State v. Lynch , 2015 Ohio 3366 ( 2015 )

[Cite as State v. Lynch, 2015-Ohio-3366.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
TENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
State of Ohio, :
No. 15AP-123 (C.P.C. No. 03CR-6779)
Plaintiff-Appellee, : No. 15AP-124 (C.P.C. No. 04CR-5939)
No. 15AP-125 (C.P.C. No. 03CR-6183)
v. : No. 15AP-126 (C.P.C. No. 04CR-6084)
David S. Lynch, : (ACCELERATED CALENDAR)
Defendant-Appellant. :
D E C I S I O N
Rendered on August 20, 2015
Ron O'Brien, Prosecuting Attorney, and Steven L. Taylor, for
appellee.
David S. Lynch, pro se.
APPEALS from the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas.
BROWN, P.J.
{¶ 1} In these consolidated appeals, David S. Lynch, defendant-appellant, appeals
from four judgments of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas, in which the court
denied his motions to correct/clarify judgment entry.
{¶ 2} The underlying facts of the crimes for which appellant was convicted are
irrelevant to the issues on appeal. Appellant was arrested September 3, 2003, and was
held in jail based on offenses that occurred the previous day. In case No. 15AP-125
(03CR-6183), appellant was indicted September 11, 2003 on counts of burglary, receiving
stolen property, tampering with evidence, and having a weapon under disability. He was
convicted, pursuant to a plea of guilty, of burglary on January 13, 2006. The trial court
sentenced appellant to five years in jail, to be served concurrently with the sentences in
Nos. 15AP-123, 15AP-124, 15AP-125 & 15AP-126 2
his other three cases pending at the time of sentencing. The court recognized 863 days of
jail-time credit.
{¶ 3} In case No. 15AP-123 (o3CR-6779), appellant was indicted October 10, 2003
on counts of burglary, theft of a firearm, and theft. The offenses occurred on August 6,
2003. He was convicted, pursuant to a plea of guilty, to burglary on January 13, 2006.
The trial court sentenced appellant to five years in jail, to be served concurrently with the
sentences from his other three cases pending at the time of sentencing. The court
recognized zero days of jail-time credit.
{¶ 4} In case No. 15AP-124 (o4CR-5939), appellant was indicted September 10,
2004 on counts of aggravated burglary and kidnapping, both with firearm specifications.
The offenses occurred August 23, 2003. He was convicted, pursuant to a plea of guilty, to
aggravated burglary without specification, on January 13, 2006. The trial court sentenced
appellant to five years in jail, to be served concurrently with the sentences from his other
three cases pending at the time of sentencing. The court recognized zero days of jail-time
credit.
{¶ 5} In case No. 15AP-126 (04CR-6084), appellant was indicted September 15,
2004 on one count of murder, aggravated robbery, and having a weapon under disability.
The murder and aggravated robbery counts included three-year firearm specifications.
The offenses occurred January 14, 2003. He was convicted, pursuant to a plea of no
contest, to involuntary manslaughter without specification and aggravated robbery
without specification on January 13, 2006. The trial court sentenced appellant to 9 years
in jail on the involuntary manslaughter conviction to be served consecutively to a 3-year
jail sentence for the aggravated robbery conviction, for a total of 12 years, to be served
concurrently with the sentences from his other three cases pending at the time of
sentencing. The court recognized zero days of jail-time credit. Appellant appealed the
judgment but did not raise any issue relating to jail-time credit. This court affirmed the
judgment in State v. Lynch, 10th Dist. No. 06AP-128, 2007-Ohio-294.
{¶ 6} On December 10, 2014, appellant filed in all four cases motions to
correct/clarify judgment entry of sentence and conviction. Appellant argued that the trial
court should have granted 863 days of jail-time credit in all four cases, relying on State v.
Fugate, 117 Ohio St.3d 261, 2008-Ohio-856. On February 10, 2015, the trial court denied
Nos. 15AP-123, 15AP-124, 15AP-125 & 15AP-126 3
the motions finding that: (1) appellant could have raised the issue of jail-time credit on
direct appeal or in a more timely manner, and (2) Fugate was released in 2008 and is not
retroactive to previously imposed sentences. Appellant appeals the judgment of the trial
court, asserting the following assignments of error:
[I.] The trial [c]ourt abused its discretion when it refused to
grant appellant's request to apply jail[-]time credit to reflect
his concurrent sentences.
[II.] The trial [c]ourt violated Appellant's Equal Protection
Rights by failing to recognize that all sentences being served
simultaneously must have jail credit apply to all sentences.
[III.] The trial court[']s decision reflected a misunderstanding
of the relief requested when it stated "Defendants [sic] seeks
to substantially alter the jail[-]time credit awarded."
{¶ 7} We will address all of appellant's assignments of error together, as they are
related. In these assignments of error, appellant argues that the trial court erred when it
failed to apply jail-time credit of 863 days to all four of his concurrent sentences.
However, before addressing the merits of appellant's arguments we first note that his
argument is moot with respect to three of the four underlying cases. In case No. 03CR-
6183, the trial court already recognized 863 days of jail-time credit in its original
sentencing entry. Thus, appellant's motion in that case was moot because he already had
received all of the jail-time credit to which he claimed he was entitled in his motion.
Furthermore, in case Nos. 03CR-6779 and 04CR-5939, the five-year concurrent sentences
the trial court ordered in January 2006 expired in January 2011, long before appellant
filed his December 2014 motions to correct/clarify judgment entry of sentence and
conviction. Thus, appellant's motions were also moot in these cases. See State ex rel.
Compton v. Sutula, 132 Ohio St.3d 35, 2012-Ohio-1653, ¶ 5 (the defendant's claims
concerning jail-time credit were rendered moot when he completed his sentence); State v.
Feagin, 6th Dist. No. H-12-014, 2013-Ohio-1837, ¶ 4, citing State ex rel. Gordon v.
Murphy, 112 Ohio St.3d 329, 2006-Ohio-6572 (once a defendant has served his sentence,
any error related to the calculation of his jail-time credit is moot). Therefore, we need only
address appellant's assignments of error with respect to case No. 15AP-126 (04CR-6084).
Nos. 15AP-123, 15AP-124, 15AP-125 & 15AP-126 4
{¶ 8} The trial court denied appellant's motion based upon the following grounds:
(1) any issue with regard to jail-time credit could have been raised on direct appeal or in a
more timely manner, and (2) appellant could not rely upon Fugate because that decision
was not issued until 2008 and it is not retroactive to sentences already imposed and
affirmed on appeal, such as those sentences in appellant's cases. The trial court's first
basis for denying appellant's motion was res judicata. Under the doctrine of res judicata,
a final judgment of conviction bars a convicted defendant who was represented by counsel
from raising and litigating in any proceeding except an appeal from that judgment, any
defense or any claimed lack of due process that was raised or could have been raised by
the defendant at trial, which resulted in that judgment of conviction, or on an appeal from
that judgment. State v. Perry, 10 Ohio St.2d 175 (1967), paragraph nine of the syllabus.
{¶ 9} Although the trial court here found appellant's jail-time credit argument
was precluded by res judicata, this court, in State v. Inboden, 10th Dist. No. 14AP-312,
2014-Ohio-5762, found that R.C. 2929.19(B)(2)(g)(iii) precludes the application of res
judicata to issues of jail-time credit that could have been raised at sentencing but were
not. R.C. 2929.19(B)(2)(g)(iii) provides:
The sentencing court retains continuing jurisdiction to correct
any error not previously raised at sentencing in making a
determination under division (B)(2)(g)(i) of this section. The
offender may, at anytime after sentencing, file a motion in the
sentencing court to correct any error made in making a
determination under division (B)(2)(g)(i) of this section, and
the court may in its discretion grant or deny that motion. If
the court changes the number of days in its determination or
redetermination, the court shall cause the entry granting that
change to be delivered to the department of rehabilitation and
correction without delay. Sections 2931.15 and 2953.21 of the
Revised Code do not apply to a motion made under this
section.
{¶ 10} As we explained in Inboden, prior to the enactment of R.C.
2929.19(B)(2)(g)(iii), this court had held that motions for jail-time credit were subject to
the doctrine of res judicata except for where the alleged calculation error was clerical or
mathematical. Id. at ¶ 7. We stated further that R.C. 2929.19(B)(2)(g)(iii) provides "the
court has continuing jurisdiction to correct any jail-time credit error 'not previously raised
at sentencing,' thereby abating the application of the doctrine of res judicata as it relates
Nos. 15AP-123, 15AP-124, 15AP-125 & 15AP-126 5
to issues that could have been raised at sentencing but were not." Id. at ¶ 8. Thus, we
concluded in Inboden that, as a result of the enactment of R.C. 2929.19(B)(2)(g)(iii), res
judicata no longer defeats untimely jail-time credit arguments. Accordingly, based on
Inboden, we find the trial court here erred when it denied appellant's motion based on res
judicata.
{¶ 11} The trial court also denied appellant's motion based on a finding that
appellant could not rely upon Fugate because that decision was not issued until 2008,
and it is not retroactive to sentences already imposed and affirmed on appeal, such as
those sentences in appellant's cases. In Fugate, the Supreme Court of Ohio found the
defendant should have been given jail-time credit when the court imposed concurrent
sentences for his three convictions. Id. at ¶ 22. The court reasoned that "when concurrent
prison terms are imposed, courts do not have the discretion to select only one term from
those that are run concurrently against which to apply jail-time credit." Id. at ¶ 12. When
a defendant is sentenced to concurrent terms, applying credit to one term only would, in
effect, negate the credit for time that the offender has been held, and would constitute a
violation of the Equal Protection Clause. Id. at ¶ 22. It held that "R.C. 2967.191 requires
that jail-time credit be applied to all prison terms imposed for charges on which the
offender has been held." Id. at ¶ 12.
{¶ 12} We agree with the trial court's conclusion. " '[A]pplication of a new rule of
law to a pending appeal is not retrospective,' and * * * the new rule applie[s] to the cases
pending on the announcement date." State v. Evans, 32 Ohio St.2d 185, 186 (1972),
quoting State v. Lynn, 5 Ohio St.2d 106, 108 (1966). "A new judicial ruling may be
applied only to cases that are pending on the announcement date." Ali v. State, 104 Ohio
St.3d 328, 2004-Ohio-6592, ¶ 6. "The new judicial ruling may not be applied retroactively
to a conviction that has become final, i.e., where the accused has exhausted all of his
appellate remedies." Id. See also State v. Strickland, 10th Dist. No. 14AP-307, 2014-
Ohio-5105, ¶ 12, citing Ali (a new judicial ruling may not be applied retroactively to a
conviction that has become final). Here, appellant's reliance on Fugate is misplaced, as
his conviction and sentence were already final prior to the date the Supreme Court
pronounced its holding therein. Therefore, we find the trial court properly denied
appellant's motion on this basis. For these reasons, we find the trial court did not err
Nos. 15AP-123, 15AP-124, 15AP-125 & 15AP-126 6
when it denied appellant's four motions to correct/clarify judgment entry, and appellant's
first, second, and third assignments of error are overruled.
{¶ 13} Accordingly, appellant's three assignments of error are overruled, and the
judgments of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas are affirmed.
Judgments affirmed.
BRUNNER and HORTON, JJ., concur.
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