U.S. Bank, N.A. v. Bryant , 2013 Ohio 3993 ( 2013 )

[Cite as U.S. Bank, N.A. v. Bryant, 2013-Ohio-3993.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
BUTLER COUNTY
U.S. BANK, N.A., :
CASE NO. CA2012-12-266
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
OPINION
: 9/16/2013
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:
TIMOTHY J. BRYANT, et al., :
Defendants-Appellants. :
CIVIL APPEAL FROM BUTLER COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
Case No. CV2007-12-5005
Carpenter, Lipps & Leland LLP, David A. Wallace, Jeffrey A. Lipps and Joel E. Sechler, 280
North High Street, Suite 1300, Columbus, Ohio 43215, for plaintiff-appellee
McGookey Law Offices LLC, Daniel L. McGookey, Kathryn M. Eyster and Lauren E.
McGookey, 225 Meigs Street, Sandusky, Ohio 44870, for defendants-appellants, Timothy J.
Bryant and Gloria J. Bryant
S. POWELL, J.
{¶ 1} Defendants-appellants, Timothy J. Bryant and Gloria J. Bryant, appeal from the
Butler County Court of Common Pleas decision granting a judgment decree of foreclosure in
favor of plaintiff-appellee, U.S. Bank, N.A. For the reasons outlined below, we affirm.
{¶ 2} The Bryants are owners of real property located at 7214 Barrett Road, West
Chester, Butler County, Ohio ("Property"). On June 21, 2005, the Bryants executed an
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adjustable rate note and mortgage through Argent Mortgage Company, LLC ("Argent").
Argent then executed a Corporation Assignment of Mortgage to GMAC Mortgage, LLC
("GMAC"), which transferred and assigned all of its rights, title and interest in the mortgage
together with the notes described therein. A Securitized Trust was later established and a
Trust Agreement was executed identifying U.S. Bank, N.A., as trustee ("U.S. Bank").
Included within the trust assets was the note at issue here.
{¶ 3} In August of 2007, the Bryants stopped making their required monthly
payments on their mortgage. At that time, due to an increased interest rate of 10.5%, the
Bryants' mortgage payments had ballooned to approximately $1,600 per month. As a result
of the Bryant's failure to pay, GMAC filed a complaint seeking to foreclose on the Property on
December 27, 2007. After some delay, which included protracted litigation based on the
Bryants' motion for contempt, as well as GMAC's motion for sanctions, GMAC assigned all of
its interest in the note and mortgage to U.S. Bank on August 24, 2009. Thereafter, the trial
court issued an order on February 4, 2010 substituting U.S. Bank as plaintiff for GMAC.
{¶ 4} After several additional delays, including a stay due to the Bryants filing for
bankruptcy, the trial court completed a four-day bench trial on August 17, 2012. Following
the bench trial, the trial court issued a decision granting a judgment decree of foreclosure to
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U.S. Bank allowing it to foreclose on the Property. The Bryants now appeal from the trial
court's decision granting U.S. Bank the judgment decree of foreclosure, raising a single
1. The trial court also issued two interlocutory decisions in this matter. The first denied the Bryants' motion to
dismiss on the issue of standing, whereas the second denied the Bryants' motion to dismiss based upon U.S.
Bank's alleged failure to produce the original note. The Bryants did not appeal from either of these decisions,
and therefore, any such issues will not be addressed here. However, suffice it to say that we agree with the
United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Ohio when it found the trial court in this matter
"painstakingly and carefully considered all of the evidence and applied the relevant Ohio law" before finding
GMAC and U.S. Bank "had standing and were the proper parties to bring the foreclosure suit." In re Bryant,
Case No. 1:11-bk-10542 (Bankr.S.D.Ohio 2011) (order granting limited relief from stay); see also BAC Home
Loans, LP v. Mapp, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2013-01-001, 2013-Ohio-2968, ¶ 14, citing Fed. Home Loan Mtge.
Corp. v. Schwartzwald, 134 Ohio St.3d 13, 2012-Ohio-5017, ¶ 28 (a party need only to establish an interest in
either the note or the mortgage at the time the complaint is filed in order to have standing to prosecute a
foreclosure action).
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assignment of error for review.
{¶ 5} THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN GRANTING JUDGMENT IN FORECLOSURE
TO U.S. BANK, NA, AS TRUSTEE, AND ERRED IN FINDING THAT EQUITY DID NOT BAR
U.S. BANK, NA, AS TRUSTEE FROM BEING GRANTED RELIEF.
{¶ 6} In their single assignment of error, the Bryants argue the trial court erred in
granting U.S. Bank's request to foreclose on the Property. In support of this claim, although
not particularly clear, the Bryants essentially argue the trial court's decision allowing U.S.
Bank to foreclose on the Property was inequitable and amounted to an abuse of discretion.
We disagree.
{¶ 7} As this court has stated previously, a mortgage foreclosure action involves two
issues: "the first is whether the mortgagor has defaulted upon the terms of the mortgage, and
the second is whether the mortgagor's equity of redemption should be cut off." Rosselot v.
Heimbrock, 54 Ohio App.3d 103, 105 (12th Dist.1988), citing Wheatstone Ceramics Corp. v.
Turner, 32 Ohio App.3d 21 (12th Dist.1986), paragraph two of the syllabus; see also
Gevedon v. Hotopp, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 20673, 2005-Ohio-4597, ¶ 28. In other words,
"once a court has determined that a default on an obligation secured by a mortgage has
occurred," such as the case here, "it must then consider the equities of the situation in order
to decide whether foreclosure is appropriate." Rosselot at 106.
{¶ 8} "As an equitable remedy, a trial court's decision to grant foreclosure is reviewed
for an abuse of discretion." Chase Home Fin., L.L.C. v. Heft, 3d Dist. Logan Nos. 8-10-14
and 8-11-16, 2012-Ohio-876, ¶ 25; Stidham v. Wallace, 12th Dist. Madison No. CA2012-10-
022, 2013-Ohio-2640, ¶ 8; Buckeye Retirement Co., L.L.C. v. Walling, 7th Dist. Mahoning
No. 05 MA 119, 2006-Ohio-7059, ¶ 16. A decision constitutes an abuse of discretion only
when it is found to be unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable. State ex rel. Ebbing v.
Ricketts, 133 Ohio St.3d 339, 2012-Ohio-4699, ¶ 13; Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d
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217, 219 (1983). "Deference is always due in an abuse-of-discretion case." State ex rel.
Nese v. State Teachers Retirement Bd. of Ohio, Slip Opinion No. 2013-Ohio-1777, ¶ 28.
{¶ 9} Initially, the Bryants argue it was inequitable to grant a foreclosure in this matter
because the trial court failed to enforce the consent judgment decree reached in United
States v. Bank of America Corp., D.C.Cir. No. 1:12-cv-00361, which settled certain state and
federal investigations against the nation's five largest mortgage servicers relating to mortgage
servicing, foreclosure, and bankruptcy abuses. However, the Bryants did not appeal from the
trial court's decision finding the consent judgment decree inadmissible and irrelevant. In fact,
the Bryants do not even mention the trial court's evidentiary ruling in their appellate brief. By
not appealing from the trial court's decision, we find the Bryants have effectively waived any
argument on appeal relating to the application of the consent judgment.
{¶ 10} Regardless, even if the Bryants had appealed from the trial court's evidentiary
ruling, which they did not, it is well-established that "[t]he admission or exclusion of relevant
evidence rests within the sound discretion of the trial court." Ohmer v. Renn-Ohmer, 12th
Dist. Butler No. CA2012-02-020, 2013-Ohio-330, ¶ 17, quoting State v. Sage, 31 Ohio St.3d
173 (1987), paragraph two of the syllabus. Based on the record here, it simply cannot be
said that the trial court abused its discretion in excluding the consent judgment decree at trial.
This is particularly true considering the Bryants merely provided the trial court with an
uncertified copy of a portion of the decree printed from an online docket that was missing all
attached exhibits. The Bryants also failed to provide any evidence the consent judgment was
applicable to U.S. Bank or that they met the "eligibility requirements" entitling them to relief.
Therefore, the Bryants' claim that the trial court erred in allowing U.S. Bank to foreclose on
the Property based on the consent judgment decree in United States v. Bank of America
Corp., D.C.Cir. No. 1:12-cv-00361, is wholly without merit and overruled.
{¶ 11} Next, the Bryants argue it was inequitable to allow U.S. Bank to foreclose on
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the Property because they "face a greater loss if equitable relief is unfairly granted than does
[U.S. Bank] if equitable relief were denied." In support of this claim, the Bryants insist
foreclosure in this matter is improper because the Property is their primary investment and
most valuable possession and a foreclosure would "leave them in financial ruin[.]" However,
the Sixth District Court of Appeals has already determined this is an insufficient basis upon
which to reinstate a mortgage. See, e.g., Genoa Banking Co. v. Bergman, 6th Dist. Ottawa
No. OT-12-038, 2013-Ohio-3054, ¶ 11 (finding foreclosure equitable even though appellants
faced a greater potential loss upon foreclosure where appellants failed to pay their loan
obligation). Certainly, in nearly every foreclosure action the mortgagor in default will bear
grievous consequences from a judgment in the mortgagee's favor. See CitiMortgage, Inc. v.
Schippel, 6th Dist. Erie No. E-11-041, 2012-Ohio-3511. Accordingly, this argument is
likewise without merit and overruled.
{¶ 12} Finally, relying on the Third District Court of Appeals decision in PHH Mtge.
Corp. v. Barker, 190 Ohio App.3d 71, 2010-Ohio-5061 (3d Dist.), the Bryants argue it was
inequitable to allow U.S. Bank to foreclose on the Property because they "made more than
reasonable efforts to keep their home" through their loan modification efforts. However,
unlike the homeowners in Barker, the Bryants have not alleged U.S. Bank made any material
misrepresentations regarding the status of their repayment, nor have they alleged that they
cured the default and foreclosure was nevertheless pursued. In fact, quite the opposite has
occurred for it is undisputed that the Bryants were in default on the note and yet still refused
all attempts to modify the loan in order to avoid foreclosure on the Property. As the trial court
explicitly found, "U.S. Bank has made numerous offers to settle at low fixed interest rates and
with mortgage payments around the original payments" required under their previous loans.2
2. Three loan modification offers were provided to the Bryants, all of which provided significantly better terms
than the note and mortgage at issue here – an adjustable rate loan with a 10.5 percent interest rate and a total
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The Bryants' claim otherwise is false and nothing more than a mischaracterization of the
record before this court.
{¶ 13} Nevertheless, the Bryants argue the multiple offers to modify the loan were
"unreasonable" and that it is "not fair" to order foreclosure. However, as the trial court
properly concluded, absent a provision within the note or mortgage, "there are no
requirements that a bank negotiate with a homeowner for a loan modification or enter into a
loan modification with a homeowner." In fact, as previously noted by the Ohio Supreme
Court, "[the lender]'s decision to enforce the written agreements cannot be considered an act
of bad faith." Ed Schory & Sons, Inc. v. Soc. Natl. Bank, 75 Ohio St.3d 433, 443 (1996);
Bank of New York Mellon v. Ackerman, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 24390, 2012-Ohio-956, ¶ 8.
Simply stated, U.S. Bank was no more required to modify a loan to terms that the Bryants
want than the Bryants are required to pay U.S. Bank more to than they had originally agreed.
{¶ 14} After a thorough review of the record, we find the Bryants simply failed to
comply with the terms of the note and mortgage, thus prompting foreclosure on the Property.
The trial court's decision allowing U.S. Bank to foreclose on the Property was therefore
properly supported by the record and did not amount to an abuse of discretion. See, e.g.,
Bank of New York Mellon Trust Co. v. Fox, 6th Dist. Ottawa No. OT-11-046, 2012-Ohio-6245,
¶ 13 (finding foreclosure was equitable where homeowners admitted they were in default on
the note and there were no allegations regarding any material misrepresentations regarding
the bank's willingness to aid them in avoiding foreclosure); Soverign Bank v. Flood, 6th Dist.
Erie No. E-11-072, 2013-Ohio-725, ¶ 18 (finding foreclosure was equitable irrespective of any
alleged misdeeds by the lender where homeowners had not made any payment on the note
payoff amount of approximately $230,000. The most recent loan modification offer provided a loan forgiveness
of approximately $40,000 with 4 percent fixed interest rate on a principal balance of $192,106.78, thus requiring
total monthly mortgage payments of $1,249.14, including escrow payments for insurance and taxes. This offer
was nevertheless rejected.
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for over two years). Accordingly, as there was no error in the trial court's decision allowing
U.S. Bank to foreclose on the Property, the Bryants' single assignment of error is overruled.
{¶ 15} Judgment affirmed.
HENDRICKSON, P.J., and PIPER, J., concur.
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