In re K.R. , 2010 Ohio 6582 ( 2010 )

[Cite as In re K.R., 2010-Ohio-6582.]
STATE OF OHIO, JEFFERSON COUNTY
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
SEVENTH DISTRICT
IN RE: K.R., ) CASE NO. 10 JE 9
)
A MINOR CHILD, ) OPINION
)
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDINGS: Civil Appeal from Common Pleas Court,
Juvenile Division, Case No. 09PA171.
JUDGMENT: Affirmed.
APPEARANCES:
For Appellant: Attorney James Nichelson
P.O. Box 97
Martins Ferry, Ohio 43935-0097
For Appellee: Attorney Stephen Lamatrice
123 North Fourth Street
Steubenville, Ohio 43952
JUDGES:
Hon. Joseph J. Vukovich
Hon. Gene Donofrio
Hon. Cheryl L. Waite
Dated: December 30, 2010
VUKOVICH, P.J.
¶{1} Plaintiff-appellant D.R. appeals the decision of the Jefferson County
Common Pleas Court, Juvenile Division, finding him to be the father of the minor child
K.R. Appellant contends that this decision is erroneous because the genetic testing
determined with a 100% probability that he is not the biological father of the child, and
in none of the prior proceedings was he determined to be the child’s natural father nor
has he acknowledged paternity. L.M., the natural mother of the child, has not filed an
appellate brief and no brief has been filed on behalf of K.R., a minor child.
¶{2} We find that res judicata can act as a bar to the denial of parentage
when genetic testing has proven that the alleged father is not the biological father if the
issue of parentage had already been adjudicated in a previous proceeding and there is
an identity of the parties. Here, although the dissolution decree was not made a part
of the record, we find that there is identity of the parties and issues. As such, we
cannot find that the trial court abused its discretion in applying res judicata to the facts
of this case. Accordingly, the judgment of the trial court is hereby affirmed.
STATEMENT OF CASE
¶{3} Appellant and L.M. were married in June 1985 and the marriage was
dissolved in November 1999. K.R. was born in October 1998. L.M. was originally
granted custody of K.R., however, in 2002 appellant sought reallocation of parental
rights and was granted custody of K.R. in 2003. On October 3, 2009, after the child
began telling people that appellant was not her biological father, genetic testing was
performed. In the October 14, 2009 test results it was concluded with a 100%
probability that appellant was not the child’s father. On November 5, 2009, appellant
agreed to a change of custody; L.M. regained custody of K.R. (Tr. 4). The following
day he filed a petition to determine parentage. In December 2009, L.M. answered the
complaint admitting the majority of the allegations. However, she asserted that the
complaint should be dismissed because appellant waived any objection to parentage
by not raising any objection during the previous eleven years of the child’s life.
¶{4} A hearing on the petition was held before a magistrate. No testimony
was presented at the hearing. Following the hearing the magistrate concluded that
appellant is K.R.’s father. It found that appellant established a parent-child relationship
with the minor child on her date of birth and held himself out to be her father since that
date and that the child refers to him as her “father.” It also found that appellant had
legal custody of the child from February 28, 2003 through November 5, 2009.
Furthermore, it stated that the best interests of the child will not be served by
terminating the already existing relationship. Lastly, it stated:
¶{5} “As the Ohio Supreme Court has held previously in the Knapp case,
there comes a time when each case must come to an end. Finality requires this.
Courts have held finality about perfection in the hierarchy of values. Finality is
particularly important in parentage case. See Strack. The Court is aware that by
denying this Motion, the situation that existed in Knapp is going to exist here
(….decision in effect declares as static a state of acts that reliable scientific evidence
contradicts.) As mentioned above, there are reasons for this to exist.” 02/04/10 J.E.1
¶{6} On February 25, 2010, the trial court found that appellant was the father
of the minor child.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
¶{7} “THE COURT WRONGFULLY DETERMINED APPELLANT TO BE THE
FATHER OF THE MINOR CHILD.”
¶{8} This court reviews the trial court's decision whether or not to adopt the
magistrate's decision under an abuse of discretion standard of review. Ford v.
Gooden, 9th Dist. No. 22764, 2006-Ohio-1907, at ¶8.
¶{9} Appellant’s basis for the Juvenile Court to determine that he is not the
father of K.R. arises from R.C. 3111.04. That statute provides that an action to
determine the nonexistence of the father-child relationship can be brought by the man
alleged to be the child’s father. However, since K.R. was born during appellant and
L.M.’s marriage, in order to establish the nonexistence of the relationship, appellant,
by clear and convincing evidence, has to overcome the rebuttable presumption that he
is the natural father of the child. R.C. 3111.03(A)(1) and (B). Genetic testing can
provide clear and convincing evidence overcoming the rebuttable presumption. R.C.
3111.03(B).
1
A magistrate’s decision should comply with Juv.R. 40.
¶{10} Here, there is genetic testing that excludes appellant as the minor child’s
father. Despite that, the magistrate and the trial court found that appellant was the
child’s father. Given the discussion of finality and the Ohio Supreme Court’s cases in
Knapp v. Knapp (1986), 24 Ohio St.3d 141, and Strack v. Pelton (1994), 70 Ohio St.3d
172, the court’s finding was based on the doctrine of res judicata. Specifically, the
domestic relations case, 99DR261, that terminated appellant and L.M.’s marriage
through a dissolution decree.
¶{11} We find that the doctrine of res judicata can be invoked to give
conclusive effect to a determination of parentage contained in a dissolution decree
and, as such, acts as a bar to a subsequent paternity action brought under R.C.
Chapter 3111. In re Gilbraith (1987), 32 Ohio St.3d 127, 130-131; Sherrill v. Harroff,
85 Ohio St.3d 339, 1999-Ohio-269, reversing Sherrill v. Harroff (Nov. 3, 1998), 7th
Dist. No. 96CO36. See Cuyahoga Support Enforcement Agency v. Guthrie (1999), 84
Ohio St.3d 437, 443. Regarding public policy supporting the application of the doctrine
to parentage cases, the Court explained:
¶{12} “In our estimation, the same considerations underpinning res judicata as
a doctrine of general significance apply with equal force in parentage actions, and
there is, accordingly, no sound policy reason for denying effect to the doctrine in such
cases. The establishment and maintenance of the various aspects of the relationship
between parent and child is a particularly intricate, sensitive and emotional process
with which courts should be reluctant to interfere. In those cases where, by force of
events, judicial intervention occurs, where the matter of parentage is determined with
finality and in the absence of fraud, and where that determination is not later vacated,
either on direct appeal or pursuant to a recognized legal remedy such as that set forth
in Civ.R. 60(B), the policy of this state requires, in sum, that the parent-child
relationship be shielded from the unsettling effects of further judicial inquiry, and that
relitigation of parentage be barred, as a general rule, in any subsequent actions,
including those initiated under R.C. Chapter 3111.” In re Gilbraith, supra, at 131.
¶{13} The Ohio Supreme Court has also indicated that finality is particularly
compelling in a case involving determinations of parentage, visitation and support of a
minor child. Strack, supra, at 175.
¶{14} Accordingly, res judicata is applicable, but it can only be found if there is
an identity of issues and an identity of parties or persons in privity with parties.
Johnson v. Norman (1981), 66 Ohio St.2d 186, 190; Payne v. Cartee (1996), 111 Ohio
App.3d 580.
¶{15} Although none of the filings from the domestic relations case, 99DR281,
were made a part of the file before the trial court or this court and no testimony was
taken at the hearing before the magistrate, we are still able to find that both elements
have been met. At the hearing, counsel for both parties indicated that the marriage
was terminated through a dissolution decree. That stipulation shows an identity of
issues and identity of the parties.
¶{16} Starting with identity of issues, a dissolution decree is an adjudication of
parentage. R.C. 3105.63(A) requires the parties to agree to the allocation of parental
rights and responsibilities for the care of the minor child, the designation of a
residential parent and legal custodian of the minor child, child support, and parenting
time rights. See Blystone v. Blystone, 10th Dist. No. 03AP-247, 2003-Ohio-5667;
VanDusen v. VanDusen, 151 Ohio App.3d 494, 2003-Ohio-350, ¶22 (stating, “We do
not wish to encourage domestic relations courts and juvenile courts to force the active
litigation of the biological parentage in every divorce or parentage action. However,
the parentage of a child is adjudicated at the time a divorce occurs. Once that
adjudication has occurred, the principles of res judicata apply. In the context of this
case, [the child] has been adjudicated to be Brian's child.”); Atchison v. Atchison, 4th
Dist. No. 00CA2727, 2001-Ohio-2519. Furthermore, while appellant was not named
the residential parent of the minor child at the time of the dissolution, he admits that
when the child was approximately four years old, he sought to be named her
residential parent. That motion was granted and until right before this paternity action,
the child resided with appellant (for over six years). Appellant even at one point
sought to limit the mother’s visitation with the minor child, which was granted. Thus,
as can be seen, appellant took an active role in the parenting of this child and an
active role in the allocation of parental rights. Hence, for all the above reasons, there
is an identity of parties.
¶{17} As to the second prong of res judicata, a dissolution can only occur if
both spouses are a party to the proceedings. R.C. 3105.63(A). See Knapp, 24 Ohio
St.3d at 144 (stating “mutual consent is the cornerstone of our dissolution law”); In re
Adams (1989), 45 Ohio St.3d 219, 220 (stating a separation agreement in dissolution
is a binding contract between the parties); Ipson v. Ipson (Oct. 29, 1998), 8th Dist. No.
73150 (stating it is the mutuality component of a dissolution that distinguishes it from
termination of marriage by divorce). Thus, as appellant was required to be a party to
that proceeding, there is an identity of the parties. This is not a situation where
appellant was not a party to the divorce proceedings. Cf. Leguillon v. Leguillon (1998),
124 Ohio App.3d 757, 767 (finding that a child was not precluded from bringing a
paternity action under R.C. Chapter 3111 to determine the existence or nonexistence
of a father-child relationship, because the child was arguably not a party to the original
divorce action); Fitzpatrick v. Fitzpatrick (1998), 126 Ohio App.3d 476, 483-84; Gatt v.
Gideon (1984), 20 Ohio App.3d 285, paragraph one of syllabus (holding that because
the domestic relations court determined that the child was an issue of the marriage,
res judicata did not bar any action that the natural father could file in juvenile court
pursuant to R.C. 3111.04 and R.C. 3111.06(A) because he had not been a party to the
divorce action.). Furthermore, as aforementioned, appellant over the years has taken
an active role in seeking and obtaining custody of the child, which also shows an
identity of parties.
¶{18} For the foregoing reasons, we find that the trial court did not abuse its
discretion in applying res judicata. The judgment of the trial court is hereby affirmed.
Donofrio, J., concurs.
Waite, J., concurs.