State v. Kanner ( 2011 )

[Cite as State v. Kanner, 2011-Ohio-6198.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
)ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF MEDINA )
STATE OF OHIO C.A. No. 10CA0131-M
Appellee
v. APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
ENTERED IN THE
MARK M. KANNER COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
COUNTY OF MEDINA, OHIO
Appellant CASE No. 10-CR-0207
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: December 5, 2011
CARR, Presiding Judge.
{¶1} Appellant, Mark Kanner, appeals his conviction in the Medina County Court of
Common Pleas. This Court affirms.
I.
{¶2} On May 19, 2010, Kanner was indicted on one count of trafficking in a
counterfeit controlled substance in violation of R.C. 2925.37, a felony of the fifth degree; and
one count of trafficking in cocaine in violation of R.C. 2925.03(A)(1)(C)(4)(a), a felony of the
fifth degree. He pleaded not guilty to the charges at arraignment. The matter proceeded to trial.
At the conclusion of trial, the jury found Kanner not guilty of trafficking in a counterfeit
controlled substance and guilty of trafficking in cocaine. The trial court sentenced Kanner
accordingly. Kanner filed a timely appeal, raising one assignment of error for review.
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II.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
“THERE WAS INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT THE JURY’S
VERDICT[] OF ‘GUILTY’ AS TO THE CHARGED TRAFFICKING IN
DRUGS (COCAINE) COUNT OF THE INDICTMENT, AND DEFENDANT-
APPELLANT’S CONVICTION WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT
OF THE EVIDENCE.”
{¶3} Kanner argues that his conviction was not supported by sufficient evidence and
was against the manifest weight of the evidence. This Court disagrees.
{¶4} A review of the sufficiency of the State’s evidence and the manifest weight of the
evidence adduced at trial are separate and legally distinct determinations. State v. Gulley (Mar.
15, 2000), 9th Dist. No. 19600. “While the test for sufficiency requires a determination of
whether the state has met its burden of production at trial, a manifest weight challenge questions
whether the state has met its burden of persuasion.” Id., citing State v. Thompkins (1997), 78
Ohio St. 3d 380, 390 (Cook J., concurring). When reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, this
Court must review the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution to determine whether
the evidence before the trial court was sufficient to sustain a conviction. State v. Jenks (1991),
61 Ohio St. 3d 259, 279.
“An appellate court’s function when reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence to
support a criminal conviction is to examine the evidence admitted at trial to
determine whether such evidence, if believed, would convince the average mind
of the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. The relevant inquiry is
whether, after viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution,
any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime
proven beyond a reasonable doubt.” Id. at paragraph two of the syllabus.
{¶5} A determination of whether a conviction is against the manifest weight of the
evidence, however, does not permit this Court to view the evidence in the light most favorable to
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the State to determine whether the State has met its burden of persuasion. State v. Love, 9th Dist.
No. 21654, 2004-Ohio-1422, at ¶11. Rather,
“an appellate court must review the entire record, weigh the evidence and all
reasonable inferences, consider the credibility of witnesses and determine
whether, in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the trier of fact clearly lost its way
and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be
reversed and a new trial ordered.” State v. Otten (1986), 33 Ohio App. 3d 339,
340.
“Weight of the evidence concerns the tendency of a greater amount of credible
evidence to support one side of the issue more than the other. Thompkins, 78
Ohio St. 3d at 387. Further when reversing a conviction on the basis that it was
against the manifest weight of the evidence, an appellate court sits as a ‘thirteenth
juror,’ and disagrees with the factfinder’s resolution of the conflicting testimony.
Id.” State v. Tucker, 9th Dist. No. 06CA0035-M, 2006-Ohio-6914, at ¶5.
This discretionary power should be exercised only in exceptional cases where the evidence
presented weighs heavily in favor of the defendant and against conviction. Thompkins, 78 Ohio
St.3d at 387.
{¶6} Kanner was charged with trafficking in cocaine in violation of R.C.
2925.03(A)(1)(C)(4)(a), which states, in relevant part: “No person shall knowingly *** [s]ell or
offer to sell [cocaine].” R.C. 2901.22(B) states: “A person acts knowingly, regardless of his
purpose, when he is aware that his conduct will probably cause a certain result or will probably
be of a certain nature. A person has knowledge of circumstances when he is aware that such
circumstances probably exist.”
Sufficiency of the evidence
{¶7} At trial, Agent Donald Hahn of the Medway Drug Enforcement Agency
(“Medway”), a covert organization, testified that the agency uses confidential informants to buy
drugs from suspected drug traffickers. Agent Hahn explained that confidential informants
generally have criminal histories which facilitate their covert activities within the criminal
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culture. He testified that confidential informants are compensated either financially or by being
allowed to “work[] off” pending criminal charges. Agent Hahn further testified as to the rules
and procedures relevant to the use of confidential informants as follows. Confidential informants
are prohibited from using drugs, carrying weapons, coercing others to sell drugs, and breaking
any other laws. They must maintain contact with their controlling agents during undercover
operations. Confidential informants are searched immediately prior to and after a covert drug
purchase to ensure that the informants have no weapons, or additional money or drugs. They are
also equipped with an audio wire for safety and to allow the controlling agents to monitor and
record the transactions. Agent Hahn testified that it is not unusual for participants involved in
illicit drug transactions not to speak or to speak in code.
{¶8} Agent Hahn testified that Medway employed Aaron Sudyk as a confidential
informant for purposes of Kanner’s case. He testified that all proper procedures were followed
when Sudyk engaged in an undercover drug transaction with Kanner on January 7, 2010. The
substance that Sudyk purchased from Kanner tested positive for cocaine during a field test.
{¶9} Aaron Sudyk testified that he was employed as a confidential informant for
Medway when he told his controlling agent that he thought he could buy drugs from Kanner.
Sudyk described Kanner as a “bar friend, acquaintance” for approximately one year. Sudyk
testified that, on January 7, 2010, he arranged to meet Kanner to buy drugs. After being
searched and wired for sound, Sudyk waited for Kanner at a Circle K store. Video surveillance
captured Sudyk and Kanner separately entering the store. Sudyk’s audio wire captured the two
men greeting one another and agreeing to meet in the back of the store by the beer coolers.
Sudyk testified that he gave Kanner $100 and that Kanner gave him a small plastic bag of
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cocaine. He testified that he turned the drugs over to his controlling agent, Agent McCann,
immediately upon leaving the store and entering her vehicle.
{¶10} Sudyk acknowledged that he never specifically mentioned drugs during his
conversations with Kanner before and during the transaction. He further admitted that he has
prior felony convictions for which he served two prison terms. He admitted that he works as a
confidential informant because his criminal history makes it difficult for him to find alternate
employment. Sudyk testified, however, that he looks at the situation as a way to turn his
negative history into a positive, legal career.
{¶11} Medway Agent James Ascherel testified that he is in charge of technical
surveillance. He testified that he recorded Kanner as he arrived to meet Sudyk at the Circle K on
January 7, 2010. Agent Ascherel testified that he found Kanner’s actions unusual. He testified
that Kanner parked in the lot of a KFC restaurant, but not near the door. He testified that Kanner
then walked across the street to the Circle K, entered, and left the store shortly thereafter. Agent
Ascherel testified that Kanner never entered KFC, but drove away immediately after leaving the
Circle K. The agent found Kanner’s actions particularly odd given that it was very cold and
snowing at the time.
{¶12} Medway Agent Therese McCann testified that she was Sudyk’s controlling agent
when he worked as a confidential informant for the agency. She testified that she was with
Sudyk when he made a controlled phone call to Kanner to arrange to purchase drugs on January
7, 2010. She testified that Sudyk was searched, wired, and given $100 of “controlled buy
money,” i.e., bills which had been photocopied for identification. She dropped Sudyk off at the
front door to the Circle K and watched him enter. She testified that she saw Kanner enter the
Circle K after leaving a vehicle registered to Wanda Kanner, who the agent assumed was
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Kanner’s mother. Agent McCann testified that Sudyk exited the Circle K approximately one
minute later, entered her vehicle, and turned a packet of cocaine over to her. She testified that
she and Sudyk drove to their designated secure location where Agent Hahn field tested the
substance which tested positive for cocaine. Agent McCann testified that she then placed the
drugs in an evidence envelope for future laboratory testing.
{¶13} Agent McCann testified that there is no standard operating procedure for counting
out money during an undercover drug purchase. She testified, however, that Medway prefers
that its confidential informants merely say, “Here’s the money[,]” “Thanks[,]” or “Good looking
out” to indicate that the sale has been completed. She testified that Kanner was never “busted”
immediately after the sale, so there is no record of his having any controlled money on his
person.
{¶14} Keith Taggart, a chemist with the Bureau of Criminal Identification and
Investigation (“BCI”), testified that he tested the substance received by the confidential
informant on January 7, 2010. It weighed .85 grams. Mr. Taggart testified that both a color test
and gas chromatograph mass spectrometer test verified that the substance was cocaine. He
testified that the tests utilized are readily accepted within the field and that the results are
accurate within a reasonable degree of scientific certainty.
{¶15} Reviewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the State, this Court
concludes that any rational trier of fact could have found that the essential elements of the charge
of trafficking in cocaine were proved beyond a reasonable doubt. See Jenks at paragraph two of
the syllabus. The State presented evidence that Medway utilized the services of a confidential
informant pursuant to proper procedures and safeguards to facilitate a controlled drug buy on
January 7, 2010. The evidence demonstrates that Sudyk arranged a meeting with Kanner, that
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the two met very briefly, and that Sudyk returned to his controlling agent with a substance that
tested positive for cocaine. Accordingly, there was sufficient evidence to establish that Kanner
knowingly sold cocaine to the confidential informant.
Manifest weight of the evidence
{¶16} Kanner testified in his own defense. He admitted spending time with Sudyk at
bars, giving him rides, visiting his home, and lending him some money to pay a bar tab on one
occasion. He denied selling drugs to Sudyk.
{¶17} Kanner testified that Sudyk asked to meet him on December 29, 2009, to give him
some money for gas in exchange for the many rides he had received. Kanner believed that
Sudyk owed him $15. The two met briefly at a bar where Sudyk gave him $35 and left quickly.
Kanner testified that he was confused by the extra money, so he called Sudyk the next day.
Kanner testified that Sudyk told him he had gotten a good job and not to worry about it.
{¶18} Kanner testified that Sudyk contacted him again on January 7, 2010, requesting to
meet so Sudyk could repay him for lending Sudyk money for a bar tab. Kanner testified that he
planned to get something to eat at KFC and suggested that the two meet there, but Sudyk insisted
on meeting at Circle K. Kanner admitted parking in the KFC lot and walking to the Circle K.
He testified that he greeted Sudyk inside and then walked to the beer cooler where Sudyk
directed him to meet with him. Kanner testified that Sudyk gave him the $20 he owed, plus an
additional $55, and left quickly. Kanner testified that he bought some beer and returned to his
car but that he was too “shocked” and “distraught” to buy food at KFC as he originally planned.
Kanner testified that he tried to call Sudyk to ask about the additional money, but Sudyk did not
answer his call. Kanner testified that he then drove to Sudyk’s home and left the additional
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money under an empty forty-ounce beer bottle near the trash for Sudyk. He again denied selling
any drugs to Sudyk.
{¶19} This Court will not overturn the trial court’s verdict on a manifest weight of the
evidence challenge only because the trier of fact chose to believe certain witness’ testimony over
the testimony of others. State v. Crowe, 9th Dist. No. 04CA0098-M, 2005-Ohio-4082, at ¶22.
{¶20} A review of the record indicates that this is not the exceptional case, where the
evidence weighs heavily in favor of Kanner. A thorough review of the record compels this Court
to find no indication that the trial court lost its way and committed a manifest miscarriage of
justice in convicting Kanner of trafficking in cocaine.
{¶21} The weight of the evidence supports the conclusion that Kanner knowingly sold
cocaine to the confidential informant. Kanner admitted receiving a large sum of money from
Sudyk, although he denied selling any drugs to Sudyk. The evidence demonstrates that Kanner
agreed to meet with Sudyk, that Sudyk had money but no drugs on his person before the two
met, that the two met for approximately a minute, and that Sudyk was immediately searched by a
Medway agent after the meeting. The evidence demonstrates that Sudyk no longer had any
money but had a small packet of cocaine after his brief meeting with Kanner. Accordingly, his
conviction for trafficking in cocaine is not against the manifest weight of the evidence. Kanner’s
sole assignment of error is overruled.
III.
{¶22} Kanner’s assignment of error is overruled. The judgment of the Medina County
Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
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There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common
Pleas, County of Medina, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy
of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of
judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the
period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(E). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is
instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the
mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
Costs taxed to Appellant.
DONNA J. CARR
FOR THE COURT
WHITMORE, J.
DICKINSON, J.
CONCUR
APPEARANCES:
JOSEPH F. SALZGEBER, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.
DEAN HOLMAN, Prosecuting Attorney, and MATTHEW A. KERN, Assistant Prosecuting
Attorney, for Appellee.