State v. Brooks , 2018 Ohio 1191 ( 2018 )

[Cite as State v. Brooks, 2018-Ohio-1191.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
No. 105776
STATE OF OHIO
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
MICHAEL J. BROOKS
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT:
AFFIRMED IN PART AND REMANDED IN PART
Criminal Appeal from the
Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CR-14-584941-A
BEFORE: Laster Mays, J., Blackmon, P.J., and Jones, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: March 29, 2018
-i-
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
Brian R. McGraw
55 Public Square, Suite 2100
Cleveland, Ohio 44113
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Michael C. O’Malley
Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
By: Gregory J. Ochocki
Assistant County Prosecutor
Justice Center, 9th Floor
1200 Ontario Street
Cleveland, Ohio 44113
ANITA LASTER MAYS, J.:
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Michael J. Brooks (“Brooks”) appeals his sentence and
asks this court to remand to the trial court for resentencing. We affirm in part, and
remand in part.
I. Procedural History
{¶2} Brooks previously appealed his convictions and sentence to this court in State
v. Brooks, 2016-Ohio-489, 56 N.E.3d 357 (8th Dist.) (“Brooks I”).
In May 2014, Brooks, along with co-defendant Sylvester Cotton, was
indicted in a multi-count indictment. Counts 1 and 2 charged attempted
murder; Counts 3 and 4 charged felonious assault; Counts 5 and 6 charged
kidnapping; Counts 7 and 8 charged aggravated robbery; and Count 9
charged aggravated burglary. Counts 1 through 9 all contained one- and
three-year firearm, forfeiture of a weapon, and repeat violent offender
specifications, as well as notices of prior conviction.
Count 10 charged grand theft; Count 11 charged theft; Count 12 charged
petty theft; Count 13 charged improperly handling firearms in a motor
vehicle; Count 14 charged having weapons while under disability; and
Count 17 charged tampering with evidence. Counts 13 and 14 contained
forfeiture of a weapon specifications. Counts 15, 16, and 18 related solely
to codefendant Cotton.
After discovery, the case proceeded to a joint trial. Relative to Brooks, with
the exception of the having weapons while under disability, the notices of
prior conviction and repeat violent offender specifications, the case was
tried to a jury. The jury found Brooks guilty of all counts and firearm
specifications as charged, and the court found him guilty of having weapons
while under disability and all of the notices of prior conviction and repeat
violent offender specifications. The case immediately proceeded to
sentencing; the trial court sentenced Brooks to an aggregate 75-year prison
sentence, which included consecutive terms.
Id. at ¶ 2-4.
{¶3} In Brooks I, Brooks assigned two errors for our review: “The evidence
adduced at trial was insufficient to sustain a verdict against defendant-appellant; and [t]he
trial court committed prejudicial error by failing to merge the charge of kidnapping into
other crimes of similar import.” Id. at ¶ 19. This court ruled that
Having found merit to the first assignment of error as it relates to the
attempted murder under Count 2, we reverse and remand for vacation of
that conviction. Further, having found merit to the first assignment of
error as it relates to the aggravated burglary conviction under Count 9, we
reverse and remand for vacation of that conviction and resentencing. The
judgment is affirmed in all other respects.
Id. at ¶ 49.
{¶4} On August 10, 2016, the trial court vacated Brooks’s finding of guilty on
Count 2 and his conviction on Count 9. The trial court then reimposed its sentence on
the remaining counts for an aggregate sentence of 61 years.
II. Facts
{¶5} Brooks I summarizes the facts of this case as follows:
The victim, Michael Ewart, testified about the April 25, 2014 incident
which gave rise to the charges. On that evening, sometime approximately
between 8:30 and 8:40, Ewart returned home and parked his Orange
Chevrolet Tahoe SUV on the street near his apartment building.
Ewart testified that he normally entered and exited the apartment building
through the back door because the front door was generally locked. As
Ewart approached the back door, he saw Brooks come “out of the back.”
Two other males were with Brooks, one of whom was Cotton, and each had
a gun. Cotton “came around the back” as Brooks was “coming in the
hallway.” At that same time, Brooks and the other male “ran out the
basement.” Ewart testified that he did not know any of the males prior to
this incident.
Ewart testified that the trio took all the money he had in his pockets, which
totaled approximately $140, and then told him to get into his vehicle
because they were going to the ATM. All three men had their guns drawn
as they walked to Ewart’s vehicle.
When they got to the vehicle, Ewart initially got in the driver’s seat, Brooks
got in the front passenger seat, and Cotton and the other male were in the
back seats. However, the three perpetrators decided that they did not want
Ewart to drive, so they made him get in the back of the vehicle and Cotton
drove. The male in the back with Ewart had his gun drawn on Ewart’s chest
and told him not to move or “try anything.” Brooks told him he was going
to die. Ewart testified that Brooks was wearing a red shirt, and that during
the drive the other two perpetrators referred to Brooks as “Mike.”
Cotton drove to a nearby KeyBank. Cotton had Ewart’s KeyBank ATM
card, which he had taken from his wallet. Cotton went to the
drive-through ATM machine, and made Ewart tell him his password to use
the card, and then, in three separate transactions, Cotton withdrew funds
totaling $560. Surveillance video from the bank captured Cotton
withdrawing the money; he was wearing gloves and apparently attempting
to hide his face with his “hoodie,” which was up over his head.
After Cotton withdrew the money, he drove to an alleyway on East 31st
Street and Cedar Road in Cleveland. The drive took approximately 20 to
30 minutes and included highway time. Upon arriving at the alleyway,
Brooks ordered Ewart to take off all his clothes and leave them in the
vehicle, then to get out of the vehicle, walk down the alleyway away from
the vehicle, and lay down on the ground. Ewart complied.
As Ewart was laying on the ground completely naked, he heard about eight
or nine gunshots and realized he had been hit. He heard three car doors
closing and the vehicle drive away. He did not know who shot him, but
testified that the three perpetrators were the only people in the area at the
time. The police arrived momentarily thereafter.
One of the responding officers testified that the police had been in the area
when they heard “several” gunshots. They immediately responded to the
area where they had heard the gunshots and found Ewart. One officer
testified that Ewart was badly bleeding; he said that he had not seen
bleeding like that since he had served a tour of duty in Iraq. He thought
Ewart was going to die, and did what he could to save his life until
emergency medical assistance arrived. Ewart told the police that he had just
been robbed and shot, and that the suspects fled in his orange Chevrolet
Tahoe. Ewart was transported by ambulance to the hospital. He suffered
at least two gunshot wounds and had to undergo lifesaving surgery.
Meanwhile, two of the police officers had left the scene in pursuit of
Ewart’s orange Tahoe. The officers saw the vehicle and, after attempting
to pull it over, a high speed chase ensued. The Tahoe eventually crashed
into a building located on the campus of Case Western Reserve University.
The driver, Cotton, fled on foot, but was caught by an officer in pursuit.
Brooks, the front seat passenger, also attempted to flee, but was
immediately apprehended. The officer testified that moments prior to the
crash, he saw a gun being thrown from the front passenger window. The
police did not see or apprehend the third suspect. The booking photo of
Brooks shows him wearing a tan, rather than red, shirt, as Ewart testified he
had been wearing.
The police investigated the scene of the shooting and recovered four bullet
casings in the area where Ewart had been found. The gun thrown from the
Tahoe moments before the crash was also recovered. After analysis, it
was determined that the four bullet casings from the shooting scene had not
been fired from the gun found at the crash scene. It was further
determined that a bullet recovered from Ewart’s body had not been fired
from that gun. No other weapons were recovered. Gunshot residue tests
were performed on both Brooks and Cotton; Cotton tested positive for
particles indicative of gunshot residue; Brooks testified negative. None of
either defendants’ clothing were tested for gunshot residue.
After his arrest, a pair of gloves was recovered from Brooks’s outer
garment pocket. Cash was recovered from Cotton — a total of $560, $440
of which was “pushed into” a sleeve of his sweatshirt.
Ewart identified both Brooks and Cotton in photo lineups and at trial as two
of the three perpetrators who committed the crimes.
Brooks presented the testimony of his girlfriend, Antoinette Tatum
(“Tatum”). Tatum testified that Brooks had been at her house in Garfield
Heights on the day before the incident, April 24, 2014, and spent the night
there. The following afternoon, sometime approximately between 4:30 and
5:00, Tatum drove Brooks to his mother’s house, which was also in
Garfield Heights, so that he could shower. Later, Brooks called Tatum to
come pick him up, which she did; they then returned to her house. Tatum
testified that at approximately 8:00 p.m., she drove Brooks back to his
mother’s house and did not have contact with him for the rest of the evening
after that.
On the advice of counsel, Brooks did not testify at trial. But at sentencing,
he told the court that he was not involved in the crimes. According to
Brooks, during the time that the crimes were being committed, he was
walking from Garfield Heights to Cleveland — a walk he admitted would
take approximately two hours — to visit a friend whom he had not seen in
years and was not even sure if she still lived at the house where he was
going. Brooks told the court that upon arriving at the house, his friend was
not home, so he called another friend for a ride. The friend Brooks called
was not available, but told Brooks he would send someone else to pick him
up. Cotton picked him up, and shortly thereafter the police chased ensued.
Brooks denied even knowing Cotton and also denied throwing a gun out of
the vehicle’s window.
Id. at ¶ 5-18.
{¶6} After the trial court sentenced Brooks to 61 years imprisonment, in
accordance with the decision in Brooks I, Brooks filed this instant appeal raising two
assignments of error for our review:
I. The trial court erred and/or lacked sufficient justification to impose
consecutive sentences; and
II. The court’s aggregate sentence of 61 years violates the appellant’s
Eighth Amendment right against cruel and unusual punishment.
III. Res Judicata
{¶7} Brooks’s claims are barred by res judicata.
Under the doctrine of res judicata, “a valid, final judgment rendered upon
the merits bars all subsequent actions based upon any claim arising out of
the transaction or occurrence that was the subject matter of the previous
action.” State v. Patrick, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99418, 2013-Ohio-5020,
¶ 7, citing Grava v. Parkman Twp., 73 Ohio St. 3d 379, 382, 653 N.E.2d 226
(1995). In order to overcome the res judicata bar, the petitioner must
show, through the use of extrinsic evidence, that he or she could not have
appealed the original constitutional claim based on the information in the
original trial record. State v. Combs, 100 Ohio App. 3d 90, 652 N.E.2d 205
(1st Dist.1994). Said another way, issues properly raised in a petition for
postconviction relief are only those that could not have been raised on direct
appeal because the evidence supporting such issues is outside the record.
State v. Milanovich, 42 Ohio St. 2d 46, 50, 325 N.E.2d 540 (1975).
State v. Jackson, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 104132, 2017-Ohio-2651, ¶ 53.
{¶8} Brooks has not demonstrated that it was impossible for him to raise his issues
on direct appeal. He could have raised the consecutive sentencing issue in Brooks I, but
he did not. “It is well recognized that the doctrine of res judicata bars claims that were
raised or could have been raised on direct appeal.” (Citations omitted.) State v. Roberts,
8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 104474, 2017- Ohio 9014, ¶ 5. Brooks was originally sentenced
to 72 years of imprisonment. In his first appeal, Brooks I, counsel did not raise the issue
of cruel and unusual punishment.
Res judicata, also known as “claim preclusion,” is the doctrine under which
a final judgment on the merits bars a party from bringing another lawsuit
based upon the same claim. Whitehead v. Gen. Tel. Co., 20 Ohio St. 2d 108,
254 N.E.2d 10 (1969). Res judicata extends to bar not only claims which
were actually litigated, but “every question which might have properly been
litigated.” Stromberg v. Bratenahl Bd. of Edn., 64 Ohio St. 2d 98, 413
N.E.2d 1184 (1980).
State v. Goodwin, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 72043, 1999 Ohio App. LEXIS 2436 (May 27,
1999). Therefore, Brooks’s assignment of errors are overruled.
IV. Consecutive Sentences
{¶9} The state requested that this court remand to trial court for the limited
purpose of issuing a nunc pro tunc entry to reflect the lengthy analysis of the R.C.
2929.14(C)(4) criteria that the trial court engaged in during the proceedings. In the
journal entry, it just states that the trial court placed on the record R.C. 2929.14(C)(4)(b)
in regards to the consecutive sentences. “In addition to making the requisite R.C.
2929.14(C)(4) findings during the sentencing hearing, the trial court is also required to
incorporate its consecutive sentence findings into its sentencing journal entry. State v.
Bonnell, 140 Ohio St. 3d 209, 2014-Ohio-3177, 16 N.E.3d 659, at syllabus.” State v.
Allison, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 105212, 2017-Ohio-7720, ¶ 19.
{¶10} This court has stated:
In Scaglione v. Saridakis, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 91490, 2009-Ohio-4702,
this court reiterated the longstanding rule of the use of nunc pro tunc as
follows: “A nunc pro tunc order may be issued by a trial court, as an
exercise of its inherent power, to make its record speak the truth. It is used
to record that which the trial court did, but which has not been recorded. It
is an order issued now, which has the same legal force and effect as if it had
been issued at an earlier time, when it ought to have been issued. Thus,
the effect of a nunc pro tunc order is limited to memorializing what the trial
court actually did at an earlier point in time. It can be used to supply
information which existed but was not recorded, to correct mathematical
calculations, and to correct typographical or clerical errors. A nunc pro
tunc order cannot be used to supply omitted action, or to indicate what the
court might or should have decided, or what the trial court intended to
decide. Its proper use is limited to what the trial court actually did decide.”
Id. at ¶ 9, quoting State v. Greulich, 61 Ohio App. 3d 22, 24-25, 572 N.E.2d
132 (9th Dist.1988).
Alden v. FirstEnergy Corp., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 100575, 2014-Ohio-3235, ¶ 10.
Accordingly, we remand the matter to the trial court to enter a nunc pro tunc entry setting
forth the applicable consecutive sentence findings made at the sentencing hearing. Id.
{¶11} Judgment is affirmed in part and remanded in part to the trial court for the
limited purpose to issue a nunc pro tunc sentencing journal entry incorporating the
consecutive sentence finding.
It is ordered that appellee recover of appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common
pleas court to carry this judgment into execution. The defendant’s convictions having
been affirmed, any bail pending appeal is terminated. The case is remanded to the trial
court for execution of sentence.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of
the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
_________________________________________
ANITA LASTER MAYS, JUDGE
PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, P.J., and
LARRY A. JONES, SR., J., CONCUR