State ex rel. Post v. Speck , 185 Ohio App. 3d 828 ( 2010 )

[Cite as State ex rel. Post v. Speck, 185 Ohio App.3d 828, 2010-Ohio-105.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT
MERCER COUNTY
The State of Ohio ex rel. Court of Appeals No. 10-09-06
Post et al.,
Trial Court No. 01-CIV-091
Appellees,
v.
Speck, Dir., Ohio Department DECISION AND JUDGMENT
of Natural Resources,
Appellant. Decided: January 19, 2010
*****
Bruce L. Ingram, Joseph R. Miller, and Thomas H. Fusonie, for appellees.
Richard Cordray, Attorney General, and John P. Bartley, Rachel H. Stelzer, and
Raymond J. Studer, Assistant Attorneys General, for appellant.
*****
HANDWORK, Judge.
{¶ 1} This appeal is from the March 18, 2009 judgment of the Mercer County
Court of Common Pleas, which determined the date of the involuntary taking of the
properties of appellees, Leo Post, Richard Baucher, Jack Minch, Steve Zumberge, and
Terry Linn. Upon consideration of the assignments of error, we vacate the decision of
the lower court. Appellant, the director of the Ohio Department of Natural Resources
("ODNR"), asserts the following assignments of error on appeal:
{¶ 2} "Assignment of error No. 1
{¶ 3} "The trial court did not have subject matter jurisdiction to decide the date of
take issue because, after the director filed ODNR's first notice of appeal, the court of
appeals' decision and judgment entry did not remand this action back to the trial court.
{¶ 4} "Assignment of error No. 2
{¶ 5} "The trial court erred in setting a date of take for valuation purposes later in
time than the state's initial date of entry."
{¶ 6} On December 4, 2006, this court affirmed the decision of the Mercer
County Court of Common Pleas. We affirmed the grant of a writ of mandamus
compelling the ODNR to initiate appropriation proceedings to compensate appellees for
the taking of their properties by flooding resulting from a change in the management of
the water levels and the construction of a new spillway at Grand Lake St. Marys.
Following our decision, the trial court ordered the parties to brief the issue of what "date
of taking" should be used. After considering the memoranda of May 31, 2007, and June
4, 2007, the trial court, on July 12, 2007, set the date of taking as the date the taking was
determined at trial, December 14, 2005. Appellee moved on September 18, 2009, to
correct our reading of the trial court's July 12, 2007 judgment. Appellees argue that the
court held that the date of taking was the date of the trial in the later appropriation
proceedings and not the mandamus action. We disagree with appellees' interpretation of
the July 17, 2007 judgment. However, our decision in this appeal renders the issue moot,
and appellees' motion is denied.
2.
{¶ 7} On February 18, 2009, the trial court "dismissed" the mandamus action.
The ODNR filed this appeal from that order challenging only the July 12, 2007 date-of-
taking determination. Meanwhile, the ODNR filed five separate appropriation actions in
the Mercer County Common Pleas Court pursuant to the writ of mandamus, and these
proceedings are currently pending.
{¶ 8} On appeal, the ODNR argues in its first assignment of error that the trial
court lacked subject-matter jurisdiction to determine the date of taking. Alternatively in
its second assignment of error, appellant argues that the trial court erred in its
determination of the date.
{¶ 9} We agree with the ODNR that after this court affirmed the grant of a writ of
mandamus to appellees, the trial court lacked subject-matter jurisdiction over this action.
We specifically affirmed the judgment of the trial court without remanding it to the trial
court for further proceedings. We expected the ODNR to comply with the writ and file
the appropriation actions in the Mercer County Common Pleas Court. However, the trial
court attempted to reassume jurisdiction over the mandamus action and determine the
date-of-taking issue.
{¶ 10} Jurisdiction is a prerequisite to a valid judgment. Truman v. Walton (1899),
59 Ohio St. 517, 529, and State ex rel. Herring v. Greater Unity Baptist Church, 6th Dist.
No. L-01-1345, 2002-Ohio-4944. Subject-matter jurisdiction is the power conferred on a
court to decide a particular matter on its merits and render an enforceable judgment over
the action. Morrison v. Steiner (1972), 32 Ohio St.2d 86. A judgment is void if the court
3.
lacks subject-matter jurisdiction over the type of case. Pratts v. Hurley, 102 Ohio St.3d
81, 2004-Ohio-1980, at ¶ 11. However, if the court generally has subject-matter
jurisdiction over the case, but exercised jurisdiction erroneously in a particular case, the
subsequent judgment is merely voidable. State v. Simpkins, 117 Ohio St.3d 420, 2008-
Ohio-1197, ¶ 12, superseded by statute on other grounds as stated in State v. Singleton,
124 Ohio St.3d 173, 2009-Ohio-6434. We review the issue of subject-matter jurisdiction
de novo. Yazdani-Isfehani v. Yazdani-Isfehani, 170 Ohio App.3d 1, 2006-Ohio-7105, ¶
20.
{¶ 11} Void judgments can be attacked at any time. Civ.R. 60(B), 1970 Staff
Notes; State v. Simpkins, at ¶ 23, and Gahanna v. Jones-Williams (1997), 117 Ohio
App.3d 399, 404, quoting In re Murphy (1983), 10 Ohio App.3d 134, 10 OBR 184, 461
N.E.2d 910 (" ‘A void judgment can be attacked by motion, on appeal, or collaterally
without time restrictions’ "). Moreover, the trial court has inherent power to vacate a
void judgment. Patton v. Diemer (1988), 35 Ohio St.3d 68, 70. Some appellate courts
have extended the Patton holding to find that appellate courts have inherent power to
vacate void orders. Grimes v. Grimes, 173 Ohio App.3d 537, 2007-Ohio-5653, ¶ 24, and
Gahanna v. Jones-Williams. We also note that the Ohio Supreme Court has vacated a
trial court's void judgment. State v. Boswell, 121 Ohio St.3d 575, 2009-Ohio-1577, ¶ 13,
superseded by statute on other grounds as stated in State v. Singleton, 124 Ohio St.3d
173, 2009-Ohio-6434.
4.
{¶ 12} Since the trial court in this case exercised jurisdiction over the merits of the
case after the final order was rendered, the court acted outside of its subject-matter
jurisdiction and its subsequent judgment is void. Fiore v. Larger, 2d Dist. Nos. 05-CV-
6054 and 07-CV-8371, 2009-Ohio-5408, ¶ 36. Therefore, we find appellant's first
assignment of error well taken and its second assignment of error moot.
{¶ 13} We find that the trial court did commit error prejudicial to appellant, that
substantial justice has not been done, and that the judgment of the Mercer County Court
of Common Pleas is void. We hereby vacate the trial court's judgment. We specifically
do not remand this case to the trial court as there are no further proceedings warranted in
this mandamus action. Appellee is ordered to pay the costs of this appeal pursuant to
App.R. 24.
Judgment vacated
PIETRYKOWSKI and SINGER, JJ., concur.
PETER M. HANDWORK, MARK L. PIETRYKOWSKI, and ARLENE SINGER, JJ., Sixth
District Court of Appeals, sitting by assignment.
5.