In Re: Proposed Charter Petition , 2018 Ohio 3269 ( 2018 )

[Cite as In Re: Proposed Charter Petition, 2018-Ohio-3269.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
ATHENS COUNTY
IN RE: PROPOSED CHARTER : Case No. 17CA22
PETITION :
: DECISION AND JUDGMENT
: ENTRY
: Released: 08/08/18
APPEARANCES:
Terry J. Lodge, Toledo, Ohio, and Patrick C. McGee, Athens, Ohio, for
Appellants.
Keller J. Blackburn, Athens County Prosecuting Attorney, and Zachary L.
Saunders, Athens County Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, Athens, Ohio, for
Appellee.
L. Bradfield Hughes, Porter Wright Morris & Arthur LLP, Columbus, Ohio, for
Amici Curiae Affiliated Construction Trades Ohio Foundation, The Ohio Chamber
of Commerce, the National Association of Royalty Owners, and the American
Petroleum Institute.
Lisa Babish Forbes and Natalia M. Cabrera, Vorys, Sater, Seymour and Pease
LLP, Cleveland, Ohio, for Amici Curiae Ohio Oil and Gas Association.
Per Curiam.
{¶1} Saraquoia Bryant, Margaret Hummon, John Howell, Richard McGinn,
and Sally Jo Wiley formed a committee to sponsor a “Petition for the County
Charter Government Proposal” which was the subject of court action in the Athens
County Court of Common Pleas. “The Committee” submitted their petition for a
proposed county charter to the Athens County Board of Elections (“BOE”) for
Athens App. No. 17CA22 2
certification but the BOE denied certification. The Committee appealed the denial
to the common pleas court. On July 19, 2017 and July 25, 2017, the trial court
entered judgment which affirmed the BOE’s denial, and it is from these entries the
Committee appeals. The Committee raises four assignments of error for our
review. However, having reviewed the record, we find we do not have jurisdiction
to review the matter due to lack of a final appealable order. Accordingly, we must
dismiss this appeal.
FACTS
{¶2} The aforementioned Committee wrote and sponsored a proposed
county charter form of government for Athens County, Ohio. In spring 2017, the
Committee circulated an initiative petition seeking to convert the Athens County
government to the proposed charter form. The proposed charter contains, among a
variety of provisions, a community bill of rights to create local control over
environmentally harmful projects and processes.
{¶3} On or about June 28, 2017, the Committee filed the proposed county
charter petition with the Athens County BOE. On or about July 10, 2017, the BOE
determined that the proposed county charter petition contained sufficient valid
signatures. However, the BOE also determined that the proposed county charter
petition was invalid because the proposed county charter failed to provide for an
Athens App. No. 17CA22 3
“elective county executive or an appointive county executive” as mandated under
Ohio R.C. 302.02.
{¶4} Pursuant to Ohio R.C. 307.94, the Committee requested a hearing in
the Athens County Common Pleas Court to establish the validity or invalidity of
the county charter petition. On July 17, 2017, the trial court heard arguments from
the Committee and the BOE. On or about July 19, 2017, the trial court issued a
decision finding: (1) there was an insufficient number of elector signatures which
disqualified the petition; and, (2) the BOE correctly concluded that the charter
proposal failed to provide for an elective county executive or an appointive county
executive. On July 25, 2017, the trial court reversed its prior ruling regarding the
insufficient number of elector signatures. The trial court’s decision dated July 25,
2017 ordered that the July 19, 2017 decision and judgment entry be amended nunc
pro tunc to reflect that the Committee fully complied with the signature
requirements of Ohio R.C. 307.94. However, the trial court’s nunc pro tunc order
also stated that the July 19, 2017 decision and judgment entry was to remain in full
force and effect.
{¶5} This timely appeal followed. The Committee requests that the BOE
and trial court rulings be reversed. The Committee further requests an order that
the Athens County charter proposal be placed on the next appropriate election
ballot.
Athens App. No. 17CA22 4
{¶6} The Affiliated Construction Trades Ohio Foundation, the Ohio
Chamber of Commerce, the National Association of Royalty Owners, and the
American Petroleum Institute, along with the Ohio Oil and Gas Association, have
filed amicus briefs in support of the BOE. These amici share various concerns
about the proposed petition. For example, the petition provides in Section 1.5 that
the people have the right to “modify the rights, powers, privileges, immunities, or
duties of corporations that act within the County when those corporate rights,
powers, privileges, immunities, or other duties conflict with the rights of people or
nature.” These amici respectfully submit that the BOE decision was properly
upheld by the trial court and that it should be upheld by this court as well.
ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
“I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY REFUSING TO HOLD THAT
OHIO CONST.ART.X, SEC. 3 PROVIDES A SEPARATE AND
INDEPENDENT MEANS OF CREATING A COUNTY CHARTER
FORM OF COUNTY GOVERNMENT
II. THE BOE AND TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FAILING TO
RECOGNIZE THE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT OF LOCAL
COMMUNITY SELF-GOVERNMENT, WHICH PREVENTS
BOARDS OF ELECTIONS AND THE COURTS FROM
DISQUALIFYING A PROPOSED CHARTER UNTIL THE
PEOPLE HAVE VOTED UPON THEM.
III. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN UPHOLDING PRE-
ELECTION SUBSTANTIVE REVIEW AND VETO POWERS
USED BY THE BOE, UNCONSTITUTIONALLY INFRINGE ON
THE PEOPLE’S INHERENT RIGHT TO LEGISLATE AND TO
HAVE MEANINGFUL REDRESS IN THE COURTS.
Athens App. No. 17CA22 5
IV. HB 463 IS UNCONSTITUIONAL BECAUSE IT VIOLATES
THE ‘ONE-SUBJECT’ RULE OF ARTICLE II, SEC 15(D) OF THE
OHIO CONSTITUTION.”
LEGAL ANALYSIS
{¶7} The Committee has filed notice of appeal from the decision and
judgment entry dated July 19, 2017 and the judgment entry nunc pro tunc granting
the motion for relief from judgment filed on July 25, 2017. This is problematic.
We do not have jurisdiction over this appeal if the trial court's judgment entry does
not constitute a final appealable order.
{¶8} “Ohio law provides that appellate courts have jurisdiction to review the
final orders or judgments of inferior courts in their district.” Saunders v. Grim, 4th
Dist. Vinton No. 08CA668, 08CA669, ¶ 5, quoting Caplinger v. Raines, 4th Dist.
Ross No. 02CA2683, 2003-Ohio-2586, at ¶ 2, citing Section 3(B)(2), Article IV,
Ohio Constitution; R.C. 2505.02. If an order is not final and appealable, then we
have no jurisdiction to review the matter. “In the event that this jurisdictional issue
is not raised by the parties involved with the appeal, then the appellate court must
raise it sua sponte.” Id., citing Chef Italiano Corp. v. Kent State Univ., 44 Ohio
St.3d 86, (1989), syllabus1; Whitaker-Merrell v. Geupel Co., 29 Ohio St. 2d 184,
186 (1972).
1
In Chef Italiano, the Supreme Court of Ohio held that a summary judgment decision was not final because it had
resolved only two of four claims against a party. The resolved claims were for specific performance and to quiet
title. Id. at 86, 541 N.E.2d 64. The unresolved claims involved breach of contract and breach of fiduciary duty. Id.
Although the trial court order contained a Civ.R. 54(B) determination, the Supreme Court of Ohio concluded that
Athens App. No. 17CA22 6
{¶9} In the Decision & Judgment Entry journalized July 19, 2017, the trial
court found as follows:
(1) “[T]he petition does not contain at least 10% of the required
amount of valid signatures necessary for the petition for a charter
form of government to be placed upon the ballot. R.C. 307.94.
Accordingly, the Court finds that the petition is invalid as it
contains an insufficient amount of validated signatures. Article X,
Section 3 of the Ohio Constitution; R.C. 307.94”; and,
(2) “The Board based its decision not to certify the petition on their
finding that the petition failed to provide for a valid ‘alternate form
of county government’ as the petition failed to provide for a
‘county executive.’ * * *[T]he Court finds that the Board’s
decision that the petition was invalid for failing to provide for the
appointment or election of a county executive is reasonable. R.C.
302.02; State ex rel. Walker v. Husted, (2015), 144 Ohio St. 3d
361, R.C. Section 3501.11(K)(2); R.C. Section 3501.38
(M)(1)(b).”
{¶10} The July 19th entry also disposed of the matter as follows:
“THEREFORE, it is ORDERED that the determination of the Athens
County Board of Elections that the petition is invalid is affirmed.
* * * For the reasons stated above, Petitioner’s proposed Charter
Petition is not certified to the Athens County Board of Commissioners
(sic) for placement on the ballot.”
{¶11} In the Judgment Entry Nunc Pro Tunc Granting Motion for Relief
From Judgment entered July 25, 2017, the trial court made this pertinent finding:
the order was not a final order for purposes of Civ.R. 54(B) because it did not prevent the plaintiff from obtaining
judgment against the defendants who had received partial summary judgment. Id. at 87–89, 541 N.E.2d 64. As a
response to Chef Italiano, Civ.R. 54(B) was amended, effective July 1, 1992. See LaMusga v. Summit Square
Rehab, L.L.C., 2nd Dist. Montgomery No. 26641, 2015-Ohio-5305, 43 N.E.3d 504, ¶¶ 26 and 27. The Supreme
Court of Ohio subsequently discussed the 1992 amendments in State ex rel. Wright v. Ohio Adult Parole Auth., 75
Ohio St. 3d 82, 661 N.E.2d 728 (1996). In Wright, the court noted that: “Civ.R. 54(B) was amended, effective July 1,
1992, to expressly state that it does apply to multiple claims that arise out of the same transaction, as well as separate
transactions * * *.” Id. at 86, 661 N.E.2d 728.
Athens App. No. 17CA22 7
(1) “The Court notes that the Athens County Board of Elections, by
counsel, agrees that sufficient elector signatures were submitted to
comply with the requirement that an amount of signatures equal to
10% of the number of votes for Governor in the 2014 general
election be gathered in support of the Petition.”
{¶12} Neither the July 19th nor the July 25th entries state that they are final
appealable orders or even just that they are final orders. However, the July 19th
entry in effect terminates the action by finding that the BOE’s decision was
reasonable and by ordering that the proposed charter was not certified for
placement on the ballot. Given those findings, the July 19th entry in effect
forecloses the matter and therefore we find it to be a final order.
{¶13} Turning to the July 25th entry, we note that it was entered upon
consideration of the Committee’s Civ.R. 60(B)(1) motion for partial relief from
judgment, based upon mistake. In the motion, the Committee pointed out that the
trial court’s determination regarding the signature issue was erroneously found.
The court noted in its July 25th entry that upon further consideration and inquiry,
the motion was found to be well taken and emphasized that the BOE, through its
counsel, agreed that the number of elector signatures was sufficient to comply with
the statutory requirement. As a preliminary matter, we point out that making a
substantive correction to an entry is not the proper use of the nunc pro tunc
language.
Athens App. No. 17CA22 8
{¶14} It is well-settled that courts possess the inherent authority to correct
errors in judgment entries at any time so that the record speaks the truth. State v.
Gavin, 18. State v. McCord, 12th Dist. Clermont No. 2013–12–096, 2014–Ohio–
3187, ¶ 8; State v. Lester, 130 Ohio St. 3d 303, 2011–Ohio–5204, 958 N.E.2d 142,
¶ 18; Crim.R. 36. Thus, a trial court may enter a nunc pro tunc entry where the
original judgment entry contains “a clerical error, mistake, or omission that is
mechanical in nature and apparent on the record and does not involve a legal
decision or judgment.” Lester at ¶ 18. In the civil realm, we have previously
explained that Civ. R. 60(A) permits a trial court to modify a judgment if it
contains a clerical error, but not a substantive error. Shaver v. Shaver, 4th Dist.
Gallia No. 05CA5, 2005-Ohio-6642, ¶13; State ex rel. Litty v. Leskovyansky, 77
Ohio St. 3d 97, 100, 1996-Ohio-34, 671 N.E.2d 236 (superseded on other grounds);
Londrico v. Delores C. Knowlton, Inc., 88 Ohio App. 3d 282, 285, 623 N.E.2d 723
(9th Dist. 1993); Kuehn v. Kuehn, 55 Ohio App. 3d 245, 247, 564 N.E.2d 97 (12th
Dist. 1988).2
“The basic distinction between clerical mistakes that can be corrected
under Civ.R. 60(A) and substantive mistakes that cannot be corrected
is that the former consists of ‘blunders in execution’ whereas the latter
consists of instances where the court changes its mind, either because
it made a legal or factual mistake in making its original determination,
or because, on second thought, it has decided to exercise its discretion
in a different manner.” Shaver, supra, quoting Kuehn at 247, citing
2
Kuehn was superseded by statute on other grounds as stated in Peck v. Peck, Ohio App. 12 Dist., September 6,
1994 96 Ohio App. 3d 371, 645 N.E.2d 1300 (12th Dist. 1994).
Athens App. No. 17CA22 9
Blanton v. Anzalone (C.A.9, 1987), 813 F.2d 1574, 1577. Thus, a
clerical mistake within the purview of Civ.R. 60(A) must be ‘a
mistake or omission, mechanical in nature and apparent on the record,
which does not involve a legal decision or judgment.’ State ex rel.
Litty, at 100.”
{¶15} As is obvious, the July 25, 2017 nunc pro tunc entry modified a
substantive portion of the July 19, 2017 legal decision because the trial court
recognized a factual mistake it its initial determination regarding the signatures.
The trial court did not simply correct a clerical error or omission. On July 19th,
the trial court found the petition did not have sufficient signatures. However, on
July 25th, after further consideration of the Committee’s motion for relief from
judgment, the trial court concluded the petition did in fact have the sufficient
number of signatures. Use of the nunc pro tunc language in the second entry was
not proper. Moreover, upon review, it appears the July 25th entry is not a final
appealable order.
{¶16} “[T]he primary function of a final order or judgment is the termination
of a case or controversy that the parties have submitted to the trial court for
resolution.” Downard v. Gilliland, 4th Dist. Gallia No. 10CA2, 2011-Ohio-1783,
¶10, quoting Harkai v. Scherba Industries, Inc., 136 Ohio App. 3d 211, 215, 736
N.E.2d 101 (9th Dist. 2000); Burns v. Morgan, 165 Ohio App. 3d 694, 2006–Ohio–
1213, 847 N.E.2d 1288, (4th Dist.) ¶ 8. “One fundamental principle in the
interpretation of judgments is that, to terminate the matter, the order must contain a
Athens App. No. 17CA22 10
statement of the relief that is being afforded the parties.” Harkai at 215, 736
N.E.2d 101; Burns at ¶ 8; see also White v. White, 4th Dist. Gallia No. 01CA12,
2002-Ohio-6304, at ¶ 15; Yahraus v. Circleville, 4th Dist. Pickaway No. 00CA04,
2000-Ohio-2019, *2. Thus, a purported judgment that does not specify the relief
granted does not terminate the action and does not constitute a final appealable
order. See Harkai, 136 Ohio App. 3d at 221, 736 N.E.2d 101; Wellborn v. K–Beck
Furn. Mart, Inc., 54 Ohio App. 2d 65, 66, 375 N.E.2d 61 (10th Dist. 1977); King v.
Kelly, 4th Dist. Lawrence No. 01CA33, 2002-Ohio-4647, at ¶ 12.
{¶17} A trial court, however, need not issue an “encyclopedic” judgment
entry, but the judgment entry must contain clear language to provide basic notice
of rights, duties, and obligations. Downard, supra, at ¶11; Lavelle v. Cox, 11th
Dist. Trumbull No. 90–T–4396, 1991 WL, 35642 (Ford, J., concurring). A
judgment entry must be worded in such a way that the parties do not need to refer
to any other document to determine how the judgment affects their rights. As the
Harkai court explained:
“ ‘[T]he content of the judgment must be definite enough to be
susceptible to further enforcement and provide sufficient information
to enable the parties to understand the outcome of the case. If the
judgment fails to speak to an area which was disputed, uses
ambiguous or confusing language, or is otherwise indefinite, the
parties and subsequent courts will be unable to determine how the
parties' rights and obligations were fixed by the trial court.’ Id. at 216,
736 N.E.2d 101, quoting Walker v. Walker, 9th Dist. Summit No.
12978, 1987 WL 15591.”
Athens App. No. 17CA22 11
{¶18} In the present matter, while the language of the July 25th nunc pro
tunc entry clearly references its finding of a mistake with regard to the trial court’s
conclusion regarding the signatures, the trial court made no explicit finding as to
the major dispute between the parties regarding compliance with R.C. 302.02. In
the July 25th nunc pro tunc entry, the trial court disposed of the case as follows:
“IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED, ADJUDGED AND DECREED
that the July 19, 2017 Decision and Judgment Entry in this matter
shall be, and hereby is, amended nunc pro tunc. * * * IT IS
FURTHER ORDERED THAT, except as modified by this Judgment
Entry, the July 19, 2017 Decision and Judgment Entry shall otherwise
remain in full force and effect.”
{¶19} This vague language requires reference to the prior July 19th entry to
determine what exactly is still “in full force and effect.” While reviewing the
parties’ briefs and the record in preparation of this opinion, we are fully aware of
the implication of the trial court’s decisions and the entries read together.
However, as discussed in Burns, supra, at ¶ 10, one must resort to review of the
prior entry to see that the trial court did not change its determination as to the
application of R.C. 302.02 in this matter. See also McCoy v. Sullivan, 4th Dist.
Scioto No. 16CA3739, 2016-Ohio-3054, at ¶ 5; Deutsche Bank Natl. Co. v.
Caldwell, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 100594, 2014-Ohio-2982, at ¶ 19; NovaStar
Mtg., Inc. v. Akin, 11th Dist. Trumbull Nos. 2007-T-0111 and 2007-T-0117, at
Athens App. No. 17CA22 12
¶ 47. And, the July 25th entry does not explicitly state the relief granted the
parties. See Burns, supra, at ¶ 8; Downard, supra, at ¶ 10; NovaStar, supra at ¶ 47;
and Bibbee v. Bibbee, 4th Dist. Athens No.15CA38, 2016-Ohio-5188, at ¶ 23.
{¶20} Based on the foregoing, we find the July 25th entry of the trial court is
not a final appealable order and as such, we have no jurisdiction to consider this
appeal. Accordingly, we dismiss the appeal.
APPEAL DISMISSED.
Athens App. No. 17CA22 13
JUDGMENT ENTRY
It is ordered that the APPEAL BE DISMISSED. Costs assessed to
Appellants.
The Court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this Court directing the
Athens County Common Pleas Court to carry this judgment into execution.
Any stay previously granted by this Court is hereby terminated as of the date
of this entry.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule
27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
Hoover, P.J., Abele, J., & McFarland, J.: Concur in Judgment and Opinion.
For the Court,
BY: ______________________________
Marie Hoover, Presiding Judge
BY: ______________________________
Peter B. Abele, Judge
BY: ______________________________
Matthew W. McFarland, Judge
NOTICE TO COUNSEL
Pursuant to Local Rule No. 14, this document constitutes a final judgment entry and
the time period for further appeal commences from the date of filing with the clerk.
Athens App. No. 17CA22 14