Scalise v. Cushman ( 2014 )

[Cite as Scalise v. Cushman, 2014-Ohio-4781.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
)ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF SUMMIT )
KRISTEN M. SCALISE, as SCFO C.A. No. 27216
Plaintiff
v. APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
ENTERED IN THE
LOUIS J. CUSHMAN, et al. COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO
Appellees CASE No. CV-2011-05-2928
and
STOTTER REALTY, LLC
Appellant
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: October 29, 2014
WHITMORE, Judge.
{¶1} Appellant, Stotter Realty, LLC, appeals from the judgment of the Summit County
Court of Common Pleas granting summary judgment in favor of Daniel and Louis Cushman
(“the Cushmans”). This Court affirms.
I
{¶2} In May 2011, the Summit County Fiscal Officer filed a complaint against the
Cushmans seeking to foreclose on their Northfield, Ohio property based on delinquent property
taxes. The complaint named a total of 10 defendants as having an interest in the property. Only
three of the defendants, the Cushmans and Stotter Realty, are relevant to this appeal.
2
{¶3} Stotter Realty filed an answer to the foreclosure complaint and a cross-claim,
asserting that it had a valid judgment lien against Louis Cushman for $10,799.24, plus 10 percent
interest per annum from January 1, 2002, and costs, and that its lien was superior to all of the
other defendants except for the tax liens. Stotter Realty requested that “the premises be order
appraised, advertised, sold, and the proceeds disbursed according to law.” Subsequently, Stotter
Realty filed a motion for summary judgment.
{¶4} After bankruptcy delays for both of the Cushmans, the Cushmans filed a
memorandum in opposition to Stotter Realty’s motion for summary judgment and a motion for
partial summary judgment. In their memoranda, the Cushmans argued that the homestead
exemption amount exceeded the value of the property, and therefore, Stotter Realty could not
foreclose on their property to satisfy its judgment lien. Stotter Realty filed a reply, arguing that
the homestead exemption amount is determined at the time the lien was attached to the property,
not at the time of the forced sale, therefore, the homestead exemption amount did not exceed the
value of the property and it could foreclose.1
{¶5} In December 2013, the trial court found that the Cushmans were entitled to the
homestead exemption amount in effect at the time of the forced sale, not the amount at the time
the judgment lien was recorded. Because the exemption amount exceeded the value of the
property, the court granted the Cushmans’ motion for summary judgment. Stotter Realty now
appeals and raises one assignment of error for our review.
1
During these various filings, the Fiscal Officer voluntarily dismissed its complaint for
foreclosure because the delinquent taxes had since been paid.
3
II
Assignment of Error
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FINDING THE 2013 INCREASE IN THE
HOMESTEAD EXEMPTION APPLIED TO A LIEN OBTAINED IN 2002 AND
FILED TO BE FORECLOSED ON IN 2011.
{¶6} In its sole assignment of error, Stotter Realty argues that the trial court erred in
applying the 2013 homestead exemption amount instead of the exemption amount in effect when
its lien was filed. Stotter Realty does not challenge the applicability of the homestead exemption
to the Cushmans; instead, it focuses its argument on what exemption amount applies. We,
therefore, limit our review accordingly.
{¶7} Pursuant to Civ.R. 56(C), summary judgment is proper if:
(1) No genuine issue as to any material fact remains to be litigated; (2) the
moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law; and (3) it appears from
the evidence that reasonable minds can come to but one conclusion, and viewing
such evidence most strongly in favor of the party against whom the motion for
summary judgment is made, that conclusion is adverse to that party.
Temple v. Wean United, Inc., 50 Ohio St.2d 317, 327 (1977). This Court reviews a trial court’s
decision to grant a motion for summary judgment de novo. Grafton v. Ohio Edison Co., 77 Ohio
St.3d 102, 105 (1996).
{¶8} R.C. 2329.66(A) provides that “[e]very person who is domiciled in this state may
hold [certain] property exempt from execution, garnishment, attachment, or sale to satisfy a
judgment or order.” One of the listed exemptions is a person’s interest “in one parcel or item of
real or personal property that the person or a dependent of the person uses as a residence.” R.C.
2329.66(A)(1)(b). This is commonly known as the homestead exemption. The amount of the
homestead exemption has changed over the years and, beginning in 2010, is adjusted every three
4
years for inflation. See R.C. 2329.66(B). In 2002, the homestead exemption amount was
$5,000. As of April 1, 2013, the current homestead exemption amount is $132,900.
{¶9} In 2002, Stotter Realty filed a certificate of a judgment lien against Louis
Cushman for $10,799.24, plus 10 percent per annum with the Summit County Clerk of Courts. It
refiled its lien in 2007. Stotter Realty argues that the exemption amount in effect in 2002, when
the lien was filed, is the homestead exemption amount Louis Cushman is entitled to claim. The
Eleventh District, in First Natl. Bank of Pennsylvania v. Jones, 11th Dist. Trumbull No. 2013-T-
0083, 2014-Ohio-746, addressed an identical argument and concluded that a logical reading of
the statute entitled the debtor to the homestead exemption amount in effect at the time of the
involuntary sale, not the amount in effect on the date of the judgment or lien. Id. at ¶ 19.
{¶10} The Jones court concluded that the exemption amount to which the debtor is
entitled should be determined as of the date the debtor’s interest in the exemption arises because
the exemption amount is directly tied to the debtor’s interest. Id. at ¶ 19. A debtor’s interest is
determined “[i]n all cases other than bankruptcy proceedings, as of the date of appraisal, if
necessary under section 2329.68 of the Revised Code, or the issuance of a writ of execution.”2
R.C. 2329.66(D)(2). The Eleventh District reasoned that this conclusion is a logical reading of
the statute and is “consistent with case law relating to the time for the assertion of a debtor’s
exemption claim.” Id. at ¶ 19-20, quoting Adkins v. Massie, 4th Dist. Lawrence No. 99CA18,
2001 WL 803031, *3 (Mar. 12, 2001) (“A homestead exemption is not effective until there is an
involuntary execution that subjects the property to judicial sale.”).
2
Here, as in Jones, there is no indication that an appraisal pursuant to R.C. 2329.68 was
involved. See id. at ¶ 18.
5
{¶11} Stotter Realty argues that the Eleventh District erred in failing to distinguish
between a debtor’s right to exercise the exemption, which occurs at the time of the involuntary
sale, from what exemption amount the debtor is entitled to claim, which is fixed when the lien is
filed. We disagree.
{¶12} “[T]he longstanding purpose of Ohio’s exemption statute is to protect from
creditors’ legal process those debtors with minimal assets.” Daugherty v. Central Trust Co. of
Northeastern Ohio, N.A., 28 Ohio St.3d 441, 447 (1986). Accord Dennis v. Smith, 125 Ohio St.
120, 125 (1932) (“[T]he purpose of the exemption laws is to protect the family against
destitution.”). Because the exemption statutes are intended to protect the family, courts have
consistently applied a liberal construction in favor of the debtor. See Cowen v. Wassman, 64
Ohio App. 84, 88 (7th Dist.1939). See also Jones, 2014-Ohio-746, at ¶ 14, citing Adkins, 2001
WL 803031, at *2.
{¶13} We agree with the Eleventh District that “a logical reading of the statute leads to
the conclusion that the amount of the exemption should be determined as of the date [the
debtor’s] interest in the exemption arises, since the amount of the exemption is directly tied to
the determination of the debtor’s interest.” Jones at ¶ 19. Based on a plain reading of the statute,
a debtor’s exempt interest, in cases other than bankruptcy, is determined at the date of appraisal
or the issuance of a writ of execution. R.C. 2329.66(D)(2). The specific amount of exemption is
set in the statute and adjusted periodically for inflation. See R.C. 2329.66(B). At the time a
judgment lien is filed, there is no determination of the amount of exemption to which the debtor
is entitled; this amount is not set until the debtor’s claim of exemption arises.
{¶14} Moreover, to fix the exemption amount at the time of the lien, and not at the time
of the involuntary sale, would be inconsistent with the purpose of the exemption statute. The
6
purpose of the exemption statute is to protect debtors with minimal assets. See Daugherty at
447. The General Assembly has determined that the definition of “minimal” should be adjusted
for inflation. See R.C. 2329.66(B). Using the current exemption amount at the time the lien
holder is seeking to force an involuntary sale is consistent with protecting the debtor’s minimal
assets.
{¶15} Stotter Realty further argues that the court erred in “belittl[ing] the uncodified
section of the statute.” Specifically, Stotter Realty cites to Section 3 of 2012 H.B. 479. Section
3, in relevant part, states: “The amendments made by this act to sections 2329.66 and 2329.661
of the Revised Code shall apply to claims accruing on or after the effective date of this act. * * *
This act is not intended to impair any secured or unsecured creditors’ claims that accrue prior to
the effective date of this act.” Stotter Realty contends that reading the statute to allow the
Cushmans to use the current exemption amount, instead of the amount in effect at the time the
lien was filed, “effectively destroy[s] [Stotter Realty’s] ability to collect.”
{¶16} As the Jones court noted, it is unclear what the legislature meant in Section 3 by
“claims accruing.” Jones at ¶ 21. While Stotter Realty argues that the claims referred to are
creditor’s claims, it is entirely possible that Section 3 refers to the debtor’s claim of exemption.
Id. In light of its ambiguity, we decline to interpret this uncodified language as intent by the
General Assembly to apply the increases to the exemption amount only to judgment liens
obtained after the amendment.
{¶17} As to the statement in Section 3 that the amendments are not intended to impair
creditors’ claims, we conclude that Stotter Realty’s lien is not impaired by the increase in the
homestead exemption. Black’s Law Dictionary defines “impair” as “[t]o diminish the value of
(property or property right).” Black’s 767 (8th Ed.2004). Stotter Realty’s judgment lien is still
7
valid and continues to accrue interest. Using the current exemption amount only prevents Stotter
Realty from foreclosing on the Cushmans’ personal residence to force payment on the lien.
{¶18} A debtor’s homestead exemption amount is set at the time the debtor’s interest is
determined. In cases other than bankruptcy, this is the date of an appraisal, if necessary under
R.C. 2329.68, or the issuance of a writ of execution. Because the trial court did not err in
applying the 2013 homestead exemption amount, Stotter Realty’s assignment of error is
overruled.
III
{¶19} Stotter Realty’s sole assignment of error is overruled. The judgment of the
Summit County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common
Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy
of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of
judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the
period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is
instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the
mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
8
Costs taxed to Appellant.
BETH WHITMORE
FOR THE COURT
BELFANCE, P. J.
CARR, J.
CONCUR.
APPEARANCES:
JEFFREY P. POSNER, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.
JAMES R. RUSSELL, JR., Attorney at Law, for Appellees.
JAMES A. ZAFFIRO, Attorney at Law, for Appellee.
DAVID M. LENEGHAN, Attorney at Law, for Appellee.
DAVID RUIZ, Attorney at Law, for Appellee.
GRETCHEN WESTON, Attorney at Law, for Appellee.
REGINA M. VANVOROUS, Attorney at Law, for Plaintiff.