State v. Campbell , 2013 Ohio 1569 ( 2013 )

[Cite as State v. Campbell, 2013-Ohio-1569.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO, : APPEAL NO. C-110627
TRIAL NO. B-1101716
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
O P I N I O N.
vs. :
DONTA CAMPBELL, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
Criminal Appeal From: Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas
Judgment Appealed From Is: Reversed and Cause Remanded
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: April 19, 2013
Joseph T. Deters, Hamilton County Prosecuting Attorney, and Paula E. Adams,
Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for Plaintiff-Appellee,
Ohio Justice & Policy Center and Marguerite Slagle, for Defendant-Appellant.
Please note: we have removed this case from the accelerated calendar.
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
F ISCHER , Judge.
Facts and Procedure
{¶1} On November 1, 2002, defendant-appellant Donta Campbell was
convicted of rape. After a sex-offender-classification hearing under former R.C.
Chapter 2950 (“Megan’s Law”), the trial court classified Campbell as a sexually
oriented offender. See Am.Sub.H.B. No. 180, 146 Ohio Laws, Part II, enacted in
1996, amended in 2003 by Am.Sub.S.B. No. 5, 150 Ohio Laws, Part IV 6556. As a
sexually oriented offender, Campbell was required to register for ten years and to
verify his address annually. He was also required to notify the sheriff of any change
of address. In 2007, the General Assembly enacted Am.Sub.S.B. No. 10 (“Senate Bill
10”) to implement the federal Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act.
{¶2} Campbell was indicted on March 17, 2011, for failing to notify the
sheriff of an address change, a felony of the first degree. On May 5, 2011, he pleaded
guilty to failure to notify as a second-degree felony. The trial court accepted
Campbell’s plea and set sentencing for May 20, 2011. On May 19, Campbell filed a
motion and a supplemental motion to withdraw his guilty plea, arguing that he had
entered his plea in ignorance of the Ohio Supreme Court’s decisions in State v.
Bodyke, 126 Ohio St.3d 266, 2010-Ohio-2424, 933 N.E.2d 753, and State v. Gingell,
128 Ohio St.3d 444, 2011-Ohio-1481, 946 N.E.2d 192. Campbell also argued that the
indictment was facially invalid, that the state had not filed a bill of particulars even
though Campbell had requested one, and that the facts did not support the charge.
The trial court granted Campbell’s motion to withdraw his plea.
{¶3} Campbell filed a motion to dismiss the indictment on June 24, 2011,
arguing that the indictment was facially invalid because (1) it failed to state an
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offense and (2) it alleged a violation under Senate Bill 10, which was inapplicable to
him because he had committed his offense and had been classified under Megan’s
Law. The state filed a bill of particulars on July 7, 2011.
{¶4} After a hearing on July 13, 2011, the trial court orally overruled
Campbell’s motion to dismiss the indictment. Campbell filed a motion for
reconsideration of the trial court’s oral denial of the motion to dismiss the
indictment, which the trial court overruled in a written entry. Campbell pleaded
guilty to failing to provide notice of an address change. The court accepted
Campbell’s plea and found him guilty on September 20, 2011. Campbell filed a
premature notice of appeal on October 5, 2011. Campbell was sentenced on October
13, 2011, to two years’ incarceration.
{¶5} We affirmed the trial court’s judgment in State v. Campbell, 1st Dist.
No. C-110627, 2012-Ohio-3332. The Ohio Supreme Court reversed our opinion, and
remanded the cause “for application of the court’s decisions in State v. Brunning,
134 Ohio St.3d 438, 2012-Ohio-5752, 983 N.E.2d 316, and State v. Howard, 134
Ohio St.3d 467, 2012-Ohio-5738, 983 N.E.2d 341.” State v. Campbell, Slip Op. No.
2012-1519, 2012-Ohio-6192. Accordingly, we vacate, and substitute this opinion for,
our 2012 opinion.
Analysis
{¶6} Campbell’s sole assignment of error alleges that the trial court erred in
overruling his motion to dismiss the indictment because the application of R.C. Chapter
2950 to him was unconstitutional.
{¶7} The Ohio Supreme Court held in Bodyke, 126 Ohio St.3d 266, 2010-
Ohio-2424, 933 N.E.2d 753, that “R.C. 2950.031 and 2950.032, which require the
attorney general to reclassify sex offenders whose classifications have already been
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adjudicated by a court and made the subject of a final order, violate the separation-of-
powers doctrine by requiring the reopening of final judgments.” Id. at paragraph three
of the syllabus. Further, the court held that the statutes violate the separation-of-
powers doctrine because they “impermissibly instruct the executive branch to review
past decisions of the judicial branch.” Id. at paragraph two of the syllabus. The court
severed the statutory provisions, holding that “R.C. 2950.031 and 2950.032 may not be
applied to offenders previously adjudicated under Megan’s Law,” and “reinstated” the
classifications and community-notification and registration orders imposed previously
by the trial courts. Id. at ¶ 66. The Supreme Court cited Bodyke in Gingell, 128 Ohio
St.3d 444, 2011-Ohio-1481, 946 N.E.2d 192, holding that an offender who had been
judicially classified as a sexually oriented offender and had been ordered to register
annually for ten years under Megan’s Law could not be prosecuted for failing to comply
with a more restrictive requirement imposed after reclassification as a Tier III sex
offender under Senate Bill 10.
{¶8} In State v. Williams, 129 Ohio St.3d 344, 2011-Ohio-3374, 952 N.E.2d
1108, the Ohio Supreme Court held that “2007 Am.Sub.S.B. No. 10, as applied to
defendants who committed sex offenses prior to its enactment, violates Section 28,
Article II of the Ohio Constitution, which prohibits the General Assembly from passing
retroactive laws.” Id. at syllabus. The court concluded that Senate Bill 10’s more
stringent classification, registration, and community-notification provisions imposed
“new or additional burdens, duties, obligations, or liabilities as to a past transaction”
and created “new burdens, new duties, new obligations, or new liabilities not existing at
the time” upon sex offenders who had committed their crimes prior to Senate Bill 10’s
enactment. Id. at ¶ 19. The court held that Senate Bill 10’s classification, registration,
and community-notification provisions were punitive and could not constitutionally be
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retroactively applied to sex offenders who had committed their sex offenses before its
enactment.
{¶9} The Supreme Court applied the holdings of Bodyke and Williams in
State v. Palmer, 131 Ohio St.3d 278, 2012-Ohio-580, 964 N.E.2d 406. Palmer had
pleaded guilty to sexual battery in 1995 and had served an 18-month sentence. He had
no duty to register under Megan’s Law because he had completed his sentence prior to
July 1, 1997. After Senate Bill 10 became effective, Palmer was administratively
classified as a Tier III sex offender. He was then indicted for failing to provide notice of
an address change and for failing to verify his current address. The Supreme Court
held that the indictment against Palmer should have been dismissed because Senate
Bill 10’s classification, registration, and community-notification provisions could not
constitutionally be applied to him. Further, the court noted, Megan’s Law did not apply
to Palmer because he had been released from prison for his sex offense prior to July 1,
1997.
{¶10} Because Campbell committed his crime in 2002, Senate Bill 10’s
classification, registration, and community-notification provisions may not be
applied to him. Campbell argues that he was unconstitutionally charged and
convicted under Senate Bill 10. The indictment alleges that Campbell failed to
provide written notice at least 20 days prior to an address change. Campbell argues
that when he was convicted of his original sex offense, he was required, under
Megan’s law, to give written notice at least seven days prior to an address change.
Therefore, Campbell asserts, the indictment unconstitutionally charges him with a
Senate Bill 10 violation.
{¶11} Megan’s Law was amended to provide for a 20-day notice
requirement. Megan’s Law and its amendments were upheld as constitutional by the
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Ohio Supreme Court. See State v. Ferguson, 120 Ohio St.3d 7, 2008-Ohio-4824, 896
N.E.2d 110; State v. Cook, 83 Ohio St.3d 404, 700 N.E.2d 570 (1998). Therefore,
Campbell had a duty under Megan’s Law to provide written notice at least 20 days
prior to an address change. See Brunning, 134 Ohio St.3d 438, 2012-Ohio-5752, 983
N.E.2d 316, at ¶ 24 (“both the current and former versions of R.C. 2950.05(A)
required offenders to provide a 20-day notification of a change in their residence
address”).
{¶12} The Supreme Court held in Brunning that Bodyke did not require the
vacation of a conviction for failing to provide notice of a change of address where the
failure was a violation of R.C. 2950.05 both as it exists under Senate Bill 10 and as it
existed under Megan’s Law. Id. Campbell was indicted for failing to provide written
notice at least 20 days prior to an address change, and the stated basis of the notice
requirement was a November 1, 2002, conviction for rape. Campbell had an ongoing
duty under Megan’s Law to provide written notice 20 days prior to a change of
address. His failure-to-notify offense was based upon that duty, which was the same
under both Senate Bill 10 and Megan’s Law. Therefore, the trial court did not err in
overruling his motion to dismiss the indictment on that basis.
{¶13} Campbell also argues that the indictment unconstitutionally charged
him with a Senate Bill 10 violation because it charged him with a first-degree felony,
and when he committed his sex offense, failure to notify of an address change was a
fifth-degree felony. Campbell asserts that the “retroactive” application of R.C.
2950.99’s current penalty provisions, which made Campbell’s failure-to-notify
offense a first-degree felony, was unconstitutional. We note that Campbell pleaded
guilty to and was sentenced for failure to notify as a second-degree felony.
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{¶14} In State v. Howard, 134 Ohio St.3d 467, 2012-Ohio-5738, 983 N.E.2d
341, the Supreme Court held that former R.C. 2950.99, “specifically, the version of
R.C. 2950.99 in place immediately prior to the repeal of Megan’s Law by the Adam
Walsh Act” governs the penalty for sex offenders originally classified under Megan’s
Law who violate former R.C. 2950.05 by failing to give proper notice of an address
change. Campbell must be found guilty and sentenced under the version of R.C.
2950.99 in place immediately prior to the effective date of Senate Bill 10. Under that
version of R.C. 2950.99, Campbell’s failure-to-notify offense is a felony of the third
degree. See id.; see also State v. Washington, 1st Dist. No. C-120583, 2013-Ohio-
797.
{¶15} Campbell’s assignment of error is sustained in part and overruled in
part. The judgment of the trial court finding Campbell guilty of and sentencing him
for a second-degree felony is reversed, and this cause is remanded to the trial court
with instructions to vacate Campbell’s second-degree felony conviction, to enter a
finding of guilt for a third-degree felony, and to sentence Campbell for a third-degree
felony offense.
Judgment reversed and cause remanded.
H ENDON , P.J., and H ILDEBRANDT , J., concur.
Please note:
The court has recorded its own entry this date.
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