Edwards v. Ohio Dept. of Job & Family Servs. , 2017 Ohio 2675 ( 2017 )

[Cite as Edwards v. Ohio Dept. of Job & Family Servs., 2017-Ohio-2675.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
TENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
Stephen and Constance Edwards, :
Appellants-Appellants, :
No. 16AP-607
v. : (C.P.C. No. 15CV-1639)
Ohio Department of Job : (REGULAR CALENDAR)
and Family Services,
:
Appellee-Appellee.
:
D E C I S I O N
Rendered on May 4, 2017
On brief: Roger Warner, for appellants. Argued: Roger
Warner.
On brief: Michael DeWine, Attorney General, and Cheryl R.
Hawkinson, for appellee. Argued: Cheryl R. Hawkinson.
APPEAL from the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas
BROWN, J.
{¶ 1} Stephen and Constance Edwards, appellants, have filed an appeal from the
judgment of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas in which the court affirmed the
decision of the Ohio Department of Job and Family Services ("ODJFS"), appellee.
{¶ 2} Appellants live in Greene County, Ohio, and have been certified foster
parents since 1971. One of the hundreds of foster care children they have cared for is
Daniel, whom they eventually adopted. Daniel was 19 years old at the relevant time here
and living in appellants' home.
No. 16AP-607 2
{¶ 3} On May 10, 2013, Greene County Children Services ("GCCS") conducted a
recertification home study and home inspection of appellants' home. The inspector asked
appellants orally whether any household members had been arrested, charged with, or
convicted of any offenses, and appellants answered "no." They also answered "no" to the
same question on a report the same day. However, on March 20, 2013, Daniel had been
arrested for impersonating an officer and inducing panic, and on May 2, 2013, Daniel had
pled guilty to a fourth-degree misdemeanor charge of impersonating an officer.
{¶ 4} On May 28, 2013, appellants received a notice informing them that they had
been recertified as a foster home. The notice indicated, among other things, that
appellants needed to report any child 12 through 18 years of age residing in the home who
has been convicted of or pled guilty to a criminal offense or was adjudicated delinquent
for an act that would have been a crime if committed by an adult. On June 5, 2013,
Constance called GCCS to see if she was required to report Daniel's conviction. An
investigation subsequently commenced, and GCCS determined appellants had violated
Ohio Adm.Code 5101:2-7-14(H), which requires notice within 24 hours of any conviction
of an adult resident of the home.
{¶ 5} On February 28, 2014, an ODJFS hearing examiner held a hearing. On
December 12, 2014, the hearing examiner issued a report and recommendation
recommending appellants' certification be revoked. Appellants filed objections with the
ODJFS director, but the director concluded they were untimely. On February 9, 2015, the
director issued an adjudication order adopting the hearing examiner's report and
recommendation and revoking appellants' foster care certification.
{¶ 6} Appellants appealed the director's adjudication order to the Franklin
County Court of Common Pleas. On July 27, 2016, the court affirmed the adjudication
order of the ODJFS director revoking appellants' foster care certification. Appellants
appeal the judgment of the trial court, asserting the following two assignments of error:
[I.] THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DETERMINING THAT
THE DECISION OF THE DIRECTOR OF OHIO
DEPARTMENT OF JOBS [sic] AND FAMILY SERVICES
(ODJFS) IN REVOKING THE FOSTER CARE LICENSE OF
APPELLANTS WAS IN ACCORDANCE WITH LAW.
No. 16AP-607 3
[II.] THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN OVERRULING
APPELLANTS' MOTION TO VACATE THE ORDER OF THE
DIRECTOR WHERE THE AGENCY REINTERPRETED THE
LICENSE REQUIREMENTS AND REINSTATED
APPELLANTS' LICENSE SUBSEQUENT TO ITS ADJUDICA-
TION ORDER.
{¶ 7} Appellants argue in their first assignment of error that the trial court erred
when it found the adjudication order of the director revoking appellants' foster care
certification was in accordance with law. When reviewing an order of an administrative
agency, pursuant to R.C. 119.12, a common pleas court must affirm the order if, upon
consideration of the entire record, the order is in accordance with law and is supported by
reliable, probative, and substantial evidence. Our Place, Inc. v. Ohio Liquor Control
Comm., 63 Ohio St.3d 570, 571 (1992). In reviewing the decision of the trial court, an
appellate court is limited to determining whether the trial court abused its discretion.
Bryant Health Care Ctr., Inc. v. Ohio Dept. of Job & Family Servs., 10th Dist. No. 13AP-
263, 2014-Ohio-92, ¶ 23. However, an appellate court has plenary review of purely legal
questions. Id. Furthermore, a reviewing court should accord considerable "deference to
an administrative agency's interpretation of its own rules and regulations where the
interpretation is consistent with the statutory law and the plain language of the rules."
Alternative Residences, Two, Inc. v. Ohio Dept. of Job & Family Servs., 10th Dist. No.
04AP-306, 2004-Ohio-6444, ¶ 18, citing State ex rel. Celebrezze v. Natl. Lime & Stone
Co., 68 Ohio St.3d 377, 382 (1994).
{¶ 8} Appellants argue that at each level of appeal, ODJFS indicated it had no
discretion once appellants acknowledged that they failed to report Daniel's charges within
24 hours pursuant to Ohio Adm.Code 5101:2-7-14(H). However, appellants contend there
was an alternative remedy available in the foster care manual issued by GCCS with the
approval of ODJFS. Appellants assert there is a corrective action plan that allows GCCS to
work with a home that is out of compliance with regulations. Appellants argue that
neither the hearing examiner nor the director addressed GCCS's ability to arrive at an
alternative treatment under the corrective action plan. Instead, ODJFS believed that any
charge must be reported within 24 hours, and the trial court believed it had to give due
deference to ODJFS's interpretation.
No. 16AP-607 4
{¶ 9} Former Ohio Adm.Code 5101:2-7-14(H) provided:
A foster caregiver shall notify the recommending agency
within twenty-four hours of any charge of any criminal offense
brought against the caregiver or any adult resident of his
home. If the charges result in a conviction, the foster caregiver
shall notify the recommending agency within twenty-four
hours of the conviction. Failure to notify the agency in either
of these circumstances shall result in the agency
recommending the Ohio department of job and family
services (ODJFS) seek an order to revoke or deny the
caregiver's certification to operate a foster home.
{¶ 10} Initially, the mandate for the reporting of any criminal offense within 24
hours and the repercussions for failing to notify are set forth in explicit terms in former
Ohio Adm.Code 5101:2-7-14(H). Thus, despite what the foster care manual issued by
GCCS indicates, the Ohio Administrative Code clearly addresses the current factual
circumstances, and appellants fail to cite any authority that the GCCS foster care manual
should control over the Ohio Administrative Code. Nevertheless, Elizabeth Jackson, a
foster care specialist for GCCS, testified that a corrective action plan, as set forth in the
foster care manual, could not be implemented here because appellants' actions were a
clear violation of a rule that clearly states to proceed with revocation if violated. She gave
examples of when a corrective action plan would be implemented due to lack of
compliance, such as when the foster parents fail to submit a monthly form or medical
documentation for the child for appointments or prescriptions. She testified that a
corrective action plan would not have been proper here because appellants had already
been trained on the reporting rule, and appellants had already reported a similar pending
fourth-degree misdemeanor charge, demonstrating that they understood the rule. Thus,
even if the GCCS foster care manual gave GCCS some discretion as to what action to take
after appellants reported their violation, Jackson provided supporting evidence that
appellants' circumstances did not fall within GCCS's parameters for issuing a corrective
action plan.
{¶ 11} Appellants also point out that GCCS contacted the liaison at ODJFS, and the
liaison informed GCCS that it was required by former Ohio Adm.Code 5101:2-7-14(H) to
make the recommendation to revoke appellants' certification. Appellants contend that it is
No. 16AP-607 5
a violation of due process for ODJFS to, in essence, make a recommendation to itself to
revoke. We disagree. "Due process requires that an individual in an administrative
proceeding is entitled to a fair hearing before an impartial tribunal." Serednesky v. Ohio
State Bd. of Psychology, 10th Dist. No. 05AP-633, 2006-Ohio-3146, ¶ 21, citing In re
Murchison, 349 U.S. 133, 136 (1955). The key factor in deciding whether a hearing
satisfies procedural due process is whether the claimant had the opportunity to present
the facts that demonstrate he was entitled to benefits. Howard v. Electronic Classroom of
Tomorrow, 10th Dist. No. 11AP-159, 2011-Ohio-6059, ¶ 15, citing Atkins v. Dir., Ohio
Dept. of Job & Family Servs., 10th Dist. No. 08AP-182, 2008-Ohio-4109, ¶ 17. "It is well-
settled that a reviewing court must presume that the decision of an administrative agency
is valid and was reached in a sound manner." West Virginia v. Ohio Hazardous Waste
Facility Approval Bd., 28 Ohio St.3d 83, 86 (1986). "This presumption imposes upon an
appellant the burden of proving his or her contention that a hearing examiner in a cause
was biased, partial or prejudiced to such a degree that the hearing examiner's presence
adversely affected the board's decision." Althof v. Ohio State Bd. of Psychology, 10th Dist.
No. 05AP-1169, 2007-Ohio-1010, ¶ 35.
{¶ 12} Here, in essence, what appellants contend is that ODJFS was biased in its
subsequent decisions because it had previously decided the matter when it advised GCCS.
We disagree. Initially, appellants present no evidence to support any argument that the
hearing examiner and the director failed to review the merits of the matter. Furthermore,
ODJFS's advisement to GCCS was only with regard to what actions GCCS should take.
ODJFS did not make any premature decision as to what its determination would be if the
matter came before it later. Insofar as due process is concerned, the record is clear that
appellants were able to fully and fairly litigate the matter and had the opportunity to
present the facts. The record is devoid of any indication that ODJFS's advisement to
GCCS had any impact of ODJFS's later review of the merits. Therefore, we find this
argument without merit.
{¶ 13} Appellants also make the argument under this assignment of error that
ODJFS erred when it found the objections to the director from the report and
recommendation of the hearing examiner were untimely. Ohio Adm.Code 5101:6-50-
09(B)(1) provides that service of the hearing examiner's report and recommendation must
No. 16AP-607 6
be made to both the appellant and the appellant's attorney. However, Ohio Adm.Code
5101:6-50-09(B)(2) provides that any objections to the hearing examiner's report "must
be received no later than ten days after the appellant receives the report." Here, appellants
were served via certified mail on December 13, 2014, while counsel was not served until
December 15, 2014. Pursuant to Ohio Adm.Code 5101:6-50-09(B)(2), appellants had ten
days from the date of service to themselves to file objections; thus, they were required to
file objections by December 23, 2014. They did not file objections until December 26,
2014.
{¶ 14} Appellants contend that where service is required on a party as well as on
counsel, as Ohio Adm.Code 5101:6-50-09(B)(1) requires, logic demands that service on
appellants is not complete until service on counsel is made. Appellants assert that any
other interpretation could lead to absurd results. We disagree. The issue of service here is
not one of interpretation, as appellants suggest. Instead, the Ohio Administrative Code
clearly and explicitly indicates that the deadline to file objections begins to run on service
to the appellants. Although appellants present an equitable argument as to why this is
unfair, they support it with no case law or other authority. Given the clear mandates of
Ohio Adm.Code 5101:6-50-09(B)(2), we cannot say the ODJFS director erred in finding
that appellants' objections to the hearing examiner's report and recommendation were
untimely.
{¶ 15} Appellants also argue that even if their objections were untimely, the
director still had a duty to review the hearing examiner's report and recommendation. In
this regard, appellants argue that a de minimus violation should not give rise to the
forfeiture of a valued certification, given the following facts: they had a 40-year financial
and emotional investment in service to children; Daniel's violation was only a fourth-
degree misdemeanor; appellants self-reported; and Daniel's conviction was not a
disqualifying factor if it had been reported. The director indicated in the adjudication
order that she had reviewed the record in the matter and approved and adopted the
hearing examiner's report and recommendation. The director found that the findings in
the report and recommendation constituted a legal basis for revocation of appellants'
foster care certification. There is no dispute that appellants violated Ohio Adm.Code
5101:2-7-14(H), and we are without authority to modify ODJFS's penalty of revocation.
No. 16AP-607 7
Neither the court of common pleas nor this court may modify the penalty imposed if the
penalty was authorized by law, once it is determined that ODJFS's order was supported by
reliable, probative, and substantial evidence. See Henry's Cafe, Inc. v. Bd. of Liquor
Control, 170 Ohio St. 233 (1959), paragraphs two and three of the syllabus. Given our
above findings, we conclude the common pleas court did not abuse its discretion, and its
decision was in accord with the law on all legal issues. Therefore, appellants' first
assignment of error is overruled.
{¶ 16} Appellants argue in their second assignment of error that the trial court
erred when it overruled their motion to vacate the order of the director when the agency
reinterpreted the requirements and reinstated appellants' certification subsequent to its
adjudication order. Appellants contend that ODJFS eventually recertified appellants as a
foster care provider on May 29, 2015, following the usual procedure for recertification.
Appellants point out they are still not in compliance with the rule that caused the
revocation in the present case, yet the agency has now apparently waived the violation and
reissued a certification.
{¶ 17} However, we find ODJFS's subsequent recertification is a separate matter
and irrelevant to the determination in the present case. The only issue before this court is
whether the trial court abused its discretion when it found ODJFS's current order was
supported by reliable, probative, and substantial evidence and in accordance with the law.
Furthermore, as ODJFS points out, evidence of a subsequent recertification is not "newly
discovered" evidence, as permitted by R.C. 119.12(K), but newly created evidence that was
created after ODJFS's adjudication. For these reasons, appellants' arguments are without
merit, and their second assignment of error is overruled.
{¶ 18} Accordingly, appellants' two assignments of error are overruled, and the
judgment of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
TYACK, P.J., and LUPER SCHUSTER, J., concur.
_____________________