State v. Ammons , 2019 Ohio 286 ( 2019 )

[Cite as State v. Ammons, 2019-Ohio-286.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
)ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF SUMMIT )
STATE OF OHIO C.A. No. 28675
Appellee
v. APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
ENTERED IN THE
JONELL AMMONS COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO
Appellant CASE No. CR-2017-02-0594
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: January 30, 2019
SCHAFER, Presiding Judge.
{¶1} Defendant-Appellant, Jonnell Ammons, appeals the judgment of the Summit
County Court of Common Pleas denying his motion to dismiss the indictment on double
jeopardy grounds. We affirm.
I.
{¶2} On February 23, 2017, the Summit County Grand Jury indicted Ammons on the
following charges: (I) trafficking in heroin in violation of R.C. 2925.03(A)(1), a felony of the
fifth degree; and (II) aggravated trafficking in drugs (Carfentanyl) in violation of R.C.
2925.03(A)(1), a felony of the fourth degree.
{¶3} On April 16, 2017, Ammons filed a motion to dismiss the indictment alleging (1)
that the State violated his rights to a speedy trial; (2) that the State breached their plea agreement
by filing subsequent charges from the same transaction; and (3) that the State had placed him in
double jeopardy by successively prosecuting him for the same offense after a conviction. At the
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subsequent hearing, Ammons sought to supplement his motion by further arguing that the
principles of collateral estoppel embodied in the double jeopardy clause prevented the State from
attempting to successively prosecute him when the State had the means and opportunity to
address all issues with a single prosecution.
{¶4} Following a hearing, the trial court overruled Ammons’ motion to dismiss “[a]fter
a review of the case law and arguments of counsel[.]”
{¶5} Ammons filed a timely appeal of the trial court’s denial of his motion to dismiss.
The State thereafter filed a motion to limit the interlocutory appeal to the denial of Ammons’
motion to dismiss as it related to the issue of double jeopardy. This Court granted the motion.
Ammons presents one assignment of error for our review.
II.
Assignment of Error
The trial court committed reversible error when it refused to dismiss this
case due to the fact that it violated Mr. Ammons’ rights in regards to double
jeopardy.
{¶6} In his sole assignment of error, Ammons contends that the trial court erred when
it denied his motion to dismiss on the basis of double jeopardy. For the reasons outlined below,
we reject his argument.
{¶7} As stated above, we are limited to review of the trial court’s denial of Ammon’s
motion on the basis of double jeopardy. State v. Anderson, 138 Ohio St.3d 264, 2014-Ohio-542,
¶ 61 (“[A]n order denying a motion to dismiss on double-jeopardy grounds is a final, appealable
order.”) “Appellate courts review de novo the denial of a motion to dismiss an indictment on the
grounds of double jeopardy, because it is a pure question of law.” State v. Mutter, 150 Ohio
St.3d 429, 2017-Ohio-2928, ¶ 13. “The Double Jeopardy Clauses of the Fifth Amendment to the
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United States Constitution and Article I, Section 10 of the Ohio Constitution protects criminal
defendants against multiple prosecutions for the same offense.” State v. Kareski, 137 Ohio St.3d
92, 2013-Ohio-4008, ¶ 14. “The Double Jeopardy Clauses protect against three abuses: (1) ‘a
second prosecution for the same offense after acquittal,’ (2) ‘a second prosecution for the same
offense after conviction,’ and (3) ‘multiple punishments for the same offense.’” Mutter at ¶ 15,
quoting North Carolina v. Pearce, 395 U.S. 711, 717 (1969).
{¶8} In his motion to dismiss, Ammons argued, inter alia, that he was being
successively prosecuted for the same offense after a conviction because the events underlying the
present matter occurred shortly before the events underlying his previous conviction. Ammons
stated in his motion that “[p]er the report of investigation, on Friday, July 15, 2016, detectives
used a confidential informant to purchase heroin from Ammons.” The motion further stated that
after detectives observed the sale, they followed him out of the area and conducted a traffic stop
at which time they discovered $315 in Ammons’ pockets, several phones, and one gram of
powder on the front passenger floor of Ammons’ vehicle. The powder was later determined to
be a mixture of heroin and fentanyl.
{¶9} According to Ammons’ motion, the Summit County Grand Jury indicted
Ammons on the following counts as a result of the traffic stop: (1) aggravated trafficking in
drugs, a felony of the third degree; (2) aggravated possession of drugs, a felony of the fifth
degree, (3) aggravated trafficking in drugs in violation), a felony of the fourth degree; and (4)
aggravated possession of drugs, a felony of the fifth degree. On January 30, 2017, pursuant to a
plea agreement, Ammons pled guilty to amended count one, aggravated trafficking in drugs, a
felony of the fourth degree, and count two, aggravated possession of drugs, a felony of the fifth
degree. The remaining counts were dismissed.
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{¶10} On February 23, 2017, the Summit County Grand Jury issued the indictment in
this case, charging Ammons with trafficking in heroin and aggravated trafficking in drugs
(Carfentanyl) relating to Ammons’ alleged sale of drugs to the confidential informant prior to the
traffic stop.
{¶11} In his motion to dismiss below, Ammons relied on the same elements test
articulated by the United States Supreme Court in Blockburger v. United States, 284 U.S. 299(1932), and followed by the Supreme Court of Ohio in State v. Best, 42 Ohio St.2d 530 (1975),
paragraph three of the syllabus, to argue that he was being charged twice for the same crime in
the same statute. Additionally, at the subsequent hearing, Ammons sought to supplement his
motion by further arguing that the principles of collateral estoppel embodied in the double
jeopardy clause prevented the State from attempting to successively prosecute him when the
State had the means and opportunity to address all issues with a single prosecution. In making
this argument, Ammons relied on State v. Lloyd, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos. 86501, 86502, 2006-
Ohio-1356, ¶ 28 (“The [S]tate should not be allowed multiple tries at convicting [a defendant]
when it had the means and opportunity to address all issues with a single prosecution.”).
{¶12} However, on appeal, Ammons does not reassert either of the arguments he
presented below and instead asserts that double jeopardy attached to the July 15, 2016 events
when he entered his guilty plea to the charges in the prior case. In so arguing, he relies on State
v. Carpenter, 68 Ohio St.3d 59 (1993), wherein the Supreme Court held “that the state cannot
indict a defendant for murder after the court has accepted a negotiated guilty plea to a lesser
offense and the victim later dies of the injuries sustained in the crime, unless the state expressly
reserves the right to file additional charges on the record at the time of the defendant’s plea.” Id.
at 62. The Supreme Court reasoned that
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[p]lea agreements are an essential and necessary part of the administration of
justice. Disposition of charges after plea discussions is not only an essential part
of the process but a highly desirable part for many reasons. This phase of the
process of criminal justice, and the adjudicative element inherent in accepting a
plea of guilty, must be attended by safeguards to insure the defendant what is
reasonably due in the circumstances.
(Internal quotations and citations omitted.) Id. at 61.
{¶13} Ammons’ reliance on Carpenter is problematic for two reasons. First, since the
argument he has presented on appeal is a different argument than he presented in the trial court,
he has failed to preserve this issue for review. Second, the Supreme Court of Ohio has expressly
recognized that “[t]he rule in Carpenter was based on contract-law principles, not the Double
Jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution applicable to the
states through the Fourteenth Amendment.” State v. Dye, 127 Ohio St.3d 357, 2010-Ohio-5728,
fn. 2. As the present appeal is limited to the denial of Ammons’ motion to dismiss as it related to
the issue of double jeopardy, his argument relating to his prior plea agreement is not yet ripe for
review.
{¶14} Therefore, Ammons’ assignment of error is overruled.
III.
{¶15} Ammons’ sole assignment of error is overruled. The judgment of the Summit
County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
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We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common
Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy
of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of
judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the
period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is
instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the
mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
Costs taxed to Appellant.
JULIE A. SCHAFER
FOR THE COURT
CARR, J.
HENSAL, J.
CONCUR.
APPEARANCES:
DENISE FERGUSON, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.
SHERRI BEVAN WALSH, Prosecuting Attorney, and RICHARD KASAY, Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.