State v. Farley , 2012 Ohio 3620 ( 2012 )

[Cite as State v. Farley, 2012-Ohio-3620.]
COURT OF APPEALS
ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO : JUDGES:
:
: Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, P.J.
Plaintiff-Appellee : Hon. William B. Hoffman, J.
: Hon. John W. Wise, J.
-vs- :
: Case No. 11-COA-042
PHILLIP A. FARLEY :
:
:
Defendant-Appellant : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Ashland County Court of
Common Pleas, Juvenile Division Case
No. 20114052
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: August 1, 2012
APPEARANCES:
For Appellant: For Appellee:
JOSEPH P. KEARNS, JR. RAMONA FRANCESCONI ROGERS
P.O. Box 345 ASHLAND COUNTY PROSECUTOR
153 W. Main St.
Ashland, OH 44805 ANDREW N. BUSH
110 Cottage Street
Ashland, OH 44805
Delaney, P.J.
{¶1} Defendant-Appellant Phillip A. Farley appeals his conviction and
sentence by the Ashland County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, for one
count of Endangering Children, a first degree misdemeanor in violation of R.C.
2919.22(B)(1). Plaintiff-Appellee is the State of Ohio.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
{¶2} S.B. asked Appellant to babysit her three children on August 3, 2010
because she was scheduled to have outpatient surgery. (T. 27.) The youngest of
S.B.’s three children is B.H., born on October 23, 2008. Id. Appellant had known S.B.
for a year and was familiar with her children. (T. 120-121.) Appellant is 32 years old.
(T. 120.)
{¶3} When S.B. put B.H. to bed on August 2, 2010, she did not notice any
bruising or injury to his face. (T. 29.)
{¶4} On August 3, 2010 at 2:00 a.m., Appellant came to S.B.’s apartment,
located in Loudonville, Ohio. (T. 123.) Appellant took a nap on the couch downstairs.
(T. 123.) At 4:30 a.m., S.B.’s mother picked S.B. up at the apartment and took S.B. to
the hospital. (T. 10.) Appellant was awake on the couch and the children were asleep
in their room when S.B. left. (T. 29.)
{¶5} S.B.’s mother picked the children up at S.B.’s apartment after the
surgery. (T. 11.) Appellant and B.H. were in the house when she arrived. (T. 12-13.)
When S.B.’s mother saw B.H., she noticed a mark on his face. (T. 13.) S.B.’s mother
testified there was a mark on the right side and the left side of B.H.’s face. (T. 16.)
The mark on the left side of B.H.’s face looked like a handprint. (T. 16.)
{¶6} Appellant told S.B.’s mother that B.H. had fallen off the banister and he
went to catch B.H. with his hand. (T. 13.) The steps to the apartment do not have a
traditional banister on the left side. There is an opening in the wall on the stairs and
that is three feet high from the floor of the adjoining room. (T. 37.) B.H. would climb
on the wall but S.B. has never seen B.H. fall off the wall. (T. 37.) B.H. was able to go
up and down the steps by sliding on the steps. (T. 38.)
{¶7} S.B.’s mother brought the children back to her home. (T. 30.) S.B. saw
the mark on B.H.’s face and called the Loudonville Police Department. (T. 33.) The
police and paramedics responded. (T. 33.) The paramedics examined B.H. and S.B.
did not have B.H. transported to the hospital. Id. The Loudonville Police Department
took photographs of B.H.’s injuries. (T. 33.)
{¶8} Detective Coey of the Loudonville Police Department interviewed
Appellant on August 4, 2010. (T. 42.) Appellant told Det. Coey that B.H. came down
the steps and fell over the banister. Appellant was sitting on the couch and he
attempted to catch the child as he was falling. (T. 46.)
{¶9} On April 7, 2011, Appellant was charged with one count of Endangering
Children in violation of R.C. 2919.22(B)(1), a first degree misdemeanor. Appellant
waived his right to a jury trial in writing and in the presence of the trial court on
September 22, 2011. The bench trial went forward on September 22, 2011.
{¶10} At trial, S.B.’s mother and S.B. testified. Dr. Richard D. Steiner, of Akron
Children’s Hospital, testified as to his expert opinion that the injuries on B.H.’s face
were the result of physical abuse. (T. 98.) The abusive event was a hand slap. Id. In
order to reach this opinion, Dr. Steiner reviewed the police photographs and the police
reports. (T. 82-83.) Dr. Steiner testified Appellant’s explanation for the injuries to
B.H.’s face was not congruent with the injuries. (T. 89.) If B.H. was falling, a grab on
to the face would not be sufficient to cause the injuries, but a hand slap would cause
the injuries. (T. 90.) The red linear imprints on B.H.’s face were congruent with a
hand slap. (T. 91.)
{¶11} Appellant testified in his own defense. He testified he was sitting on the
couch and he saw B.H. fall. (T. 127.) Appellant dove across the room and he
grabbed B.H.’s head with two hands. Id. Appellant applied ice to the redness to
B.H.’s face. (T. 128.)
{¶12} At the conclusion of the evidence, the trial court found Appellant guilty of
one count of Endangering Children. Appellant was currently incarcerated for felony
drug trafficking through a conviction in the Holmes County Court of Common Pleas.
The trial court sentenced Appellant to 120 days in the Ashland County Jail. The jail
sentence was to be served consecutively to the period of incarceration that Appellant
was presently serving. (Judgment Entry, Sept. 22, 2011.)
{¶13} It is from this decision Appellant now appeals.
ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
{¶14} Appellant raises three Assignments of Error:
{¶15} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION WHEN IT
ADMITTED THE TESTIMONY OF DR. STEINER WITHOUT PROPER FOUNDATION.
{¶16} “II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN SENTENCING THE APPELLANT TO
SERVE HIS MISDEMEANOR SENTENCE CONSECUTIVE TO HIS EXISTING
FELONY SENTENCE.
{¶17} “III. THE TRIAL COURT ERR [SIC] IN FINDING THE STATE HAD MET
ITS BURDEN OF PROOF AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.”
ANALYSIS
I.
{¶18} Appellant argues in his first Assignment of Error that the trial court
abused its discretion when it admitted the testimony of Dr. Steiner. We disagree.
{¶19} At trial, Appellant made a continuing objection to the testimony of Dr.
Steiner as to his opinion that the series of linear bruises of B.H.’s face were
characteristic of a hand slap. (T. 86.) The basis of Appellant’s objection was a lack of
foundation for the admission of Dr. Steiner’s ultimate opinion. Appellant argues Dr.
Steiner could not render an opinion because he only reviewed photographs of the
injuries and read police reports. Appellant cites Evid.R. 702 in support of his
argument.
{¶20} Evid.R. 702 states:
A witness may testify as an expert if all of the following apply:
(A) The witness' testimony either relates to matters beyond the
knowledge or experience possessed by lay persons or dispels a
misconception common among lay persons;
(B) The witness is qualified as an expert by specialized knowledge, skill,
experience, training, or education regarding the subject matter of the
testimony;
(C) The witness' testimony is based on reliable scientific, technical, or
other specialized information. To the extent that the testimony reports
the result of a procedure, test, or experiment, the testimony is reliable
only if all of the following apply:
(1) The theory upon which the procedure, test, or experiment is
based is objectively verifiable or is validly derived from widely accepted
knowledge, facts, or principles;
(2) The design of the procedure, test, or experiment reliably
implements the theory;
(3) The particular procedure, test, or experiment was conducted in
a way that will yield an accurate result.
{¶21} Determinations regarding the admissibility of expert testimony are
generally within the discretion of the trial court and, absent an abuse of that discretion,
will not be overturned. Miller v. Bike Athletic Co., 80 Ohio St.3d 607, 616, 687 N.E.2d
73 (1998); Rigby v. Lake Cty., 58 Ohio St.3d 269, 271, 569 N.E.2d 1056 (1991) (“a
trial court is vested with broad discretion in determining the admissibility of evidence in
any particular case, so long as such discretion is exercised in line with the rules of
procedure and evidence”).
{¶22} Dr. Steiner’s testimony qualifies under Evid.R. 702(B) based upon his
“specialized knowledge, * * * experience, training, [and] education regarding the
subject matter * * *.” According to Evid.R. 702(C), his testimony must be based on
“reliable * * * specialized information” to be admitted, but because his testimony did
not involve scientific or technical testing or procedures, the further requirements of
Evid.R. 702(C)(1) to (3) are not at issue.
{¶23} “[A] witness qualified as an expert by knowledge, skill, experience,
training or education may have her testimony presented in the form of an opinion or
otherwise and it need not be just scientific or technical knowledge. The rule includes
more. The phrase ‘other specialized knowledge’ is found in the rule and, accordingly,
if a person has information which has been acquired by experience, training or
education which would assist the trier of fact in understanding the evidence or a fact in
issue and the information is beyond common experience, such person may testify. * *
* [I]n child abuse cases, experts, properly qualified, might include a priest, a social
worker or a teacher, any of whom might have specialized knowledge.” State v.
Stowers, 81 Ohio St.3d 260, 690 N.E.2d 881 (1998) citing State v. Boston, 46 Ohio
St.3d 108, 118-119, 545 N.E.2d 1220.
{¶24} Dr. Steiner testified to his significant experience in child abuse pediatrics.
(T. 70.) Dr. Steiner testified he regularly reviewed cases of suspected child abuse
through photographs and investigative reports and has enough information to render
an opinion. (T. 83.) He discussed the three criteria that he relies on when diagnosing
cases of child abuse: history, plausibility, and congruence. (T. 68-71.) He has found it
to be a reliable method of diagnosing child abuse and it was a standard practice within
the pediatric field to use that criteria. Id.{¶25} Dr. Steiner testified B.H. suffered a high velocity slap to his face based
on the breaking of the blood vessels on the face. (T. 86-88.) Comparing Appellant’s
version of the events causing the injury to the face, Dr. Steiner concluded Appellant’s
version was not congruent to the injuries. A grab or a squeeze to catch a child falling
a few feet would not result in the same injuries. (T. 86.)
{¶26} We find no abuse of discretion to admit the testimony of Dr. Steiner.
{¶27} Appellant’s first Assignment of Error is overruled.
II.
{¶28} Appellant argues in his second Assignment of Error the trial court erred
in sentencing Appellant to serve the misdemeanor sentence in the present case
consecutively to his existing felony sentence rendered in a separate case. We
disagree.
{¶29} The trial court found Appellant was in violation of R.C. 2919.22(B)(1), a
first degree misdemeanor. The trial court sentenced Appellant to 120 days in jail. At
the time of trial, Appellant was currently incarcerated under a conviction and sentence
for felony drug trafficking by the Holmes County Court of Common Pleas. The trial
court in the present case ordered that the jail sentence imposed would be served
consecutively to the period of incarceration that Appellant was presently serving on
unrelated charges. (Judgment Entry, Sept. 22, 2011.)
{¶30} We find the trial court followed current Ohio sentencing laws to order
Appellant to serve his misdemeanor sentence consecutively to an unrelated felony.
Prior to State v. Foster, 109 Ohio St.3d 1, 2006-Ohio-856, 845 N.E.2d 470, R.C.
2929.41(A) stated in part: “[e]xcept as provided in division (B)(3) of this section, a jail
term or sentence of imprisonment for misdemeanor shall be served concurrently with a
prison term or sentence of imprisonment for felony served in a state or federal
correctional institution.” In State v. Butts, 58 Ohio St,3d 250, 569 N.E.2d 885 (1991),
syllabus, the Ohio Supreme Court held that “R.C. 2929.41(A) requires that a sentence
imposed for a misdemeanor conviction must be served concurrently with any felony
sentence.” State v. Foster, however, declared R.C. 2929.41(A) unconstitutional and
severed it from the remainder of the statute. Foster, paragraph three and four of the
syllabus. In the wake of Foster, we are left with R.C. 2929.41(B).1 State v. Trainer,
2nd Dist. No. 08-CA-04, 2009-Ohio-906, ¶ 10, appeal not allowed, 122 Ohio St.3d
1478, 2009-Ohio-3625, 910 N.E.2d 477. See also State v. Stevens, 10th Dist. Nos.
10AP-207, 10-AP-208, 2010-Ohio-4747, appeal not allowed, 127 Ohio St.3d 1547,
2011-Ohio-647, 941 N.E.2d 805; State v. Hughley, 8th Dist. No. 92588, 2009-Ohio-
5824, ¶ 10; State v. Walters, 6th Dist. No. L-08-1238, 2009-Ohio-3198, ¶ 30; State v.
Terry, 171 Ohio App.3d 473, 871 N.E.2d 634, 2007-Ohio-1096, ¶ 9; and State v.
Elkins, 5th Dist. No. 05 CA 0008, 2006-Ohio-3997.
{¶31} R.C. 2929.41(B)(1) states:
A jail term or sentence of imprisonment for a misdemeanor shall
be served consecutively to any other prison term, jail term, or sentence
of imprisonment when the trial court specifies that it is to be served
consecutively or when it is imposed for a misdemeanor violation of
section 2907.322, 2921.34, or 2923.131 of the Revised Code.
When consecutive sentences are imposed for a misdemeanor
under this division, the term to be served is the aggregate of the
1
H.B. 86 was effective on September 30, 2011. It amended R.C. 2929.41(A). H.B. 86 stated as to R.C.
2929.41: “In amending division (E)(4) of section 2929.14 and division (A) of section 2929.41 of the
Revised Code in this act, it is the intent of the General Assembly to simultaneously repeal and revive the
amended language in those divisions that was invalidated and severed by the Ohio Supreme Court's
decision in State v. Foster (2006), 109 Ohio St.3d 1. The amended language in those divisions is subject
to reenactment under the United States Supreme Court's decision in Oregon v. Ice (2009), 555 U.S. 160,
and the Ohio Supreme Court's decision in State v. Hodge (2010), ... Ohio St.3d ..., Slip Opinion No.
2010–Ohio–6320 and, although constitutional under Hodge, supra, that language is not enforceable until
deliberately revived by the General Assembly.”
consecutive terms imposed, except that the aggregate term to be served
shall not exceed eighteen months.
{¶32} Governing consecutive misdemeanor and felony sentences is also R.C.
2929.41(B)(3). It states:
A jail term or sentence of imprisonment imposed for a misdemeanor
violation of section 4510.11, 4510.14, 4510.16, 4510.21, or 4511.19 of
the Revised Code shall be served consecutively to a prison term that is
imposed for a felony violation of section 2903.06, 2903.07, 2903.08, or
4511.19 of the Revised Code or a felony violation of section 2903.04 of
the Revised Code involving the operation of a motor vehicle by the
offender and that is served in a state correctional institution when the
trial court specifies that it is to be served consecutively.
{¶33} In State v. Trainer, the Second District Court of Appeals analyzed the
impact of Foster on R.C. 2929.41(B)(1) and R.C. 2929.41(B)(3):
We concede that the trial court's reading of R.C. 2929.41(B)(1)
renders R.C. 2929.41(B)(3) superfluous. Before it was excised from the
Revised Code, R.C. 2929.41(A) prohibited consecutive misdemeanor
and felony sentences, subject to the exceptions found in R.C.
2929.41(B)(3). Because R.C. 2929.41(A) no longer exists, however, we
are left with R.C. 2929.41(B)(1), which allows consecutive misdemeanor
and felony sentences in all cases, as recognized by the Twelfth District
in Terry, supra, and the Fifth District in Elkins, supra. To read R.C.
2929.41(B)(3) as identifying the only circumstances under which a trial
court may order consecutive misdemeanor and felony sentences is to
ignore the plain language of R.C. 2929.41(B)(1), which states that “[a] jail
term or sentence of imprisonment for a misdemeanor shall be served
consecutively to any other prison term * * * when the trial court specifies
that it is to be served consecutively[.]” (Emphasis added). On the other
hand, to read R.C. 2929.41(B)(1) as authorizing consecutive
misdemeanor and felony sentences in all cases admittedly renders R.C.
2929.41(B)(3) surplusage. But this is a consequence of the Ohio
Supreme Court's decision to excise R.C. 2929.41(A) from the Revised
Code while leaving R.C. 2929.41(B) intact.
State v. Trainer, 2009-Ohio-906, ¶ 19-21,
{¶34} Pursuant to R.C. 2929.41(B)(1), the trial court followed Ohio sentencing
laws in ordering Appellant to serve his misdemeanor sentence consecutively to an
unrelated felony sentence. See also, Brown v. Reid, 8th Dist. No. 94384, 2010-Ohio-
527, citing State v. Bates, 118 Ohio St.3d 174, 2008-Ohio-1983, ¶ 11, (holding after
Foster, a trial court has the authority to impose a prison sentence to be served
consecutively to a prison sentence previously imposed on the same offender by
another Ohio court).
{¶35} Appellant’s second Assignment of Error is overruled.
III.
{¶36} Appellant argues in his third Assignment of Error the verdict of the trial
court was against the manifest weight of the evidence. We disagree.
{¶37} On review for manifest weight, a reviewing court is to examine the entire
record, weigh the evidence and all reasonable inferences, consider the credibility of
witnesses and determine “whether in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the jury
clearly lost its way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the
conviction must be reversed and a new trial ordered.” State v. Martin, 20 Ohio App.3d
172, 175 (1st Dist. 1983). See also, State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 678
N.E.2d 541 (1997). The granting of a new trial “should be exercised only in the
exceptional case in which the evidence weighs heavily against the conviction.” Martin
at 175.
{¶38} Appellant was charged with Endangering Children in violation of R.C.
2919.22(B)(1). The statute states, “No person shall do any of the following to a child
under eighteen years of age or a mentally or physically handicapped child under
twenty-one years of age * * * [a]buse the child.”
{¶39} Under Section 2901.21(B), if a crime “neither specifies culpability nor
plainly indicates a purpose to impose strict liability, recklessness is sufficient
culpability to commit the offense.” “A person acts recklessly when, with heedless
indifference to the consequences, he perversely disregards a known risk that his
conduct is likely to cause a certain result or is likely to be of a certain nature. A
person is reckless with respect to circumstances when, with heedless indifference to
the consequences, he perversely disregards a known risk that such circumstances are
likely to exist.” R.C. 2901.22(C).
{¶40} S.B. testified that when she put B.H. to bed, he did not have marks on
his face. After B.H. woke up, Appellant was the only adult in the home with B.H.
When S.B.’s mother picked up B.H. after S.B.’s surgery, there were marks on B.H.’s
face. Appellant testified he caused the marks on B.H.’s face when he caught B.H.
after B.H. fell from the banister. Dr. Steiner testified in his opinion that grabbing a
child would not cause the injuries to B.H.’s face; rather, the injuries were
demonstrative of a hand slap.
{¶41} An appellant is not entitled to a reversal on manifest weight grounds
merely because inconsistent evidence was presented at trial. State v. Raver, 10th
Dist. No. 02AP–604, 2003-Ohio-958, ¶ 21. Neither is a conviction against the
manifest weight of the evidence because the trier of fact believed the state's version of
events over the appellant's version. State v. Gale, 10th Dist. No. 05AP–708, 2006–
Ohio–1523, ¶ 19; State v. Williams, 10th Dist. No. 08AP719, 2009–Ohio–3237, ¶ 17.
The trier of fact is free to believe or disbelieve all or any of the testimony. State v.
Jackson, 10th Dist. No. 01AP–973, 2002 WL 416994 (Mar. 19, 2002); State v.
Sheppard, 1st Dist. No. C–000553, 2001 WL 1219765 (Oct. 12, 2001). The trier of
fact is in the best position to take into account inconsistencies, along with the
witnesses' manner and demeanor, and determine whether the witnesses' testimony is
credible. State v. Williams, 10th Dist. No. 02AP–35, 2002–Ohio–4503, ¶ 58; State v.
Clarke, 10th Dist. No. 01AP–194, 2001 WL 1117575 (Sept. 25, 2001). Consequently,
an appellate court must ordinarily give great deference to the fact finder's
determination of the witnesses' credibility. State v. Covington, 10th Dist. No. 02AP–
245, 2002–Ohio–7037, ¶ 28; State v. Hairston, 10th Dist. No. 01AP–1393, 2002–
Ohio–4491, ¶ 74.
{¶42} Based on the evidence presented, we cannot say the trial court lost its
way and created a manifest miscarriage of justice when it convicted Appellant of
Endangering Children.
{¶43} Appellant’s third Assignment of Error is overruled.
CONCLUSION
{¶44} For the foregoing reasons, Appellant’s three Assignments of Error are
overruled.
{¶45} The judgment of the Ashland County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile
Division, is affirmed.
By: Delaney, P.J.
Hoffman, J. and
Wise, J. concur.
HON. PATRICIA A. DELANEY
HON. WILLIAM B. HOFFMAN
HON. JOHN W. WISE
PAD:kgb
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
:
STATE OF OHIO :
:
Plaintiff - Appellee : JUDGMENT ENTRY
:
:
-vs- :
: Case No. 11-COA-042
PHILLIP A. FARLEY :
:
Defendant - Appellant :
:
For the reasons stated in our accompanying Opinion on file, the judgment of the
Ashland County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, is affirmed. Costs
assessed to Appellant.
HON. PATRICIA A. DELANEY
HON. WILLIAM B. HOFFMAN
HON. JOHN W. WISE