State v. Hawkins , 2011 Ohio 5645 ( 2011 )

[Cite as State v. Hawkins, 2011-Ohio-5645.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO, : APPEAL NO. C-110291
TRIAL NO. B-8903838
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
O P I N I O N.
vs. :
SHAWN L. HAWKINS, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
Criminal Appeal From: Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas
Judgment Appealed From Is: Affirmed
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: November 4, 2011
Joseph T. Deters, Hamilton County Prosecuting Attorney, and Ronald W.
Springman and Philip R. Cummings, Assistant Prosecuting Attorneys, for Plaintiff-
Appellee,
The Drew Law Firm Co., LPA, Anthony G. Covatta and Robert M. Smyth, for
Defendant-Appellant.
Please note: We have removed this case from the accelerated calendar.
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
Per Curiam.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Shawn L. Hawkins appeals from the Hamilton
County Common Pleas Court’s judgment overruling his motion for leave to file a
motion for a new trial. We affirm the court’s judgment.
{¶2} Hawkins was convicted in 1990 upon jury verdicts finding him guilty
of two counts of aggravated robbery and four counts of aggravated murder. For the
aggravated murders, the trial court imposed death sentences. Hawkins
unsuccessfully challenged his convictions in appeals to this court, State v. Hawkins
(Dec. 18, 1991), 1st Dist. Nos. C-900092 and C-910017, and to the Ohio Supreme
Court, State v. Hawkins (1993), 66 Ohio St.3d 339, 612 N.E.2d 1227, in a petition for
a writ of certiorari to the United States Supreme Court, Hawkins v. Ohio (1993), 510
U.S. 984, 114 S.Ct. 486, and in an R.C. 2953.21 petition for postconviction relief.
State v. Hawkins (June 26, 1996), 1st Dist. No. C-950130, discretionary appeal not
allowed, (1996), 77 Ohio St.3d 1486, 673 N.E.2d 145.
{¶3} In 1997, Hawkins petitioned for a writ of habeas corpus in the United
States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio. In 2005, after discovery and
an evidentiary hearing, the district court conditionally granted the writ on the
ground of ineffective assistance of trial counsel in investigating and preparing the
case in mitigation. On all other grounds, the court denied the petition. On appeal,
the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit reversed the judgment of the
district court to the extent that it granted the writ on the ineffective-counsel claim
and affirmed the judgment on all other grounds. See Hawkins v. Coyle (C.A.6,
2008), 547 F.3d 540, certiorari denied (2009), ___ U.S. ___, 130 S.Ct. 553.
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{¶4} In May 2011, Hawkins filed with the common pleas court a motion for
leave to file a motion for a new trial, along with his proposed new-trial motion.
Following a hearing, the court denied leave, and this appeal followed.1
{¶5} On appeal, Hawkins presents a single assignment of error, challenging
the overruling of his motion for leave to file a new-trial motion. The challenge is
untenable.
{¶6} The Ohio Supreme Court recently determined that “[a] trial court has
jurisdiction to decide a [Crim.R. 33(A)(6)] motion for a new trial based on newly
discovered evidence in a case in which the death penalty has been affirmed on
appeal.” See State v. Davis, ___ Ohio St.3d ___, 2011-Ohio-5028, ___ N.E.2d ___,
paragraph two of the syllabus. Crim.R. 33(A)(6) permits a trial court to grant a new
trial on the ground that “new evidence material to the defense [has been] discovered,
which the defendant could not with reasonable diligence have discovered and produced
at trial.” The rule requires that the motion be filed either within 120 days of the
return of the verdict or within seven days after the trial court, upon “clear and
convincing proof that the defendant [had been] unavoidably prevented from
discovering the evidence” within the 120-day period, grants leave to file a new-trial
motion out of time. Crim.R. 33(B).
{¶7} Hawkins sought a new trial 21 years after the verdicts had been
returned in his case. In his motion for leave to file a new-trial motion, he asserted
that he had recently discovered evidence in the form of a forensic pathologist’s expert
opinion that undermines the state’s theory of the case, and that he had been
1In June 2011, while this appeal was pending, the Governor of Ohio commuted Hawkins’s death
sentences to life in prison without the possibility of parole.
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
unavoidably prevented from discovering that evidence within 120 days of the return
of the verdicts.
{¶8} The state’s theory of the case. Hawkins was convicted in the
shooting deaths of two men, Terrance Richard and Diamond Marteen. On June 12,
1989, at approximately 11:00 a.m., the victims’ bodies were found in Richard’s car,
with Marteen reclined in the front passenger seat and Richard sitting upright in the
rear seat on the driver’s side. Each man had been shot twice with the same weapon
at close range on the left side of the head. The crime-scene investigation led the
police to conclude that the car had been moved from the place where the men had
been shot to the street where it had been found.
{¶9} Hawkins emerged as a suspect in the murders when police found in
Richard’s pocket a scrap of paper bearing a pager number traced to Hawkins.
Hawkins was subsequently arrested and charged in both murders based on two
fingerprints identified as his that the police had lifted from Richard’s car and on the
statement that eyewitness Henry Brown, Jr., made to the police.
{¶10} At trial, Brown testified that, on June 12, at approximately 12:30 a.m.,
in the course of leaving a friend’s house, he had seen Richard’s car parked at the
curb, had observed Marteen inert and “laying to the side” in the driver’s seat, and
had seen Hawkins lean into the backseat of the car and shoot Richard. Other
witnesses bolstered Brown’s testimony concerning the time, place, and manner of the
murders. Various witnesses testified that, between 12:30 and 1:15 a.m., they had
heard a series of four gunshots in the vicinity of the street on which Brown claimed
Richard’s murder had occurred. And Amy Martin, M.D., the pathologist with the
coroner’s laboratory who had autopsied Marteen and Richard, found the
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
physiochemical changes observed in each man to be consistent with a time of death
of 12:30 a.m.
{¶11} “Newly discovered evidence.” Attached to Hawkins’s motion
for leave was the April 2011 report of forensic pathologist George R. Nichols, II, M.D.
Hawkins’s counsel had engaged Dr. Nichols “to evaluate expert testimony provided
[at] trial.” In his report, Dr. Nichols concluded that neither the physical evidence nor
the scientific evidence corroborated the state’s theory of the case that Richard and
Marteen had been fatally wounded at the same time and in the same place.
{¶12} Dr. Nichols stated that physical evidence in the form of a bullet slug
recovered from the front passenger-seat headrest confirmed that Marteen had been
shot in the car. But Dr. Nichols concluded that the “Richard shooting occurred in an
unproven location,” because “no physical evidence * * * corroborate[d] that Richard
[had been] shot while in the car,” and because the absence of blood stains on the
grass or pavement beneath the car when it was found suggested that Richard had not
been shot in the car.
{¶13} Dr. Nichols also concluded that Dr. Martin’s “time of death
determination [was] not scientifically reliable.” Dr. Nichols criticized Dr. Martin’s
methodology in reconciling a seven-degree differential in the victims’ core body
temperatures and the differences in their states of rigor mortis. Dr. Nichols also
criticized Dr. Martin for relying exclusively on observed physiochemical changes,
rather than comparing the vitreous fluid found in the victims’ eyes, to estimate the
times of death. Thus, Dr. Nichols concluded, while the victims “may indeed have
been killed contemporaneously,” the data provided “no scientific basis” for Dr.
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Martin’s conclusion, and “[s]ome of the data (core temperatures) indicate different
times of death.”
{¶14} Unavoidable prevention not demonstrated. To prevail on a
motion for leave to file a motion for a new trial on the ground of newly discovered
evidence, the movant must prove by clear and convincing evidence that, within 120
days of the return of the verdict, he did not know that the proposed ground for a new
trial existed, and that he could not, “in the exercise of reasonable diligence,” have
learned of its existence. State v. Walden (1984), 19 Ohio App.3d 141, 146, 483
N.E.2d 859 (quoted in State v. Mathis [1999], 134 Ohio App.3d 77, 79, 730 N.E.2d
410, overruled in part on other grounds, State v. Condon, 157 Ohio App.3d 26, 2004-
Ohio-2031, 808 N.E.2d 912, ¶20). In reviewing the trial court’s decision on the
motion, the reviewing court may not substitute its judgment for that of the trial court
and must sustain the trial court’s decision if it is supported by competent and
credible evidence. See State v. Schiebel (1990), 55 Ohio St.3d 71, 74, 564 N.E.2d 54;
Mathis, 134 Ohio App.3d at 79.
{¶15} Implicit in the common pleas court’s judgment overruling Hawkins’s
motion for leave is the court’s determination that Hawkins failed to prove by clear
and convincing evidence that he had been unavoidably prevented from timely
discovering, and from advancing in a new-trial motion, a claim of actual innocence
based on Dr. Nichols’s expert opinion. We hold that that the court had before it
competent and credible evidence to support its determination.
{¶16} In his motion for leave, Hawkins asserted that he “had no knowledge
of the fact that the victims were killed in different locations at different times,” that
“[h]e is indigent and on death row, and [that] he could only rely on what his
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attorneys did for him.” Hawkins’s counsel stated that they had not been engaged to
represent Hawkins until 1997, and then only for the purpose of advancing “legal
arguments” in Hawkins’s federal habeas corpus proceeding. Their focus, counsel
insisted, remained on the habeas corpus proceeding until 2010, when the United
States Supreme Court denied certiorari in the matter. Only then, in preparing for the
clemency process, was it “appropriate for them to turn back to the facts of the
underlying case.” Their review of the evidence adduced at trial, in consultation with
an attorney experienced in clemency matters, led counsel to question, and to engage
a forensic pathologist to reassess, the state’s theory that the victims had been
murdered at the same place and at the same time.
{¶17} We note at the outset that, by the terms of Crim.R. 33, the relevant
time period for a showing of unavoidable prevention is the 120-day period following
the return of the verdict in the case. Hawkins’s verdicts were returned on January 11,
1990. Accordingly, the common pleas court could not have granted leave upon proof
(however clear or convincing) of neglect (however excusable) on the part of counsel
engaged in 1997 to prosecute Hawkins’s federal habeas corpus petition.
{¶18} Nor does the record support Hawkins’s claim that, within the
prescribed period, he could not, with reasonable diligence, have learned of, the
existence of the proposed ground for a new trial. He was represented by counsel at
trial, in his direct appeals, and for purposes of postconviction proceedings. See R.C.
2953.21(I)(1). The autopsies, lab reports, photographs, and physical evidence upon
which both Dr. Nichols and Dr. Martin opined had been provided to the defense in
discovery prior to trial and had been introduced into evidence at trial. At trial, Dr.
Martin testified concerning the differences in the victims’ core body temperatures
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
and states of rigor mortis. She also testified concerning variations in the victims’
livor mortis, concluding that Marteen’s livor mortis showed that he had not been
moved postmortem, while Richard’s livor mortis showed that he had initially lain on
his right side for several hours postmortem and had only later been moved into the
upright position in which he was found. The defense extensively cross-examined Dr.
Martin concerning her analysis of the data contained in the autopsy and lab reports
and her conclusion that the men had been shot at the same time. Dr. Nichols found
that the data did not support Dr. Martin’s conclusion, and he blamed Dr. Martin’s
methodology. But Dr. Nichols did not suggest that Dr. Martin did not have available
to her the methodology that he would have used; to the contrary, by insisting that Dr.
Martin should have employed a different methodology, Dr. Nichols implied that it
had been available to her.
{¶19} Because the record supports the common pleas court’s decision
overruling Hawkins’s motion for leave to file a new-trial motion, we overrule the
assignment of error. Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of the court below.
Judgment affirmed.
DINKELACKER, P.J., HILDEBRANDT and CUNNINGHAM, JJ.
Please Note:
The court has placed of record its own entry in this case on the date of the
release of this opinion.
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