Bradley v. Ohio Dept. of Transp. , 2014 Ohio 3205 ( 2014 )

[Cite as Bradley v. Ohio Dept. of Transp., 2014-Ohio-3205.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
TENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
Laura M. Bradley, :
Plaintiff-Appellant, : No. 13AP-918
(C.P.C. No. 10CV-12275)
v. :
(REGULAR CALENDAR)
Ohio Department of Transportation et al., :
Defendants-Appellees. :
D E C I S I O N
Rendered on July 22, 2014
James C. Ayers Law Office and James C. Ayers, Sr.;
Larrimer & Larrimer LLC, and John Larrimer, for appellant.
Isaac Wiles Burkholder & Teetor, LLC, and Robert C.
Perryman, for appellee Ohio Department of Transportation.
APPEAL from the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas
DORRIAN, J.
{¶ 1} Plaintiff-appellant, Laura M. Bradley ("appellant"), appeals from the
October 1, 2013 judgment of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas granting
summary judgment in favor of defendants-appellees, Ohio Department of Transportation
("ODOT") and Marsha P. Ryan, Administator of the Bureau of Workers' Compensation
("BWC"). For the following reasons, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.
I. Facts and Procedural History
{¶ 2} On March 10, 2005, appellant injured her right ankle during the course of
and arising out of her employment with ODOT. Appellant filed a claim with BWC for
benefits and compensation; BWC allowed her claim for the sprain of her right ankle.
No. 13AP-918 2
{¶ 3} Appellant subsequently filed a motion with BWC for an additional
allowance for a claim for reflex sympathetic dystrophy ("RSD")1 of the right foot. The
district hearing officer granted appellant's motion, finding the additional medical
condition to be causally related to her March 10, 2005 injury. ODOT appealed the district
hearing officer's order. Upon review, the staff hearing officer also allowed the claim for
RSD. ODOT appealed the staff hearing officer's order, but the Industrial Commission
refused to hear the appeal.
{¶ 4} On July 22, 2009, ODOT filed a notice of appeal with the Franklin County
Court of Common Pleas pursuant to R.C. 4123.512(A), challenging appellant's right to
participate in the workers' compensation fund for the RSD claim. Appellant filed a
complaint regarding the RSD claim. The trial court consolidated the actions. Following a
bench trial, on March 9, 2011, the court found that appellant did not establish that she has
RSD and, consequently, did not have a right to participate in the workers' compensation
fund for RSD. The court reflected its findings in a judgment entry on April 8, 2011. On
February 7, 2012, we affirmed the April 8, 2011 judgment of the Franklin County Court of
Common Pleas. Bradley v. Ohio Dept. of Transp., 10th Dist. No. 11AP-409, 2012-Ohio-
451, ¶ 2.
{¶ 5} During the pendency of the RSD-related case, appellant in October 2007
filed a motion with BWC for an additional allowance for major depressive disorder, single
episode, related to the March 10, 2005 injury. The district hearing officer granted
appellant's motion. ODOT appealed the additional allowance for major depressive
disorder. Following a hearing, the district hearing officer on March 11, 2008 terminated
appellant's temporary total disability compensation, finding that she had reached
"maximum medical improvement." The hearing officer found that appellant "has met her
burden of establishing that she has sustained the requested additional allowance of major
depressive disorder, single episode, as flow-through from her injury of 3/10/2005" and
that appellant "testified compellingly of the effect that her industrial injury, most
specifically the reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the right foot, has had on her life and
1Although irrelevant to our determination, we note the condition formerly known as RSD is now commonly
referred to as "complex regional pain syndrome type I." See Bradley v. Ohio Dept. of Transp., 10th Dist. No.
11AP-409, 2012-Ohio-451, ¶ 7, 36.
No. 13AP-918 3
activities of daily living." (Complaint, exhibit B.) ODOT appealed the March 11, 2008
district hearing officer's order. Following a hearing on April 28, 2008, the staff hearing
officer affirmed the order of the district hearing officer terminating appellant's temporary
total disability compensation and granting the additional allowance for major depressive
disorder. ODOT appealed the staff hearing officer's order, but the Industrial Commission
refused to hear the appeal.
{¶ 6} ODOT subsequently filed, pursuant to R.C. 4123.512(A), a notice of appeal
with the trial court, challenging appellant's right to participate in the workers'
compensation fund for the claim for major depressive disorder, single episode. Following
dismissal without prejudice pursuant to Civ.R. 41, appellant on August 19, 2010 filed in
the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas a complaint seeking the right to participate
in the workers' compensation fund for the condition of major depressive disorder, single
episode. ODOT filed an answer generally denying that appellant suffered from the
condition of major depressive disorder, RSD, or any other work injuries or conditions as a
result of the March 10, 2005 injury.
{¶ 7} On July 23, 2013, ODOT filed a motion for summary judgment. On
August 14, 2013, appellant filed a memorandum contra ODOT's motion for summary
judgment. ODOT filed on August 21, 2013 a motion to strike appellant's memorandum
contra because it was not timely filed pursuant to Loc.R. 21.01 of the Court of Common
Please of Franklin County, General Division. On September 9, 2013, the trial court
granted ODOT's August 21, 2013 motion to strike, finding that appellant's memorandum
contra failed to comply with Loc.R. 21.01. On October 1, 2013, the trial court granted
ODOT's motion for summary judgment.
II. Assignments of Error
{¶ 8} Appellant timely appeals, assigning the following three errors:
I. The trial Court committed error prejudicial to the Plaintiff-
Appellant and abused its discretion when it considered and
granted a summary judgment motion devoid of sworn
testimony or acceptable evidence pursuant to Civ.R. 56(C).
II. The trial Court committed error prejudicial to the Plaintiff-
Appellant and abused its discretion when it determined, as
the prime basis for its summary judgment, that Appellant has
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RSD and that RSD is the proximate cause of her major
depression when a prior common pleas court order, sustained
by this Appellate Court, determined that Appellant does not
have the condition of RSD thereby the trial Court's judgment
order violates the physical facts rule.
III. The trial Court committed error prejudicial to the
Plaintiff-Appellant and abused its discretion when it granted
summary judgment to Defendant-Appellee when Plaintiff-
Appellant had filed two affidavits and two depositions, prior
to the hearing on the matter and pursuant to Civ.R. 56(C),
setting forth sufficient facts to present a question of fact for
the jury.
For ease of discussion, we consider appellant's assignments of error out of order.
B. Third Assignment of Error—No Genuine Issue of Material Fact
Remained
{¶ 9} In her third assignment of error, appellant asserts that the trial court erred
in granting summary judgment because a genuine issue of material fact remained for the
jury. In support of this assertion, appellant contends the trial court failed to consider
evidentiary materials filed by appellant prior to the hearing, pursuant to Civ.R. 56(C).
ODOT responds that the trial court did not err because it properly struck appellant's
evidence pursuant to Civ.R. 56(C) and Loc.R. 21.01.
{¶ 10} An appellate court reviews summary judgment under a de novo standard.
Coventry Twp. v. Ecker, 101 Ohio App. 3d 38, 41 (9th Dist.1995); Koos v. Cent. Ohio
Cellular, Inc., 94 Ohio App. 3d 579, 588 (8th Dist.1994). Summary judgment is
appropriate only when the moving party demonstrates: (1) no genuine issue of material
fact exists; (2) the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law; and (3)
reasonable minds could come to but one conclusion and that conclusion is adverse to the
party against whom the motion for summary judgment is made, that party being entitled
to have the evidence most strongly construed in its favor. Civ.R. 56(C); State ex rel. Grady
v. State Emp. Relations Bd., 78 Ohio St. 3d 181, 183 (1997).
{¶ 11} Pursuant to Civ.R. 56(C), the moving party bears the initial burden of
informing the trial court of the basis for the motion and of identifying those portions of
the record demonstrating the absence of a material fact. Dresher v. Burt, 75 Ohio St.3d
No. 13AP-918 5
280, 293 (1996). If the moving party fails to satisfy its initial burden, the court must deny
the motion for summary judgment; however, if the moving party satisfies its initial
burden, summary judgment is appropriate unless the nonmoving party responds, by
affidavit or as otherwise provided under Civ.R. 56, with specific facts demonstrating a
genuine issue exists for trial. Id.; Hall v. Ohio State Univ. College of Humanities, 10th
Dist. No. 11AP-1068, 2012-Ohio-5036, ¶ 12, citing Henkle v. Henkle, 75 Ohio App. 3d 732,
735 (12th Dist.1991).
{¶ 12} First, we must consider whether ODOT met its initial burden of identifying
those portions of the record demonstrating the absence of a material fact. In its motion,
ODOT argued that appellant's claim for depression did not stem from her March 10, 2005
injury and, therefore, was not a compensable injury for purposes of participating in the
workers' compensation fund. Further, ODOT argued that, insofar as appellant's claim for
depression stemmed from her RSD, it was not a compensable claim since appellant's
claim for RSD was disallowed.
{¶ 13} R.C. 4123.01(C) defines the term "injury" for purposes of Ohio's workers'
compensation law. At the time appellant suffered her injury, R.C. 4123.01(C) as amended
in 1986 provided that an " '[i]njury' includes any injury, whether caused by external
accidental means or accidental in character and result, received in the course of, and
arising out of, the injured employee's employment," but does not include "[p]sychiatric
conditions except where the conditions have arisen from an injury or occupational
disease." See McCrone v. Bank One Corp., 107 Ohio St. 3d 272, 2005-Ohio-6505, ¶ 13-17;
Armstrong v. John R. Jurgensen Co., 136 Ohio St. 3d 58, 63, 2013-Ohio-2237, ¶ 19-25.
Thus, appellant's claim for major depression must stem from an injury arising out of the
course of her employment. As appellant's claim for RSD was disallowed, appellant's claim
for major depression must arise out of her March 10, 2005 injury.
{¶ 14} To support its contentions, ODOT pointed to deposition testimony,
including appellant's own deposition, along with other evidentiary materials timely filed
with the trial court. In her deposition, appellant identified personal trauma associated
with RSD as a source of depression and anxiety following her March 10, 2005 injury.
ODOT also provided a letter from a physician who performed a 90-minute psychiatric
evaluation upon the appellant and found that appellant does not suffer from major
No. 13AP-918 6
depressive disorder as a result of her March 10, 2005 injury. Finally, ODOT submitted a
record of a comprehensive psychological examination conducted by a licensed
psychologist which found that there was "clearly insufficient evidence to diagnose major
depressive disorder, single episode." (Feb. 21, 2008 Comprehensive Psychological
Examination, 17.) Based upon our independent review of the record, we find that ODOT
met its initial burden of identifying those portions of the record demonstrating an absence
of material fact regarding whether appellant's claim for depression arose from her March
10, 2005 injury.
{¶ 15} Next we consider whether appellant responded, by affidavit or as otherwise
provided under Civ.R. 56, with specific facts demonstrating a genuine issue remained for
trial. Here, appellant filed her response 22 days after service of the motion for summary
judgment. Appellant contends that, although she did not timely file her memorandum
contra, the trial court should nonetheless have considered the affidavits attached to the
memorandum since they were submitted prior to the non-oral hearing.
{¶ 16} Civ.R. 56(C) provides that "[t]he adverse party, prior to the day of hearing,
may serve and file opposing affidavits" and "[n]o evidence or stipulation may be
considered except as stated in this rule." "The 'hearing' contemplated by Civ.R. 56(C) may
be either a formal, oral hearing * * * or a 'nonoral,' informal one." Hooten v. Safe Auto
Ins. Co., 100 Ohio St. 3d 8, 2003-Ohio-4829, ¶ 14. "A trial court need not notify the parties
of a non-oral hearing date, i.e., the date on which a motion for summary judgment is
submitted for consideration, if a local rule of court provides sufficient notice of that date."
Wiltz v. Clark Schaefer Hackett & Co., 10th Dist. No. 11AP-64, 2011-Ohio-5616, ¶ 17,
citing Hooten at syllabus.
{¶ 17} Loc.R. 21.01 provides in pertinent part:
All motions shall be accompanied by a brief stating the
grounds and citing the authorities relied upon. The opposing
counsel or a party shall serve any answer brief on or before the
14th day after the date of service as set forth on the certificate
of service attached to the served copy of the motion. The
moving party shall serve any reply brief on or before the 7th
day after the date of service as set forth on the certificate of
service attached to the served copy of the answer brief. On the
28th day after the motion is filed, the motion shall be deemed
submitted to the Trial Judge. Oral hearings on motions are
No. 13AP-918 7
not permitted except upon leave of the Trial Judge upon
written request by a party. The time and length of any oral
hearing shall be fixed by the Trial Judge. Except as otherwise
provided, this Rule shall apply to all motions.
Loc R. 57.02 provides as follows:
All affidavits, depositions, and other evidentiary material
permitted by Civ. R. 56(C) in support of or in opposition to the
motion for summary judgment shall be filed with the motion
or responsive pleading. This section does not extend the time
limits for filing a brief in opposition or a reply brief as
provided in Loc. R. 21.01.
Thus, the rules provide a party 14 days to file a brief in opposition to a motion, including
filing of all evidentiary materials in support of the responsive pleading. The rules also
provide that, absent a written motion for an oral hearing, a non-oral hearing takes place
on the 28th day after the filing of the motion.
{¶ 18} Here, regardless of whether Civ.R. 56(C) would have required consideration
of the affidavits had appellant separately filed them prior to the date of the non-oral
hearing, the trial court properly struck appellant's memorandum contra, including the
attached affidavits, for failing to comply with Loc.R. 21.01. Pursuant to Hooten, Loc.R.
21.01 provided appellant with notice of the deadlines for filing responsive pleadings and
evidentiary materials. Id. at ¶ 33 ("[A] local rule of court may notify parties of a summary
judgment hearing or of deadlines for submission of memoranda and Civ.R. 56
materials."). Appellant did not seek leave to file an untimely response pursuant to Civ.R.
56(F), demonstrate good cause for untimely filing the response or respond to the motion
to strike. In light of appellant's failure to comply with local rules or even to object to the
motion to strike, we cannot find that the trial court failed to afford appellant procedural
due process by striking her untimely filed memorandum contra and attached evidentiary
materials. See Hooten at ¶ 34; TPI Asset Mgt., L.L.C. v. McGregor, 10th Dist. No. 10AP-
368, 2011-Ohio-4052, ¶ 16, quoting Dedie v. FYDA Truck & Equip., 7th Dist. No. 96 C.A.
222 (Dec. 9, 1999) (" 'The essence of procedural due process is the right to receive
reasonable notice and a reasonable opportunity to be heard.' "); O'Brien v. Sutherland
Bldg. Prods., Inc., 10th Dist. No. 93AP-948 (Mar. 24, 1994) (finding it was not error for
No. 13AP-918 8
trial court to rule on defendant's motion for summary judgment without considering
plaintiffs' untimely filed request for an extension or memorandum contra).
{¶ 19} By failing to respond to ODOT's motion for summary judgment, appellant
did not demonstrate where a genuine issue of material fact remained in the record. Civ.R.
56(E). See Hoyt v. Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co., 10th Dist. No. 04AP-941, 2005-Ohio-6367,
¶ 23 ("When a properly supported motion for summary judgment is made, an adverse
party may not rest on mere allegations or denials in the pleading, but must respond with
specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue of material fact."); Riley v.
Montgomery, 11 Ohio St. 3d 75, 79 (1984). Because ODOT satisfied its initial burden and
appellant failed to meet her reciprocal burden, we find the trial court did not err in
granting summary judgment to ODOT. Dresher at 293; Hall at ¶ 12.
{¶ 20} Accordingly, we overrule appellant's third assignment of error.
B. First Assignment of Error—Appellant Waived Objections to Evidence
in Support of Motion for Summary Judgment
{¶ 21} In her first assignment of error, appellant asserts it was error to grant
summary judgment based upon the evidentiary materials submitted by ODOT in its
motion for summary judgment because ODOT's materials fail to comply with Civ.R.
56(C). However, as appellant failed to timely file a responsive pleading with the trial
court, she cannot now upon appeal object to the introduction of evidence in support of the
motion for summary judgment. Timberlake v. Jennings, 10th Dist. No. 04AP-462, 2005-
Ohio-2634, ¶ 14 ("If a party does not object in the trial court to the introduction of
evidence submitted in support of, or in opposition to, a motion for summary judgment,
that party waives any error and, thus, cannot raise such error on appeal."); Churchwell v.
Red Roof Inns, Inc., 10th Dist. No. 97APE08-1125 (Mar. 24, 1998) ("Failure to move to
strike or otherwise object to documentary evidence submitted by a party in support of, or
in opposition to, a motion for summary judgment, waives any error in considering that
evidence under Civ.R. 56(C)."); Haas v. Indus. Comm., 10th Dist. No. 99AP-475 (Dec. 21,
1999) ("[B]ecause appellant failed to file any response to appellee's motion for summary
judgment in the trial court, any arguments that could have been raised at that time should
be considered waived upon appeal to this court."). Therefore, we will not consider
No. 13AP-918 9
appellant's objections to the acceptability of evidence supporting ODOT's motion for
summary judgment for the first time on appeal.2
{¶ 22} Accordingly, we overrule appellant's first assignment of error.
C. Second Assignment of Error
{¶ 23} In her second assignment of error, appellant asserts it was error for the trial
court to grant summary judgment in violation of the physical-facts rule. In support of this
argument, appellant contends that the trial court determined that appellant has RSD and
that RSD is the proximate cause of her major depression, despite a previous
determination that appellant does not have RSD.
{¶ 24} Under the physical-facts rule, "neither a court nor jury can give probative
value to any testimony positively contradicted by the physical facts." Ellinger v. Ho, 10th
Dist. No. 08AP-1079, 2010-Ohio-553, ¶ 75, citing McDonald v. Ford Motor Co., 42 Ohio
St.2d 8, 12 (1975). Contrary to appellant's contentions, the trial court in this case did not
determine that appellant has RSD. Rather, the trial court found that the allowance for a
major depressive disorder, single episode, was predicated on the existence of appellant's
RSD and that there was "no evidence in the record to link her psychological claim to the
allowed claim for a sprained ankle." (Oct. 1, 2013 Trial Court Decision, 4.) As appellant's
claim for RSD was previously disallowed, and appellant failed to rebut appellees' evidence
that her psychological claim did not arise from her March 10, 2005 injury, appellant no
longer had a compensable physical injury on which to base her claim for depression.
McCrone at ¶ 16. Thus, the trial court's judgment order is not "positively contradicted by
the physical facts," and, therefore, it was not error to grant summary judgment. Ellinger
at ¶ 75.
{¶ 25} Accordingly, we overrule appellant's second assignment of error.
2 We note ODOT's argument in its brief that the reports of the medical examinations submitted in support of
summary judgment qualify under Evid.R. 803(6) as an exception to the hearsay rule because they were
business records kept in the normal course of business activity. We decline to address this contention
further as it is not dispositive for purposes of the present appeal, and ODOT's counsel conceded such point
at oral argument. See Jefferson v. CareWorks of Ohio, Ltd., 193 Ohio App. 3d 615, 2011-Ohio-1940, ¶ 9-13
(10th Dist.).
No. 13AP-918 10
III. Disposition
{¶ 26} Having overruled appellant's three assignments of error, we affirm the
judgment of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas.
Judgment affirmed.
KLATT and O'GRADY, JJ., concur.