Cleveland Mun. Court Criminal Div. v. Anthony , 2012 Ohio 4055 ( 2012 )

[Cite as Cleveland Mun. Court Criminal Div. v. Anthony, 2012-Ohio-4055.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
No. 97786
CLEVELAND MUNICIPAL COURT
CRIMINAL DIVISION
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
DEBRA ANTHONY
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT:
DISMISSED IN PART;
AFFIRMED IN PART
Criminal Appeal from the
Cleveland Municipal Court
Case No. 09 CVH 016094
BEFORE: Rocco, P.J., E. Gallagher, J., and Kilbane, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: September 6, 2012
-i-
FOR APPELLANT
Debra Anthony, pro se
7112 Robinwood Lane
Gates Mills, Ohio 44040
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Victor R. Perez
Chief City Prosecutor
BY: William H. Armstrong, Jr.
Karyn J. Lynn
Assistant Directors of Law
Justice Center - 8th Floor
1200 Ontario Street
Cleveland, Ohio 44113
[Cite as Cleveland Mun. Court Criminal Div. v. Anthony, 2012-Ohio-4055.]
KENNETH A. ROCCO, P.J.:
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Debra Anthony, proceeding pro se, appeals
from orders entered by the Cleveland Municipal Court, that denied motions
she filed in two underlying cases, viz., 2004 CRB 016230 (the “criminal case”)
and 2009 CVH 016094 (the “civil case”).
{¶2} In the criminal case, Anthony filed a motion to mitigate the
sentence imposed. In the civil case, Anthony filed a Civ.R. 60(B) motion for
relief from judgment.
{¶3} Anthony presents six assignments of error. She asserts that in
deciding her motions filed in the criminal case, the municipal court failed to
follow its own local rules. She further asserts the municipal court abused its
discretion in denying her motion to mitigate the sentence. She claims she
did not receive service of the municipal court’s journal entry dated May 26,
2011. She also claims that the court failed to recognize in her criminal case
that it had authority to grant her Civ.R. 60(B) motion in the civil case.
Finally, she asserts the court wrongly determined in the civil case that her
Civ.R. 60(B) motion was untimely.
{¶4} Because Anthony failed to file an appeal, timely or otherwise, from
the final order issued in 2004 CRB 016230 (her criminal case), this court
cannot consider the first five assignments of error, all of which pertain to
post-judgment motions Anthony filed in that case. The portion of Anthony’s
appeal purporting to challenge the municipal court’s orders in that case is
dismissed.
{¶5} In her civil case, the municipal court did not abuse its discretion in
denying her Civ.R. 60(B) motion. Consequently, Anthony’s sixth assignment
of error is overruled, and the municipal court’s order in 2009 CVH 016094 is
affirmed.
{¶6} The record of the criminal case reflects that Anthony owned a
residential property located at 16 Lakefront Walk in the city of Cleveland.
On May 5, 2004, as a result of a visit by a city housing inspector, Anthony
received a citation that listed 50 housing code violations on the property.
{¶7} Anthony’s criminal case proceeded to trial on November 3, 2004.
She appeared with counsel and entered a plea of no contest to the charges
listed in the citation, and, in its journal entry filed the following day, the
Housing Court found her guilty. The court imposed a $2000.00 fine for
Anthony’s conviction. Anthony did not appeal her conviction to this court.
{¶8} On January 13, 2005, the Housing Court ordered Anthony to enter
into a payment plan with the court clerk. The court furthered ordered her to
complete her payments of the fine and court costs by January 15, 2006.
{¶9} On January 13, 2005, Anthony signed a contract by which she
agreed to make payments on the fine and court costs until they were paid in
full, and agreed to complete her payments by January 15, 2006. She signed
her name under a paragraph that stated: “It is further understood by me
that if I fail to meet the terms of this agreement without reasonable and just
cause, I shall be subject to a warrant for my arrest being issued, * * * and a
civil judgment being rendered against me.”
{¶10} The record reflects that on on January 12, 2006, Anthony made a
$100 payment on her account. On January 13, 2006, the Housing Court
granted Anthony an extension on her time to pay until April 15, 2006. On
April 21, 2006, however, Anthony filed a “Motion to Mitigate” her sentence.1
{¶11} Anthony asserted in her motion that (1) the property had been
foreclosed upon and sold at sheriff’s sale, so she no longer owned the property,
(2) she was “the sole breadwinner” of her family and could not afford to pay
her fine, and (3) she never had the means to maintain the property to correct
the code violations. Although several exhibits were attached to her motion,
she attached no affidavit. Neither did she request an oral hearing.
1 On appeal, Anthony calls this motion a petition for postconviction relief
pursuant to R.C. 2953.21. She never raised this argument in the municipal court;
therefore, even if this court could consider her appeal in the criminal case, it need
not address this argument. Hummer v. Hummer, 8th Dist. No. 96132,
2011-Ohio-3767, ¶ 7. At any event, the Ohio Supreme Court stated in Dayton v.
Hill, 21 Ohio St.2d 125, 128, 256 N.E.2d 194 (1970), that R.C. 2953.21 does not
apply to persons convicted of violating a municipal ordinance.
[Cite as Cleveland Mun. Court Criminal Div. v. Anthony, 2012-Ohio-4055.]
{¶12} On April 26, 2006, the Housing Court issued an order that
granted Anthony time to pay her fine and costs until June 21, 2006. The
note on this journal entry indicated it was issued “for a ruling on [Anthony’s]
motion to mitigate.”
{¶13} Two and a half years later, on December 18, 2008, the Housing
Court issued an order that denied Anthony’s motion to mitigate her sentence.
The order contained a note directing the “clerk to convert [unpaid fine] to
civil judgment.”
{¶14} On July 30, 2009, the municipal court clerk entered a “certificate
of judgment for transfer” for collection of Anthony’s outstanding fine from the
criminal division to the civil division. By this act, the civil case against
Anthony was both initiated and adjudged. Anthony did not file any appeal
from this judgment entry.
{¶15} On August 31, 2009, Anthony instead filed in the criminal case a
“motion for default judgment”2 with respect to her motion to mitigate her
sentence. On October 13, 2009, the court’s civil division issued a certificate
of judgment lien against Anthony in the amount of $2075.00.
2 Anthony attached a copy of this motion to her motion for relief from
judgment in the civil case; it indicates the “motion for default judgment” in the
criminal case was filed with the municipal court clerk. The motion, however, does
not appear anywhere on the court’s docket. At any event, the criminal rules have
no provision for a “motion for default judgment.” Compare Civ.R. 55.
[Cite as Cleveland Mun. Court Criminal Div. v. Anthony, 2012-Ohio-4055.]
{¶16} On February 24, 2011, Anthony filed a pro se Civ.R. 60(B) motion
for relief from judgment in her civil case; the caption of the motion contained
a parenthetical asking the court to “see” her criminal case. Anthony sought
“an order vacating the [municipal] court’s entries of 11/4/2004, 12/18/2008 and
7/30/2009.” The first two entries appeared in her criminal case.
{¶17} On June 11, 2011, the municipal court filed an “extended”
judgment entry dated “May 20, 2011” that ruled upon Anthony’s motion for
relief from judgment. The judgment entry bore only Anthony’s criminal case
number.
{¶18} The court first noted her civil motion was inapplicable to her
criminal case. The municipal court further noted with respect to the
criminal case that, because Anthony’s obligation to pay her fine remained in
effect, and because the court declined to suspend any part of it, its decision to
deny her motion to mitigate was “final.” The court warned Anthony that any
further requests from her to suspend part of the fine would be denied as
untimely.
{¶19} On December 1, 2011, the municipal court issued a journal entry
in the civil case that denied Anthony’s Civ.R. 60(B) motion as untimely.
{¶20} On January 3, 2012, Anthony filed her appeal in this court from
the foregoing order, stating that she appealed that one and “others.”
Although she presents six assignments of error, this court cannot address her
first five. Only Anthony’s sixth assignment of error, which relates to the
December 1, 2011 order that denied her motion for relief from judgment, can
be addressed.3 The reason for that limitation follows.
{¶21} In Anthony’s criminal case, the municipal court’s November 3,
2004 judgment entry finding her guilty of housing code violations and
imposing a fine constituted a final order for purposes of appeal. State v.
Carlisle, 131 Ohio St.3d 127, 2011-Ohio-6553, 961 N.E.2d 671, ¶11, citing
State ex rel. White v. Junkin, 80 Ohio St.3d 335, 337, 1997-Ohio-340, 686
N.E.2d 267 (1997). A judgment of conviction is final when the order sets
forth (1) the fact of the conviction; (2) the sentence; (3) the signature of the
judge; and (4) entry on the journal by the clerk of court. State v. Baker, 119
Ohio St.3d 197, 2008-Ohio- 3330, 893 N.E.2d 163, syllabus, as modified by
State v. Lester, 130 Ohio St.3d 303, 2011-Ohio-5204, 958 N.E.2d 142, at
syllabus.
{¶22} Because compliance with App.R. 4(A) is a jurisdictional
requirement for this court, Anthony had thirty days in which to file an appeal
of her conviction. State v. Norris, 8th Dist. No. 95485, 2011-Ohio-1795, ¶11,
citing Bosco v. Euclid, 38 Ohio App.2d 40, 311 N.E.2d 870 (1974). She did
3Anthony’s assignments of error are attached as an appendix to this decision.
7
not; instead, she filed in the municipal court a “motion to mitigate” her
sentence.
{¶23} Municipal courts in Ohio have “the authority to impose a fine as
part of [a defendant’s] sentence.” Cleveland v. Leneghan, 181 Ohio App.3d
378, 2009-Ohio-1086, 909 N.E.2d 148 (8th Dist.), ¶ 14. Courts in Ohio have
no authority, however, to reconsider a valid final judgment in criminal cases.
State v. Myers, 8th Dist. No. 65309, 1993 Ohio App. LEXIS 5561 (Nov. 18,
1993). “Absent statutory authority, a trial court is generally not empowered
to modify a criminal sentence by reconsidering its own final judgment.”
Carlisle at ¶ 1. The Rules of Criminal Procedure specifically limit relief from
judgments to those motions for which the same rules expressly provide. A
“motion to mitigate” a sentence is “conspicuously absent” in the Criminal
Rules. Cleveland Hts. v. Richardson, 9 Ohio App.3d 152, 458 N.E.2d 901(8th Dist.1983). Relief from final judgments is allowed only by way of a
Crim.R. 29(C) motion for acquittal after verdict or discharge of the jury, a
Crim.R. 33 motion for a new trial, a Crim.R. 34 motion in arrest of judgment,
and a Crim.R. 36 motion to correct clerical mistakes. Id.{¶24} Anthony’s “motion to mitigate” the fine imposed in her criminal
case, therefore, was a nullity and could not serve to extend the municipal
court’s jurisdiction. Leneghan, 181 Ohio App.3d 378, 2009-Ohio-1086, 909
N.E.2d 148, (8th Dist.) ¶ 14. Thus, orders issued by the municipal court
overruling post-judgment motions that Anthony filed in her criminal case
were void. Rocky River v. Garnek, 8th Dist. No. 97540, 2012-Ohio-3079, ¶ 6.
She cannot now “bootstrap” her failure to appeal her conviction into this
appeal. Norris, 8th Dist. No. 95485, 2011-Ohio-1795, ¶ 12.
{¶25} As to Anthony’s sixth assignment of error and her civil case, the
municipal court’s order that converted the fine to a civil judgment also
constituted a final order. “Once a trial court has entered a final judgment in
a [civil] matter * * * a party’s options for legal recourse become significantly
limited.” Schmidt v. Banker’s Title & Escrow Agency, Inc., 8th Dist. No.
88847, 2007-Ohio-3924, ¶ 12. Anthony chose the option, a year and a half
later, to file a Civ.R. 60(B) motion for relief from the judgment.
{¶26} This court reviews the denial of a Civ.R. 60(B) motion in
accordance with the abuse-of-discretion standard. Associated Estates Corp.
v. Fellows, 11 Ohio App.3d 112, 117, 463 N.E.2d 417 (8th Dist.1983). An
abuse of discretion implies more than an error of law or judgment; it suggests
that the trial court acted in an unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable
manner. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140(1983).
{¶27} Civ.R. 60(B) provides in relevant part:
On motion and upon such terms as are just, the court may
relieve a party or his legal representative from a final judgment,
order or proceeding for the following reasons: * * * (4) the
judgment has been satisfied, released or discharged, or a prior
judgment upon which it is based has been reversed or otherwise
vacated, or it is no longer equitable that the judgment should
have prospective application; or (5) any other reason justifying
relief from the judgment. The motion shall be made within a
reasonable time
* * *.
{¶28} To prevail on a Civ.R. 60(B) motion, the movant must
demonstrate the following: (1) the party has a meritorious defense or claim to
present if relief is granted; (2) the party is entitled to relief under one of the
grounds stated in Civ.R. 60(B)(1) through (5); and (3) the motion is made
within a reasonable time. G.T.E. Automatic Elec. v. ARC Indus., 47 Ohio
St.2d 146, 150-151, 351 N.E.2d 113 (1976). A court must overrule the motion
when a movant fails to establish even one of the three requirements. Rose
Chevrolet, Inc. v. Adams, 36 Ohio St.3d 17, 20, 520 N.E.2d 564 (1987).
{¶29} This court long has noted, however, that Civ.R. 60(B) is derived
from a comparable federal rule of civil procedure, and that “a motion under
that rule has been held to be no substitute for appeal.” Bosco, 38 Ohio
App.2d 40, 311 N.E.2d 870 (1974), citing Demers v. Brown, 343 F.2d 427 (1st
Cir.1965). It is clear from the record that Anthony invoked Civ.R. 60(B)(4)
as a substitute for a timely appeal from the July 30, 2009 civil judgment.
{¶30} In her brief in support of her motion, Anthony presented no
evidence to show she had a meritorious defense to the judgment, nor any
explanation for her delay in seeking relief from the judgment. BMV
Mechanical, Inc. v. Despar Co., 8th Dist. Nos. 89563 and 90059,
2008-Ohio-792. The municipal court did not abuse its discretion in denying
her motion under these circumstances.
{¶31} Anthony’s sixth assignment of error, accordingly, is overruled.
{¶32} Anthony’s attempt to appeal from municipal court case number
2004 CRB 016230 is dismissed.
{¶33} The municipal court’s order in case number 2009 CVH 016094 is
affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the
municipal court to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to
Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
__________________________________________
KENNETH A. ROCCO, PRESIDING JUDGE
EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, J., and
MARY EILEEN KILBANE, J., CONCUR
Appendix
Anthony’s assignments of error state:
I. The trial court erred in making an untimely decision to the
Defendant’s Motion to Mitigate filed 4/21/2006 in violation of its own
local rules.
II. The trial court erred in denying the defendant[-]appellant’s
Motion to Mitigate.
III. The trial court erred in giving an untimely response to
defendant[-]appellant’s Motion for a Default Judgment and Motion to
Mitigate filed 9/1/2009 and 2/10/2009 in violation of local rule.
IV. Trial court erred by failing to serve a copy to defendant[-]
appellant of “EXTENDED JOURNAL ENTRY” dated 5-26-11.
V. The trial court erred by stating that there could not be
relief from judgment in this case when there was a civil as well as a
criminal judgment in the “EXTENDED JOURNAL ENTRY” dated
5-26-11.
VI. The trial court erred when it denied Appellant’s “motion
for relief as untimely under Civil Rule 60(B).”