State v. Burden , 2014 Ohio 4456 ( 2014 )

[Cite as State v. Burden, 2014-Ohio-4456.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
)ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF SUMMIT )
STATE OF OHIO C.A. No. 27298
Appellee
v. APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
ENTERED IN THE
STANLEY S. BURDEN COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO
Appellant CASE No. CR 1995 08 2330
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: October 8, 2014
HENSAL, Judge.
{¶1} Stanley Burden appeals a judgment of the Summit County Court of Common
Pleas that denied his motion to dismiss a void sentence and/or judgment order. For the following
reasons, this Court affirms.
I.
{¶2} In 1995, Mr. Burden entered a plea of guilty to one count of rape, and the trial
court sentenced him to 10 to 25 years imprisonment. In 1997, the court adjudicated him a sexual
predator under former Revised Code Section 2950.09. A day later, it issued a nunc pro tunc
order correcting part of its sexual-predator-designation order.
{¶3} In October 2013, Mr. Burden moved the trial court to dismiss its nunc pro tunc
order, arguing that the order had impermissibly modified his sentence. Mr. Burden argued that
the trial court did not have authority to use a nunc pro tunc order to impose additional sentencing
terms. He also argued that the court could not use a nunc pro tunc order to correct mistakes in its
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original judgment entry. He further argued that the trial court misapplied the test for assessing
whether he is a sexual predator and that it impermissibly imposed the requirements ex post facto.
The trial court denied Mr. Burden’s motion, concluding that some of his arguments were barred
by res judicata and the others were without merit. Mr. Burden has appealed, assigning three
errors.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I
THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED PREJUDICE ERROR/PLAIN ERROR
WERE (SIC) THE COURT IMPOSED SENTENCE AND OR JUDGMENT
THROUGH A NUNC PRO TUNC ORDER CRIM. R. 36 THAT CHANGE[D]
AND MODIFIED THE COURT[’S] ORIGINAL JUDGMENT ENTRY OF
NOV. 18, 1995, THAT RENDERED THE COURT[’S] JUDGMENT OF JUNE
12, 1997, VOID [IN] VIOLATION OF THE DEFENDANT[’S] UNITED
STATES CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS 5, 6 AND 14 AMENDMENT.
{¶4} In his first assignment of error, Mr. Burden argues that the trial court improperly
used a nunc pro tunc order to modify the sentencing entry it issued in 1995. Mr. Burden is
mistaken, however, about which entry the nunc pro tunc order modified. As Mr. Burden has
noted, the trial court originally sentenced him in 1995. On June 10, 1997, it held a hearing on
whether he is a sexual predator. On June 11, 1997, the court entered an order finding that he is a
sexual predator under former Section 2950.09. On June 12, 1997, it issued a nunc pro tunc order
to correct a mistake in the order it had entered the previous day. The June 11, 1997, order had
mistakenly contained the wrong name in one place. Contrary to Mr. Burden’s belief, the nunc
pro tunc order did not modify the original sentencing entry. We, therefore, conclude that the trial
court did not improperly amend its 1995 sentencing entry through a nunc pro tunc order. Mr.
Burden’s first assignment of error is overruled.
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ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II
THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED PREJUDICE ERROR/PLAIN ERROR
CRIM. R. 52 WERE (SIC) THE COURT ADJUDICATED THE
DEFENDANT[’S] MOTION TO DISMISS A VOID SENTENCE AND OR
JUDGMENT FILED JUNE 12, 1997, IS BARRED BY THE DOCTRINE OF
RES JUDICATA.
{¶5} In his second assignment of error, Mr. Burden argues that the trial court
incorrectly determined that res judicata barred his argument that it incorrectly found that he is a
sexual predator. He argues that, because the court’s entry is void, res judicata does not apply.
{¶6} In State v. Fischer, 128 Ohio St. 3d 92, 2010-Ohio-6238, the Ohio Supreme Court
held that the doctrine of res judicata does not preclude the review of a void sentence. Id. at
paragraph three of the syllabus. Mr. Burden has not pointed to any precedent, however, that has
held that an order that incorrectly adjudicates a defendant a sexual predator is void. See State v.
Holdcroft, 137 Ohio St. 3d 526, 2013-Ohio-5014, ¶ 8 (“The Fischer rule does not apply to most
sentencing challenges.”). Rather, we agree with the trial court that, because Mr. Burden could
have challenged the trial court’s sexual-predator finding on direct appeal, his argument is barred
under the doctrine of res judicata. State v. Perry, 10 Ohio St. 2d 175 (1967), paragraph nine of
the syllabus (“[A] final judgment of conviction bars a convicted defendant * * * from raising and
litigating in any proceeding except an appeal from that judgment, any defense or any claimed
lack of due process that was raised or could have been raised by the defendant * * * on an appeal
from that judgment.”). Mr. Burden’s second assignment of error is overruled.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR III
THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED PREJUDICE ERROR/PLAIN ERROR
WERE (SIC) THE COURT HAD NO SUBJECT MATTER JURISDICTION TO
CLASSIFY THE DEFENDANT AS A SEXUAL PREDATOR PURSUANT TO
R.C. 2950.09-2950.11 VIOLATION OF THE DEFENDANT[’S] UNITED
STATES CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT AMENDMENT 14.
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{¶7} In his third assignment of error, Mr. Burden argues that the trial court did not
have subject-matter jurisdiction to classify him as a sexual predator. “Subject-matter jurisdiction
refers to the statutory or constitutional authority to adjudicate a case.” Groveport Madison Local
Sch. Bd. of Educ. v. Franklin Cty. Bd. of Revision, 137 Ohio St. 3d 266, 2013-Ohio-4627, ¶ 25.
In this case, the trial court acted in accordance with former Section 2950.09(C). That section
provided:
If a person * * * pleaded guilty to a sexually oriented offense prior to the effective
date of this section, if the person was not sentenced for the offense on or after the
effective date of this section, and if, on or after the effective date of this section,
the offender is serving a term of imprisonment in a state correctional institution,
prior to the offender’s release from the term of imprisonment, the department of
rehabilitation and correction shall determine whether to recommend that the
offender be adjudicated as being a sexual predator. * * * If the department
determines that it will recommend that the offender be adjudicated as being a
sexual predator, it immediately shall send the recommendation to the court that
sentenced the offender * * * and the court shall proceed in accordance with
division (C)(2) of this section
****
If the court determines by clear and convincing evidence that the offender is a
sexual predator, it shall enter its determination in the offender’s institutional
record, shall attach the determination to the offender’s sentence, shall specify that
the determination was pursuant to division (C) of this section, and shall provide a
copy of the determination to the offender, to the prosecuting attorney, and to the
department of rehabilitation and correction. The offender and the prosecutor may
appeal as a matter of right the judge’s determination under this division as to
whether the offender is, or is not, a sexual predator.
Upon review of former Section 2950.09(C), we conclude that it specifically gave the trial court
authority to determine whether Mr. Burden is a sexual predator. Accordingly, the court did not
lack subject-matter jurisdiction to make its finding.
{¶8} Mr. Burden also argues that the trial court violated the constitutional prohibitions
on ex post facto laws when it imposed additional reporting and registration requirements on him
years after it sentenced him for his crimes. In State v. Cook, 83 Ohio St. 3d 404 (1998), however,
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the Ohio Supreme Court held that “the registration and notification provisions of R.C. Chapter
2950 do not violate the Ex Post Facto Clause because its provisions serve the remedial purpose
of protecting the public.” Id. at 423. We, therefore, reject Mr. Burden’s argument. State v.
Tester, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 00CA007569, 2000 WL 1636022, *1 (Nov. 1, 2000) (citing Cook in
summarily overruling Mr. Tester’s argument that the trial court violated the prohibition against
retroactive and ex post facto laws when it declared him a sexual predator). Mr. Burden’s third
assignment of error is overruled.
III.
{¶9} The trial court did not err when it denied Mr. Burden’s motion to dismiss a void
sentence and/or judgment order. The judgment of the Summit County Court of Common Pleas is
affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common
Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy
of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of
judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the
period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is
instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the
mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
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Costs taxed to Appellant.
JENNIFER HENSAL
FOR THE COURT
MOORE, J.
CONCURS.
BELFANCE, P. J.
CONCURS IN JUDGMENT ONLY.
APPEARANCES:
STANLEY S. BURDEN, pro se, Appellant.
SHERRI BEVAN WALSH, Prosecuting Attorney, and RICHARD S. KASAY, Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.