State v. Jordan , 2011 Ohio 6015 ( 2011 )

[Cite as State v. Jordan, 2011-Ohio-6015.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT
HARDIN COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO,
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, CASE NO. 6-11-05
v.
JOHN LEONARD JORDAN, IV, OPINION
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
Appeal from Hardin County Common Pleas Court
Trial Court No. 20112069 CRI
Judgment Affirmed
Date of Decision: November 21, 2011
APPEARANCES:
Nichole M. Winget for Appellant
Bradford W. Bailey and Maria Santo for Appellee
Case 6-11-05
WILLAMOWSKI, J.
{¶1} Defendant-Appellant, John L. Jordan, IV (“Jordan”), appeals the
judgment of the Hardin County Court of Common Pleas, sentencing Jordan to
three years and eighty-three days of incarceration after he pled guilty to failure to
comply with an order or signal of a police officer and operating a vehicle while
under the influence (“OVI”). On appeal, Jordan contends that his sentence did not
meet the principles of the felony sentencing statutes and that the trial court failed
to consider the statutory seriousness factors set forth in R.C. 2921.331. For the
reasons set forth below, the judgment is affirmed.
{¶2} On May 6, 2011, the Hardin County Grand Jury indicted Jordan on the
following three counts: (1) failure to comply with an order or signal of a police
officer in violation of R.C. 2921.331(B), (C)(5)(a)(ii), a felony of the third degree;
(2) operating a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol * * * in
violation of R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(a), a misdemeanor of the first degree; and (3)
driving under suspension in violation of R.C. 4510.11(A),(C)(1)(a), a
misdemeanor of the first degree.
{¶3} The charges stem from an incident occurring approximately 11:00
p.m. on April 6, 2011, when Sergeant Carroll (“Sgt. Carroll”) of the Kenton Police
Department observed an oncoming motor vehicle veer into his lane of travel.
According to the statement of facts read at the change of plea hearing, Sgt. Carroll
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had to pull to the right in order to avoid a collision with Jordan’s vehicle. Sgt.
Carroll then turned around in pursuit and activated his overhead lights. Jordan
attempted to elude the police officer by turning right onto Barron Street, quickly
turning left into an alley, and then turning left onto Maple Street. Jordan then
turned onto East Columbus Street, after failing to stop for the stop sign, and then
he turned onto Oriental Street, where he almost lost control by veering left and
ended up on the left curb of the roadway, leaving skid marks. Jordan next turned
left into an alley and right onto Superior Street, where he crashed into a parked
car, pushing it forward into another parked car, completely totaling one car and
seriously damaging the other. Jordan exited his vehicle and fled on foot between
houses on Superior Street. (See June 27, 2011 Sent. Tr., pp. 5-9.)
{¶4} Sgt. Carroll gave chase and finally apprehended Jordan, who had a
strong odor of alcohol about his person. Officers found two whiskey bottles on
the front passenger floor of Jordan’s vehicle along with a receipt for the purchase
of a bottle of Jim Beam at 7:05 that evening. (Id.)
{¶5} Jordan originally pled not guilty to all of the counts. On June 27,
2011, the parties reached a negotiated plea agreement and the trial court held a
change of plea hearing. The trial court conducted a full and detailed Crim.R. 11
plea colloquy before accepting Jordan’s guilty pleas for the first two counts, with
the State agreeing to dismiss the third count. The plea agreement did not include
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any sentencing agreement. The trial court proceeded to sentence Jordan using a
PSI that was already on file as a result of Jordan’s current community control
sanctions in two prior felony cases.
{¶6} At the sentencing hearing, Mr. Jordan’s counsel requested that Jordan
be allowed to attend the W.O.R.T.H. Center to receive treatment for his alcohol
addiction in lieu of being sent to prison. Although Jordan has had some out-
patient treatment in the past, Jordan’s attorney claimed that he had not undergone
any form of intensive treatment. The State, however, requested that Jordan be
sentenced to three years and six months on the two counts. The State indicated
that Jordan had an extensive record consisting of several theft offenses, arson, bad
check charges, and a traffic record. Although his license had been suspended, he
continued to drive and was not compliant with his community control obligations.
{¶7} The trial court sentenced Jordan to three years in prison on the failure
to comply charge and eighty-three days in jail on the OVI charge (with credit for
eighty-three days served). He was also ordered to pay restitution in the amount of
$913.20, fines totaling $425, and costs. The trial court informed Jordan that his
driver’s license would be suspended for life, as this was the second time he had
been convicted of a failure to comply offense, and he would be subject to three
years of post-release control. The sentence was journalized on June 29, 2011.
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{¶8} Jordan now appeals, raising the following two assignments of error for
our review.
First Assignment of Error
The trial court erred by sentencing [Jordan] to a three-year
prison term that did not meet the principles of felony sentencing.
Second Assignment of Error
The trial court erred in failing to consider the statutory
seriousness factors set forth in R.C. 2921.331 when imposing a
sentence for the offense of failure to comply with the order or
signal of a police officer.
{¶9} In his first assignment of error, Jordan asserts that the dual purposes of
felony sentencing were not met when the trial court sentenced him to prison rather
than treatment for his addiction. He acknowledges that his prison sentence
satisfies the “punishment” factor but he maintains that his incarceration does not
protect the public from future crime. Jordan argues that “intense treatment for his
addiction is the only way the public will be protected from future crimes that will
result from this addiction.” [Appellant’s Brief, p. 3.]
{¶10} R.C. 2929.11 provides that sentences for a felony shall be guided by
the overriding purposes of felony sentencing: “to protect the public from future
crime by the offender and others and to punish the offender.” The statute further
states:
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(A) * * * To achieve those purposes, the sentencing court shall
consider the need for incapacitating the offender, deterring the
offender and others from future crime, rehabilitating the
offender, and making restitution to the victim of the offense, the
public, or both.
(B) A sentence imposed for a felony shall be reasonably
calculated to achieve the two overriding purposes of felony
sentencing set forth in division (A) of this section, commensurate
with and not demeaning to the seriousness of the offender's
conduct and its impact upon the victim, and consistent with
sentences imposed for similar crimes committed by similar
offenders. * * *
R.C. 2929.11.1
{¶11} Ever since the Ohio Supreme Court’s ruling in State v. Foster, 109
Ohio St.3d 1, 2006-Ohio-856, 845 N.E.2d 470, “trial courts have full discretion to
impose a prison sentence within the statutory range and are no longer required to
make findings or give their reasons for imposing maximum, consecutive, or more
than the minimum sentences.” State v. Mathis, 109 Ohio St.3d 54, 2006-Ohio-
855, 846 N.E.2d 1, ¶37. Courts, nevertheless, are still required to comply with the
sentencing laws unaffected by Foster, such as R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12, which
require consideration of the purposes and principles of felony sentencing and the
seriousness and recidivism factors. Mathis at ¶38. However, a sentencing court
1
This is the language of the statute that was in effect at the time Jordan committed the offense and was
sentenced, prior to any modifications that occurred as a result of House Bill 86, effective September 30,
2011.
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does not have to make any specific findings to demonstrate its consideration of
those general guidance statutes. Foster at ¶42.
{¶12} In the journal entry of sentencing, the trial court did state that it had
“considered the purposes and principles of sentencing in Revised Code Section
2929.11 * * * .” (J.E., p. 3) The trial court definitely inquired into the possibility
as to whether a sentence other than prison might be appropriate:
Court: You were placed on supervision to this Court
September 22, 2009, two separate cases. ‘Conditions of
supervision: continue drug and alcohol counseling.’ Have you
completed that?
Jordan: Yes, your Honor.
Court: ‘Not consume alcohol or drugs of abuse?’ You
couldn’t follow through with that, right? ‘Pay restitution, pay a
fine and costs?’ The last payment you made to the Clerk of
courts was September of 2010. That’s still being applied to your
1996 case. You haven’t paid the first penny on these two
pending charges. ‘Obtain and maintain employment.’ Did you
do that?
Jordan: No, your Honor.
Court: Did you do your eighty hours of community service
work?
Jordan: No, your Honor.
Court: Do you see my problem, Mr. Jordan, with placing
you on further supervision?
Jordan: Yes, I do.
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Judge: I’d have to agree with [the prosecutor] that having
you on supervision doesn’t mean a whole lot to you, does it?
Jordan: It does, but . . .
Court: You still do what you want to do, don’t you?
Jordan: Yes.
Court: And you don’t do what it is you’re supposed to do,
right?
Jordan: Right.
(Sentencing Tr., pp. 34-35.)
{¶13} The court had previously attempted to treat his problem when it
granted him community control in his two prior felony cases, which included
substance abuse treatment. (Id. at p. 34.) At the time of this offense, his driver’s
license was already under suspension for multiple matters (a child support
suspension, a twelve point suspension, non-compliance suspension, a court
suspension). (Id. at p. 8.) Jordan himself stated that he was grateful that no one
was hurt, and he acknowledged that someone could have been seriously injured.
(Id. at p. 33.) It is evident from the record that the trial court considered the
statutory principles and purposes of sentencing, and that Jordan’s incarceration
was necessary in order to protect the public. Jordan has failed to demonstrate that
the judgment is contrary to law. The first assignment of error is overruled.
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{¶14} In the second assignment of error, Jordan complains that the trial
court failed to indicate that it had “reviewed, considered, or followed” the factors
set forth in R.C. 2921.331(C)(5)(b) to determine the seriousness of the offense.
Jordan asserts that without this finding, the trial court erred when it ordered a
sentence of three years in prison.
{¶15} R.C. 2921.331(C)(5)(b) outlines several factors that the sentencing
court must consider prior to determining the sentence for the offense of failure to
comply. State v. Payne, 3d Dist. No. 5-04-21, 20004-Ohio-6487, ¶27. These
factors include:
(i) The duration of the pursuit;
(ii) The distance of the pursuit;
(iii) The rate of speed at which the offender operated the motor
vehicle during the pursuit;
(iv) Whether the offender failed to stop for traffic lights or stop
signs during the pursuit;
(v) The number of traffic lights or stop signs for which the
offender failed to stop during the pursuit;
(vi) Whether the offender operated the motor vehicle during the
pursuit without lighted lights during a time when lighted lights
are required;
(vii) Whether the offender committed a moving violation during
the pursuit;
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(viii) The number of moving violations the offender committed
during the pursuit;
(ix) Any other relevant factors indicating that the offender's
conduct is more serious than conduct normally constituting the
offense.
R.C. 2921.331(C)(5)(b).
{¶16} Jordan acknowledges that no specific findings need to be made on
the record regarding the court’s consideration of these factors. See, e.g., State v.
Jones, 8th Dist. No. 89499, 2008-Ohio-802, ¶18; State v. Anderson, 8th Dist. No.
83285, 2004-Ohio-2858, ¶22 (holding “[t]he court is not required by statute or
otherwise to state its consideration of statutory factors on the record nor to make
any specific finding in relation thereto.”). However, Jordan claims that his case is
analogous to State v. Oliver, 7th Dist. No. 07-MA-169, 2008-Ohio-6371, where the
Seventh District Court of Appeals found that the trial court erred when it
sentenced the defendant without any indication that it considered the factors
espoused in R.C. 2921.331(C)(5)(b). Id. at ¶32.
{¶17} However, we find that the facts in Oliver are completely
distinguishable and that Jordan has misconstrued the holding. In Oliver, there
were “no facts discussed at the sentencing hearing.” Oliver, at ¶32. Thus, the
Court of Appeals held that “without any facts” and without any other indication
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that it considered the seriousness factors espoused in R.C. 2921.331(C)(5)(b), the
trial court erred when it sentenced the defendant. (Emphasis added.) Id.
{¶18} The facts in this case are analogous to State v. Anderson, supra,
where “the defendant’s conduct as recited by the State afforded the court the
opportunity to assess the seriousness of [the] defendant’s conduct under the
requisite factors.” 2004-Ohio-2858, ¶21. In Anderson, “[t]he court found
defendant guilty of the charges based upon the facts presented by the State;
therefore, the court necessarily considered those facts which fell within R.C.
2921.331(C)(5)(b)(i)-(ix).” Id. at ¶22. See, also, State v. Jones, 2008-Ohio-802,
at ¶1; Oliver, at ¶30.
{¶19} At Jordan’s change of plea hearing, the State presented a factual
statement that detailed Jordan’s conduct that evening. This factual statement
provided the trial court with sufficient information to determine the seriousness of
Jordan’s conduct pursuant to R.C. 2921.331(C)(5)(b). Jordan also admitted to the
factual recitation prior to the trial court accepting his guilty plea and
acknowledged that it was an accurate representation of his involvement in the
events. (Tr., pp. 15-16) Furthermore, prior to the court imposing sentence, Jordan
made the following statement.
As far as what happened that night, I watched the video and
realized there’s no point in wasting the Court’s time in trying to
fight anything because the only thing I can do is pray and thank
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God that nobody got hurt, because its obvious somebody
could’ve very easily. I just, you know, wish I could take back
that night and not have been drinking at all, but I can’t. All I
can do is apologize and hope that you can see it in your heart to
be a little lenient on me.
(Tr., pp. 33-34)
{¶20} It is clear from the record that the trial court considered all of the
required statutory factors when imposing sentence. The trial court did not err
when it imposed a three-year prison term for the offense. Jordan’s second
assignment of error is overruled.
{¶21} Having found no error prejudicial to the Appellant herein in the
particulars assigned and argued, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Judgment Affirmed
SHAW and PRESTON, J.J., concur.
/jlr
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