “certainly
capable” of engaging in a physical struggle, and when she specifically
asked him during trial about his disabilities, he claimed only mental
disabilities.
The judge also noted that C.C.’s descriptions to the police, the sexual
assault nurse examiner, and at trial regarding what had happened to her
were very consistent. The judge found that there was not an unreasonable
lapse of time from when the rape occurred until it was reported. And the
judge noted that Young apologized to C.C. in his 6:18 p.m. text to her,
presumably for the sexual assault. The judge found that Young’s statement
in the text that “you haven’t shared a plan” could reasonably mean that
Young did not know that C.C. was planning to move out with a friend, and
that he raped her because he wanted her out of his apartment. The judge
noted that after the alleged rape, Young admitted to the police that he had
been actively trying to constructively evict C.C. and had escalated his
campaign to get her out. The judge found that this evidence, combined
with C.C.’s text messages to her mother that Young had justraped her,
C.C.’s text response to Young accusing him of sexually assaulting her, and
Young’s failure to deny C.C.’s accusation, demonstrated that Young was
guilty beyond a reasonable doubt of rape and kidnapping.
Upon review, we cannot conclude that Young’s conviction was against the
manifest weight of the evidence. As the trial court found, C.C.’s
statements on the 911 call, to the police and the sexual assault nurse
examiner, and at trial, were very consistent. The trial judge heard Rosa
testify that C.C. told her that she had bathed after the rape; the judge
undoubtedly weighed this testimony when considering whether C.C.’s
version of the events was true.
We agree that C.C.’s omission from her testimony that she bathed after the
rape is curious, but we do not conclude that as a result the trial court should
have necessarily concluded that all of her testimony was not credible. The
text messages between her and her mother support her testimony that the
rape occurred at approximately 5:14 p.m., and Young’s subsequent text to
C.C. at 6:18 p.m. stating “I’m sorry it had to end this way” can certainly be
construed as an apology for raping her.

***
Moreover, if Young’s version of the events is assumed to be true — that
there was no rape and C.C. left his apartment around 4 p.m. that day
because he videotaped her — C.C.’s testimony about the rape must
necessarily be false, and the texts sent to her mother necessarily fabricated
in order to frame Young. In light of C.C.’s adamant denial that she lied
about the rape, however, we do not find that the judge lost her way in
finding C.C.’s testimony about the rape more credible than Young’s
testimony denying the rape.
C.C.’s statement to Detective Evans that Young “was in [her] too long for
[her] liking” is not inconsistentwith her description of the rape. C.C.
testified that her statement meant that Young “shouldn’t have been in there
at all” and “he wouldn’t get off me. He wouldn’t get out of me. He
shouldn’t have never been there.”
***
Finally, although Young asserts that there was no DNA evidence that tied
him to the rape, the DNA analyst testified that there was foreign DNA
found on C.C.’s inner right thigh, and Young could neither be included nor
excluded from being a contributor of that foreign DNA. In light of C.C.’s
testimony about the rape, the trier of fact could reasonably infer that
Young’s DNA was the foreign DNA in the mix. Moreover, the hand-print
bruise on C.C.’s inner thigh corroborated her testimony that Young used
one hand to hold her legs open during the rape. Although Rosa conceded
that the bruises could have been there for several days, as factfinder, the
judge was in the position to observe C.C.’s demeanor and evaluate the
credibility of her testimony.
Therefore, weighing the evidence and all reasonable inferences, considering
the credibility of C.C. and Young, and resolving the conflicts in the
evidence, we do not find that the judge clearly lost her way in convicting
Young of rape and kidnapping. Accordingly, the second assignment of
error is overruled.
State v.Young, supra at ¶ 33-47.
{¶10} Upon appeal, this court has already reviewed the issues of the victim’s
credibility and conflicting testimony. Thus, res judicata prevents this court from once
again determining whether the trial court properly evaluated the credibility of the victim
and the effect of conflicting testimony. State v. Tate, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 81682,
2004-Ohio-973. Young, through his second proposed assignment of error, has failed to
demonstrate that the performance of his appellate counsel was deficient and that he was
prejudiced.
{¶11} Accordingly, the application for reopening is denied.
KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, ADMINISTRATIVE JUDGE
LARRY A. JONES, SR., P.J., and
EILEEN T. GALLAGHER, J., CONCUR