M.C. v. S.L. , 2014 Ohio 3338 ( 2014 )

[Cite as M.C. v. S.L., 2014-Ohio-3338.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
TENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
M.C., :
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
No. 13AP-917
v. : (C.P.C. No. 12JU-08-11523)
S.L., : (REGULAR CALENDAR)
Defendant-Appellant. :
D E C I S I O N
Rendered on July 31, 2014
S.L., pro se.
APPEAL from the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas,
Division of Domestic Relations, Juvenile Branch.
BROWN, J.
{¶ 1} S.L., defendant-appellant, appeals from a judgment of the Franklin County
Court of Common Pleas, Division of Domestic Relations, Juvenile Branch, in which the
court dismissed appellant's motion for continuance, motion for appointment of counsel,
and motion to set visitation.
{¶ 2} Appellant gave birth to a daughter in August 2006. L.L. is the minor child's
father. Appellant and L.L. were married in November 2007. In 2010, the court sentenced
appellant to a prison term for involuntary manslaughter and aggravated robbery with an
expected release date of 2025. On August 28, 2012, plaintiff-appellee, M.C., the child's
paternal aunt and with whom the child had been living pursuant to the consent of both
parents, filed a complaint for allocation of parental rights. The trial court held a hearing
on M.C.'s motion, but neither appellant nor L.L. appeared. On November 15, 2012, the
No. 13AP-917 2
trial court issued a decision in which the court designated M.C. legal custodian for the
child. The court ordered visitation with appellant and L.L. as agreed between the parties
and M.C.
{¶ 3} On July 15, 2013, M.C. filed a motion to set support. The hearing on the
motion to set support was scheduled for August 20, 2013.
{¶ 4} On August 7, 2013, appellant filed a motion to set visitation. Appellant
sought visitation with the child and alleged that M.C. had denied her visitation. Appellant
also requested that the court issue an order to convey so she could attend the hearing or,
in the alternative, allow her to be present via telephone or video. The motion was set for a
hearing September 26, 2013.
{¶ 5} On August 13, 2013, appellant filed a motion for continuance of the
August 20, 2013 hearing and requested that the court let her appear at that hearing via
telephone or video conference. Also on August 13, 2013, appellant filed a motion for
appointment of counsel.
{¶ 6} On August 20, 2013, the magistrate held the previously scheduled hearing
on M.C.'s motion to set support and granted said motion. The trial court adopted the
magistrate's decision on October 17, 2013.
{¶ 7} On September 25, 2013, appellant filed a motion requesting that the court
contact her for the September 26, 2013 hearing. Appellant indicated that she was
available to appear at the hearing through an order to convey or, in the alternative,
requested that she be able to attend via telephone or video. Appellant included the contact
information for her case manager and the various times appellant was available.
{¶ 8} On September 26, 2013, a hearing was held on appellant's August 7, 2013
motion to set visitation, August 13, 2013 motion for continuance (although it actually
sought continuance of the August 20, 2013 hearing), and motion for appointment of
counsel. Appellant did not appear at the hearing. On September 27, 2013, the magistrate
issued a decision and entry in which she dismissed appellant's three motions based upon
her failure to appear at the hearing. The trial court adopted the magistrate's September
27, 2013 decision on the same day. Appellant appeals the judgment of the trial court,
asserting the following assignments of error:
[I.] THE TRIAL COURT ERRED TO THE PREJUDICE OF
APPELLANT AND ABUSED ITS DISCRETION WHEN IT
No. 13AP-917 3
DISMISSED THIS CASE WITHOUT PRIOR NOTICE TO
APPELLANT, DENIED THE REQUEST OF APPELLANT TO
BE PRESENT AT THE HEARING(S) ON VISITATION &
PARENTING TIME WITHOUT FULLY ADDRESSING THE
ISSUES RAISED IN THE AUGUST 7, 2013 MOTION TO BE
PRESENT, OR THE ALTERNATIVES RAISED IN SUCH
MOTION.
[II.] THE TRIAL COURT ERRED TO THE PREJUDICE OF
APPELLANT AND ABUSED ITS DISCRETION WHEN IT
DENIED THE REQUEST OF APPELLANT TO BE PRESENT
AT THE HEARING(S) ON VISITATION & PARENTING
TIME WITHOUT FULLY ADDRESSING THE ISSUES
RAISED IN THE AUGUST 7, 2013 MOTION TO BE
PRESENT, OR THE ALTERNATIVES RAISED IN SUCH
MOTION.
[III.] THE TRIAL COURT ERRED TO THE PREJUDICE OF
APPELLANT AND DENIED HER DUE PROCESS AND THE
OPPORTUNITY TO FULLY AND FAIRLY LITIGATE HER
CLAIM WITHOUT A CONSIDERATION OF THE BEST
INTERESTS FACTORS UNDER 3109.051(D) BY
DISMISSING HER MOTION.
{¶ 9} Before addressing appellant's assignments of error, we must address the
fact that appellant failed to file objections to the magistrate's September 27, 2013
decision. Civ.R. 53(D)(3)(b)(iv) provides, in pertinent part, that "[e]xcept for a claim of
plain error, a party shall not assign as error on appeal the court's adoption of any factual
finding or legal conclusion, whether or not specifically designated as a finding of fact or
conclusion of law under Civ.R. 53(D)(3)(a)(ii), unless the party has objected to that
finding or conclusion as required by Civ.R. 53(D)(3)(b)." Thus, the failure to file
objections to a magistrate's decision under Civ.R. 53(D)(3)(b) constitutes the waiver of the
right to appellate review of all but plain error. Buford v. Singleton, 10th Dist. No. 04AP-
904, 2005-Ohio-753, ¶ 6. In appeals of civil cases, the plain error doctrine is not favored
and may be applied only in the extremely rare case involving exceptional circumstances
where error seriously affects the basic fairness, integrity or public reputation of the
judicial process itself. Goldfuss v. Davidson, 79 Ohio St.3d 116 (1997), syllabus. Therefore,
our review of appellant's assignments of error in the present case is limited to plain error.
No. 13AP-917 4
{¶ 10} We first address appellant's second assignment of error because it is
dispositive of her other assignments of error. Appellant argues in her second assignment
of error that the trial court erred when it denied her request to be present at the hearing
on visitation and parenting time without fully addressing the issues raised in her
August 7, 2013 motion. Appellant maintains that, pursuant to her request included in her
motion to set visitation, the trial court should have permitted her to appear personally at
the hearing or, in the alternative, appear via telephone or video conference.
{¶ 11} In both her August 7 and 25, 2013 pleadings, appellant requested that she
be able to personally attend the hearing on her request for visitation and parenting time
or, in the alternative, be present via telephone or video conference. The trial court
implicitly denied these requests. In situations where a party is unrepresented by counsel
and incarcerated, trial courts should pursue avenues other than dismissal for want of
prosecution in order to ensure that those claims so deserving be adjudicated on their
merits. Laguta v. Serieko, 48 Ohio App.3d 266, 267 (9th Dist.1988), citing Poole v.
Lambert, 819 F.2d 1025 (11th Cir.1987); Palmer v. Decatur, 814 F.2d 426 (7th Cir.1987);
Reynolds v. Foree, 771 F.2d 1179 (8th Cir.1985); Sisk v. United States, 756 F.2d 497 (7th
Cir.1985); Holt v. Pitts, 619 F.2d 558 (6th Cir.1980); Heidelberg v. Hammer, 577 F.2d
429 (7th Cir.1978). Even if a trial court finds an inmate's request to convey prohibitive,
"[w]hen prisoners are involved in civil actions in courts and the court does not find it
appropriate to transport the prisoner to the courthouse, a trial court should consider
innovative, alternative ways for the prisoner to participate in the action, such as telephone
conference calls, rather than rendering judgment against the prisoner, especially if the
prisoner suggests an alternative means for participation." Shepard Grain Co. v. Creager,
160 Ohio App.3d 377, 2005-Ohio-1717, ¶ 24 (2d Dist.) (although the trial court denied
inmate's motion to convey, the court abused its discretion when denied his motion to be
heard via telephone at the hearing). Furthermore, even though an inmate in a civil
proceeding does not have a constitutional right to counsel, a trial court should consider
the appointment of pro bono counsel. Harden v. Dayton, 2d Dist. No. 22072, 2008-Ohio-
1599, ¶ 30, citing Freeman v. Kimble-Freeman, 8th Dist. No. 79287 (Nov. 29, 2001).
{¶ 12} In the present case, appellant has made multiple filings with the court,
requested several continuances, and requested the appointment of counsel,
No. 13AP-917 5
demonstrating her interest in participating in the custody and care of her daughter. See
Shepard Grain Co. at ¶ 24 (trial court abused its discretion in failing to allow inmate to
participate in hearing via telephone when inmate made multiple filings and consistently
demonstrated his interest in the case); Harden at ¶ 30 (trial court erred in dismissing
action for failure to prosecute without exploring ways to allow inmate to participate in
proceedings when inmate had requested discovery, appointment of counsel, and
continuances on multiple occasions). The trial court here should have considered less
drastic alternatives to the outright dismissal of her motion for failure to prosecute. It is a
basic tenet of Ohio jurisprudence that cases should be decided on their merits. Perotti v.
Ferguson, 7 Ohio St.3d 1, 3 (1983). Dismissing an action without considering less drastic
alternatives does not advance the judicial principle of deciding cases on the merits.
Jordan v. Ivanchak, 11th Dist. No. 88-T-4102 (Dec. 15, 1989). Whenever feasible and
reasonable, an inmate should be provided access to the courts, particularly, as here, when
the best interests of the inmate's child are at stake. See, e.g., Porter v. Rose, 8th Dist. No.
79697, 2002-Ohio-3432, ¶ 18 (questioning whether a trial court may dismiss a civil
complaint from an incarcerated pro se defendant without first considering other methods
of providing the complainant access to the courts). While all of the above alternatives may
not be feasible in every case, a trial court should at least consider these options. Dohm v.
Dohm, 11th Dist. No. 2010-L-091, 2011-Ohio-1166, ¶ 29 (J. Grendell, dissenting).
{¶ 13} Here, there is no evidence that the court considered any alternatives to the
dismissal of appellant's motion, and the trial court never addressed whether it would be
able to accommodate appellant's incarceration. In addition, although we acknowledge
that many of the above-cited cases involve the dismissal of the entire action, the same
underlying rationale discussed in them applies to the present case. Although appellant
could refile her motion for visitation, doing so would result in a repeating cycle of filings
and dismissals until she obtained counsel or is released from jail.
{¶ 14} Therefore, appellant's second assignment of error is well-taken. We must
remand the matter to the trial court to allow appellant to pursue the prosecution of her
motion to set visitation. We encourage the trial court to consider alternative means of
allowing appellant to participate in the proceedings. Based upon the disposition of
No. 13AP-917 6
appellant's second assignment of error, her remaining assignments of error are rendered
moot.
{¶ 15} Accordingly, appellant's second assignment of error is sustained, and
appellant's first and third assignments of error are rendered moot. The judgment of the
Franklin County Court of Common Pleas, Division of Domestic Relations, Juvenile
Branch, is reversed, and this matter is remanded to that court for further proceedings in
accordance with law, consistent with this decision.
Judgment reversed and cause remanded.
SADLER, P.J., and TYACK, J., concur.
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