State v. Tatum , 2023 Ohio 629 ( 2023 )

[Cite as State v. Tatum, 2023-Ohio-629.]
COURT OF APPEALS
DELAWARE COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO JUDGES:
Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P.J.
Plaintiff-Appellee Hon. William B. Hoffman, J.
Hon. John W. Wise, J.
-vs-
Case No. 22 CAA 04 0027
RICHARD TATUM
Defendant-Appellant OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Criminal Appeal from the Court of Common
Pleas, Case No. 21 CRI 09 0504
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: March 1, 2023
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant
MARK C. SLEEPER APRIL F. CAMPBELL
ASSISTANT PROSECUTOR CAMPBELL LAW, LLC
145 North Union Street, 3rd Floor 545 Metro Place South, Suite 100
Delaware, Ohio 43015 Dublin, Ohio 43017
Delaware County, Case No. 22 CAA 04 0027 2
Wise, J.
{¶1} Appellant Richard Tatum appeals the February 22, 2022 judgment of
conviction and sentence of the Delaware County Court of Common Pleas. Appellee is
State of Ohio.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
{¶2} Appellant’s appellate counsel has filed a brief pursuant to Anders v.
California, 386 U.S. 738, 87 S.Ct. 1396, 18 L.Ed.2d 493 (1967). We informed Appellant
that his attorney had filed an Anders brief on his behalf and granted him until January
14, 2023, to file a pro se brief. Appellant has not filed a pro se brief.
{¶3} In Anders, the United States Supreme Court held if, after a conscientious
examination of the record, a defendant’s counsel concludes the case is wholly frivolous,
then he should so advise the court and request permission to withdraw. Anders at 744.
Counsel must accompany his request with a brief identifying anything in the record that
could arguably support his client’s appeal. Id. Counsel also must: (1) furnish his client
with a copy of the brief and request to withdraw; and, (2) allow his client sufficient time
to raise any matters that the client chooses. Id. Once the defendant’s counsel satisfies
these requirements, the appellate court must fully examine the proceedings below to
determine if any arguably meritorious issues exist. If the appellate court also determines
that the appeal is wholly frivolous, it may grant the counsel’s request to withdraw and
dismiss the appeal without violating constitutional requirements, or may proceed to a
decision on the merits if state law so requires. Id.{¶4} The relevant facts leading to this appeal are as follows.
Delaware County, Case No. 22 CAA 04 0027 3
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
{¶5} On September 7, 2021, Appellee charged Appellant via complaint alleging
Appellant with Failure to Comply with an Officer’s Signal, a felony in the third degree, in
violation of R.C. §2921.331(C)(5)(a)(ii). The complaint did not state that Appellant
caused a substantial risk of serious physical harm to persons or property.
{¶6} The magistrate found that because the complaint did not allege substantial
risk of serious physical harm to persons or property, a misdemeanor charge could be
sustained, but probable cause did not exist to support the felony charge.
{¶7} Appellant then offered to enter a plea of guilty to the misdemeanor charge.
The magistrate declined to allow Appellant to enter a plea of guilty. The magistrate
instructed Appellant he would set the matter for a preliminary hearing, where Appellant
may request a change of plea hearing.
{¶8} On September 8, 2021, the grand jury indicted Appellant for Failure to
Comply with an Officer’s Signal, a felony in the third degree, in violation of R.C.
§2921.331(C)(5)(a)(ii) and Driving While Under the Influence of Alcohol or Drugs, a
misdemeanor in the first degree, in violation of R.C. §4511.19(A)(1)(a). Appellant plead
not guilty. The Driving While Under the Influence of Alcohol or Drugs was dismissed by
Appellee.
{¶9} On February 17, 2022, the matter proceeded to a jury trial.
{¶10} At trial, Trooper Robert Myers testified he observed a black vehicle moving
quickly toward the exit to a gas station, cutting Trooper Myers off. The officer observed
Appellant operating the vehicle without a seatbelt. Trooper Myers began tailing
Appellant, pacing Appellant’s car at eighty-seven miles per hour. Trooper Myers
Delaware County, Case No. 22 CAA 04 0027 4
engaged his overhead lights to initiate a traffic stop. Appellant increased speed crossing
into Delaware County. Trooper Myers measured Appellant’s speed as over 130 miles
per hour.
{¶11} Trooper Myers terminated pursuit as Trooper Darius Patterson deployed
Stop Sticks, stopping Appellant’s vehicle.
{¶12} Upon approaching the vehicle, Trooper Patterson observed the vehicle was
empty. Appellant was found nearby, hiding in a garbage dumpster. Trooper Patterson
then read Appellant Miranda warnings.
{¶13} Trooper Myers then arrived and positively identified Appellant as the driver
of the vehicle. Appellant told the troopers he saw Trooper Myers at a gas station, but did
not believe they would follow Appellant if he put other’s lives in danger.
{¶14} Appellant moved the trial court to acquit Appellant under Crim.R. 29.
{¶15} The trial court overruled that motion.
{¶16} The jury found Appellant guilty of Failure to Comply with an Officer’s Signal,
a felony in the third degree, in violation of R.C. §2921.331(C)(5)(a)(ii).
{¶17} The trial court sentenced Appellant to twenty-four months in prison.
POTENTIAL ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
{¶18} Counsel’s brief suggests four assignments of error as follows:
{¶19} “I. THE MAGISTRATE ABUSED ITS DISCRETION RESULTING IN A DUE
PROCESS VIOLATION, IN REFUSING [sic] TO ACCEPT TATUM’S GUILTY PLEA AT
HIS INITIAL BOND HEARING.
Delaware County, Case No. 22 CAA 04 0027 5
{¶20} “II. TRIAL COUNSEL WAS INEFFECTIVE FOR FAILING TO MOVE TO
SUPPRESS THE EVIDENCE AGAINST TATUM, WHEN HIS INITIAL STOP WAS
BASED ON A PACING SPEED VIOLATION.
{¶21} “III. THE EVIDENCE WAS LEGALLY INSUFFICIENT AND WEIGHED
MANIFESTLY AGAINST CONVICTING TATUM OF THIRD-DEGREE FELONY
FAILURE TO COMPLY.
{¶22} “IV. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN SENTENCING TATUM.”
I.
{¶23} In his first potential Assignment of Error, Appellant suggests the trial court
may have abused its discretion in refusing to accept Appellant’s guilty plea at the bond
hearing. We disagree.
{¶24} Crim.R. 11(E) states, in pertinent part: “In misdemeanor cases involving
petty offenses the court may refuse to accept a plea of guilty or no contest, and shall not
accept such pleas without first informing the defendant of the effect of the plea of guilty,
no contest, and not guilty.” A petty offense is “a misdemeanor other than serious
offense.” Crim.R. 2(D). A serious offense is “any felony, and any misdemeanor for which
the penalty prescribed by law includes confinement for more than six months.” Crim.R.
2(C). An abuse of discretion implies the court’s attitude is unreasonable, arbitrary, or
unconscionable. Blakemore v. Blakemore (1983), 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 450 N.E.2d 1140.
{¶25} In the case sub judice, the magistrate found a charge of Failure to Comply
with an Officer’s Signal, a misdemeanor in the first degree, in violation of R.C. §2921.331
was supported by the complaint. The maximum penalty the trial court could impose upon
Appellant was a period of imprisonment of “not more than one hundred eighty days.”
Delaware County, Case No. 22 CAA 04 0027 6
R.C. §2929.24. At Appellant’s initial appearance, the State indicated it would move to
dismiss the case without prejudice if the magistrate accepted the plea. As this charge is
considered a petty offense under Crim.R. 2(D), the trial court may refuse to accept it.
{¶26} We find no merit in the first proposed Assignment of Error, and it is hereby
overruled.
II.
{¶27} In his second potential Assignment of Error, Appellant suggests trial counsel
was ineffective for failing to move to suppress evidence against Tatum. We disagree.
{¶28} Our standard of review is set forth in Strickland v. Washington (1984), 466
U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed. 674. Ohio adopted this standard in the case of State
v. Bradley (1989), 42 Ohio St.3d 136, 538 N.E.2d 373. These cases require a two-
pronged analysis in reviewing a claim for ineffective assistance of counsel. First, we must
determine whether counsel’s assistance was ineffective; whether counsel’s performance
fell below an objective standard of reasonable representation and was violative of any of
his essential duties to the client. If we find ineffective assistance of counsel, we must
then determine whether or not the defense was actually prejudiced by counsel’s
ineffectiveness such that the reliability of the outcome of the trial is suspect. This requires
a showing there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional error,
the outcome of the trial would have been different. Id.{¶29} The trial counsel is entitled to a strong presumption that all decisions fall
within the wide range of reasonable professional assistance. State v. Sallie (1998), 81
Ohio St.3d 673, 675, 693 N.E.2d 267. Even debatable trial tactics and strategies do not
Delaware County, Case No. 22 CAA 04 0027 7
constitute ineffective assistance of counsel. State v. Clayton, 62 Ohio St.2d 45, 402
N.E.2d 1189 (1980).
{¶30} “ ‘[F]ailure to file a suppression motion does not constitute per se ineffective
assistance of counsel.’ ” State v. Madrigal, 87 Ohio St.3d 378, 389, 721 N.E.2d 52(2000), quoting Kimmelman v. Morrison, 477 U.S. 365, 384, 106 S.Ct. 2574, 91 L.Ed.2d
305 (1986); accord State v. Neyland, 139 Ohio St.3d 353, 2014-Ohio-1914, 12 N.E.3d
1112, ¶126. “ ‘To establish ineffective assistance of counsel for failure to file a motion to
suppress, a defendant must prove there was a basis to suppress the evidence in
question.’ ” State v. Brown, 115 Ohio St.3d 55, 2007-Ohio-4837, 873 N.E.2d 858, ¶65,
citing State v. Adams, 103 Ohio St.3d 508, 2004-Ohio-5845, 817 N.E.2d 29, ¶35. If the
record contains no evidence to support a motion to suppress, or such little evidence that
counsel could have decided that filing such a motion would be futile, then counsel is still
considered effective. State v. Drummond, 111 Ohio St.3d 14, 2006-Ohio-5084, 854
N.E.2d 1038, ¶208, quoting State v. Gibson, 69 Ohio App.2d 91, 95, 430 N.E.2d 954 (8th
Dist.1980); State v. Moon, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 101972, 2015-Ohio-1550, ¶28, quoting
State v. Suarez, 12th Dist. Warren No. CA2014-02-035, 2015-Ohio-64, ¶13.
{¶31} The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Section 14,
Article I, Ohio Constitution, prohibit the government from conducting unreasonable
searches and seizures of persons or their property. See Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 88
S.Ct. 1868, 20 L.Ed.2d 889 (1968); State v. Andrews (1991), 57 Ohio St.3d 86, 87, 565
N.E.2d 1271 (1991).
{¶32} “When police observe a traffic offense being committed, the initiation of a
traffic stop does not violate Fourth Amendment guarantees, even if the stop was
Delaware County, Case No. 22 CAA 04 0027 8
pretextual or the offense so minor that no reasonable officer would issue a citation for it.”
State v. Raleigh, 5th Dist. Licking No. 2007-CA-31, 2007-Ohio-5515, ¶20, citing Whren
v. United States (1996), 517 U.S. 806, 116 S.Ct. 1769, 1774-75, 135 L.Ed.2d 89.
{¶33} Courts in Ohio have determined “pacing” to be an acceptable manner for
determining a vehicle’s speed. State v. Pullin, 5th Dist. Stark No. 2019CA00105, 2020-
Ohio-787, ¶17; State v. Ratliffe, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2019-09-163, 2020-Ohio-3315,
¶22, citing State v. Vang, 12th Dist. Madison No. CA2018-06-017, 2019-Ohio-195, ¶11.
{¶34} In the case sub judice, Trooper Myers paced Appellant at over 130 miles
per hour, and Trooper Myers engaged his overhead lights to attempt to stop him.
Appellant still did not stop. As trial counsel is not required to file a futile motion for
suppression and the record contains no basis for suppression, Appellant has not shown
trial counsel’s performance fell below an objective standard of reasonable
representation.
{¶35} We find no merit in the second proposed Assignment of Error, and it is
hereby overruled.
III.
{¶36} In his third potential Assignment of Error, Appellant suggests the evidence
may be legally insufficient and weighed manifestly against convicting Appellant. We
disagree.
{¶37} Sufficiency of the evidence and manifest weight of the evidence are
separate and distinct legal standards. State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 1997-
Ohio-52, 678 N.E.2d 541. Essentially, sufficiency is a test of adequacy. Id. A sufficiency
of the evidence standard requires the appellate court to examine the evidence admitted
Delaware County, Case No. 22 CAA 04 0027 9
at trial, in the light most favorable to the prosecution, to determine whether such
evidence, if believed, would convince the average mind of the defendant’s guilt beyond
a reasonable doubt. State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d 259.
{¶38} In contrast to the sufficiency of the evidence analysis, when reviewing a
weight of the evidence argument, the appellate court reviews the entire record, weighing
the evidence and all reasonable inferences, considers the credibility of witnesses and
determines whether in resolving conflicts of evidence, the jury clearly lost its way and
created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be reversed and
a new trial ordered. Thompkins at 387.
{¶39} R.C. §2921.331 in pertinent part states:
(B) No person shall operate a motor vehicle so as willfully to elude
or flee a police officer after receiving a visible or audible signal from a police
officer to bring the person’s motor vehicle to a stop.
(C)(1) Whoever violates this section is guilty of failure to comply with
an order or signal of a police officer.
***
(5)(a) A violation of division (B) of this section is a felony of the third
degree if the jury or judge as trier of fact finds any of the following by proof
beyond a reasonable doubt:
(i) The operation of the motor vehicle by the offender was a
proximate cause of serious physical harm to persons or property.
(ii) The operation of the motor vehicle by the offender caused a
substantial risk of serious physical harm to persons or property.
Delaware County, Case No. 22 CAA 04 0027 10
{¶40} At trial, testimony showed Trooper Myers engaged his overhead lights and
siren. Appellant then drove over 130 miles per hour for sixteen miles. In order to safely
stop Appellant, the troopers had to deploy Stop Sticks. After the vehicle stopped,
Appellant was found hiding in a dumpster. Appellant told Trooper Myers he thought law
enforcement would not follow him if Appellant put lives in danger. No evidence was
presented to the contrary.
{¶41} We find the State presented sufficient evidence, if believed by a jury, that
Appellant caused serious harm to the victim and by force and threat of force restrained
the victim’s liberty. Our review of the entire record fails to persuade us that the jury lost
its way and created a manifest miscarriage of justice. Appellant was not convicted
against the manifest weight of the evidence.
{¶42} We find no merit in the third proposed Assignment of Error, and it is hereby
overruled.
IV.
{¶43} In his fourth potential Assignment of Error, Appellant suggests the trial court
may have erred in sentencing Appellant. We disagree.
{¶44} R.C. §2953.08(G)(2) sets forth the standard of review for all felony
sentences. State v. Marcum, 146 Ohio St.3d 516, 2016-Ohio-1002, 59 N.E.3d 1231, ¶1.
Pursuant to R.C. §2953.08(G)(2), an appellate court may only “increase, reduce, or
otherwise modify a sentence * * * or may vacate the sentence and remand the matter to
the sentencing court for resentencing” if the court finds by clear and convincing evidence
“(a)[t]hat the record does not support the sentencing court’s findings[,]” or “(b)[t]hat the
sentence is otherwise contrary to law.” R.C. §2953.08(G)(2)(a)-(b).
Delaware County, Case No. 22 CAA 04 0027 11
{¶45} In the case sub judice, the record clearly supports his sentence. The
sentencing court listened to Appellant’s allocution, knew the facts of the case, and
appropriately analyzed under R.C. §2929.12 and R.C. §2929.13. The sentence was not
contrary to law and was supported by the record.
{¶46} We find no merit in the third proposed Assignment of Error, and it is hereby
overruled. Furthermore, after independently reviewing the record, we agree with
appellate counsel’s conclusion that no arguably meritorious claims exist upon which to
base an appeal. We therefore find the appeal to be wholly frivolous under Anders, grant
counsel’s request to withdraw, and affirm the judgment of the trial court.
{¶47} For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the Court of Common Pleas of
Delaware County, Ohio, is hereby affirmed.
By: Wise, J.
Gwin, P. J., and
Hoffman, J., concur.
JWW/br 0214