State v. Liles , 2019 Ohio 3029 ( 2019 )

[Cite as State v. Liles, 2019-Ohio-3029.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT
ALLEN COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO,
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, CASE NO. 1-18-69
v.
JERRY R. LILES, OPINION
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
Appeal from Allen County Common Pleas Court
Trial Court No. CR2018 0304
Judgment Affirmed
Date of Decision: July 29, 2019
APPEARANCES:
Andrea M. Brown for Appellant
Jana E. Emerick for Appellee
Case No. 1-18-69
PRESTON, J.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant, Jerry R. Liles (“Liles”), appeals the December 11,
2018 judgment of sentence of the Allen County Court of Common Pleas. For the
reasons that follow, we affirm.
{¶2} On July 11, 2018, Liles’s vehicle was stopped by an officer of the Lima
Police Department after the officer observed Liles commit a marked-lanes violation
as he traveled along East Kibby Street in Lima, Ohio. (Doc. No. 2). Following
field-sobriety testing, Liles was arrested for operating a motor vehicle while under
the influence of alcohol or drugs (“OVI”). (Id.). After Liles was arrested, an
inventory search of his vehicle uncovered prescription pills located in the center
console. (Id.).
{¶3} On August 16, 2018, the Allen County Grand Jury indicted Liles on two
counts: Count One of operating a vehicle under the influence of alcohol, a drug of
abuse, or a combination of them in violation of R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(a), (G)(1)(d), a
fourth-degree felony, and Count Two of aggravated possession of drugs in violation
of R.C. 2925.11(A), (C)(1)(a), a fifth-degree felony. (Doc. No. 4). Count One of
the indictment included a specification for a mandatory additional prison term for
felony OVI violation under R.C. 2941.1413(A). (Id.). On August 27, 2018, Liles
appeared for arraignment and pleaded not guilty to the counts and specification of
the indictment. (Doc. No. 11).
-2-
Case No. 1-18-69
{¶4} A change of plea hearing was held on September 12, 2018. (Doc. No.
17); (Sept. 12, 2018 Tr. at 1). Pursuant to a negotiated plea agreement, Liles
withdrew his not guilty pleas and pleaded guilty to Counts One and Two. (Doc.
Nos. 16, 17); (Sept. 12, 2018 Tr. at 19-20). In exchange, the State agreed to
recommend dismissal of the specification to Count One. (Doc. Nos. 16, 17); (Sept.
12, 2018 Tr. at 1-4). The trial court accepted Liles’s guilty pleas, found him guilty,
and ordered a presentence investigation. (Doc. No. 17); (Sept. 12, 2018 Tr. at 20).
The trial court also dismissed the specification to Count One. (Doc. No. 17); (Sept.
12, 2018 Tr. at 20). A sentencing hearing was scheduled for October 22, 2018.
(Doc. No. 17).
{¶5} On September 18, 2018, Liles filed a motion to withdraw his guilty
pleas. (Doc. No. 20). In support of his motion, Liles maintained that “he does not
drink or use drugs and thus has a defense to the charge.” (Id.). On November 9,
2018, the State filed a memorandum in opposition to Liles’s motion to withdraw his
guilty pleas. (Doc. No. 25).
{¶6} A hearing on Liles’s motion to withdraw his guilty pleas was held on
November 16, 2018. (Doc. No. 27); (Nov. 16, 2018 Tr. at 1). On November 21,
2018, the trial court denied Liles’s motion. (Doc. No. 27).
{¶7} On December 11, 2018, the trial court sentenced Liles to two years of
community control on Count One and two years of community control on Count
-3-
Case No. 1-18-69
Two, to be served concurrently. (Doc. No. 31). The trial court also sentenced Liles
to 66 days in the Allen County Jail with credit for 66 days served. (Id.). Finally,
the trial court ordered Liles to participate in a drug and alcohol treatment program,
and it suspended Liles’s driver’s license for three years. (Id.).
{¶8} Liles filed a notice of appeal on December 18, 2018. (Doc. No. 32).
He raises one assignment of error.
Assignment of Error
The trial court erred in not allowing defendant-appellant to
withdraw his guilty plea pursuant to Crim.R. 32.1 when the trial
court failed to substantially comply with the requirements of
Crim.R. 11(C)(2).
{¶9} In his assignment of error, Liles argues that the trial court abused its
discretion by denying his presentence motion to withdraw his guilty pleas.
Specifically, Liles argues that “the trial court’s Crim.R. 11 colloquy * * * evidences
that his change of plea was not made knowingly and intelligently based upon the
trial court’s failure to inform [him] of all of the potential penalties he faced with
respect to the OVI charge.”1 (Appellant’s Brief at 5). He contends that if he had
been properly informed of all of the potential penalties, “he may have elected to not
enter into the plea deal and plead guilty.” (Id. at 10). Thus, he argues, the trial court
abused its discretion by refusing to allow him to withdraw his guilty pleas. (Id.).
1
Liles does not challenge the sufficiency of the Crim.R. 11 colloquy as it pertains to his plea to the charge
of aggravated possession of drugs. (See Appellant’s Brief at 5). However, he argues that because his “plea
to that charge was part of the negotiated plea deal, [his] plea as to both charges should be vacated.” (Id.).
-4-
Case No. 1-18-69
{¶10} Crim.R. 32.1 provides a defendant may file a presentence motion to
withdraw a guilty plea. Generally, “presentence motion[s] to withdraw * * * guilty
plea[s] should be freely and liberally granted.” State v. Xie, 62 Ohio St. 3d 521, 527
(1992). However, “[a] defendant does not have an absolute right to withdraw a
guilty plea prior to sentencing.” Id. at paragraph one of the syllabus. As a result, a
“trial court must conduct a hearing to determine whether there is a reasonable and
legitimate basis for the withdrawal of the plea.” Id.
{¶11} When reviewing a trial court’s denial of a presentence motion to
withdraw a guilty plea, this court considers several factors, including: (1) whether
the withdrawal will prejudice the prosecution; (2) the representation afforded to the
defendant by counsel; (3) the extent of the hearing held pursuant to Crim.R. 11; (4)
the extent of the hearing on the motion to withdraw the plea; (5) whether the trial
court gave full and fair consideration of the motion; (6) whether the timing of the
motion was reasonable; (7) the stated reasons for the motion; (8) whether the
defendant understood the nature of the charges and potential sentences; and (9)
whether the accused was perhaps not guilty or had a complete defense to the
charges. State v. Lane, 3d Dist. Allen No. 1-10-10, 2010-Ohio-4819, ¶ 21, citing
State v. Griffin, 141 Ohio App. 3d 551, 554 (7th Dist.2001). “None of the factors is
determinative on its own and there may be numerous additional aspects ‘weighed’
in each case.” State v. North, 3d Dist. Logan No. 8-14-18, 2015-Ohio-720, ¶ 16,
-5-
Case No. 1-18-69
citing Griffin at 554 and State v. Fish, 104 Ohio App. 3d 236, 240 (1st Dist.1995),
overruled on other grounds, State v. Sims, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-160856, 2017-
Ohio-8379. See State v. Zimmerman, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 09AP-866, 2010-
Ohio-4087, ¶ 13 (“Consideration of the factors is a balancing test, and no one factor
is conclusive.”), citing Fish at 240.
{¶12} Ultimately, “[t]he decision to grant or deny a presentence motion to
withdraw a guilty plea is within the sound discretion of the trial court.” Xie at
paragraph two of the syllabus. “Therefore, appellate review of a trial court’s
decision to deny a presentence motion to withdraw a guilty plea is limited to whether
the trial court abused its discretion.” State v. Keehn, 3d Dist. Henry No. 7-14-05,
2014-Ohio-3872, ¶ 14, citing State v. Nathan, 99 Ohio App. 3d 722, 725 (3d
Dist.1995), citing State v. Smith, 49 Ohio St. 2d 261 (1977). An abuse of discretion
is more than a mere error in judgment; it suggests that a decision is unreasonable,
arbitrary, or unconscionable. State v. Adams, 62 Ohio St. 2d 151, 157-158 (1980).
“When applying this standard, a reviewing court may not simply substitute its
judgment for that of the trial court.” Keehn at ¶ 14, citing State v. Adams, 3d Dist.
Defiance No. 4-09-16, 2009-Ohio-6863, ¶ 33.
{¶13} Although each of the nine factors referenced above are considered
when reviewing a trial court’s denial of a presentence motion to withdraw a guilty
plea, Liles’s argument on appeal is based entirely on the third and eighth factors—
-6-
Case No. 1-18-69
the extent of the trial court’s Crim.R. 11 colloquy and the degree to which the
Crim.R. 11 colloquy aided his understanding of the potential sentences he was
facing. Accordingly, the standards generally governing guilty pleas and Crim.R. 11
colloquies inform our determination of whether the third and eighth factors weigh
in Liles’s favor. See State v. Hill, 7th Dist. Carroll No. 12 CA 881, 2013-Ohio-
2552, ¶ 19-25.
{¶14} “All guilty pleas must be made knowingly, voluntarily, and
intelligently.” State v. Moll, 3d Dist. Defiance Nos. 4-14-17 and 4-14-18, 2015-
Ohio-926, ¶ 9, citing State v. Engle, 74 Ohio St. 3d 525, 527 (1996). “‘Crim.R.
11(C) is intended to ensure that guilty pleas are entered knowingly, intelligently,
and voluntarily.’” Id., quoting State v. Cortez, 3d Dist. Hancock Nos. 5-07-06 and
5-07-07, 2007-Ohio-6150, ¶ 16, citing State v. Windle, 4th Dist. Hocking No.
03CA16, 2004-Ohio-6827, ¶ 7. Crim.R. 11(C) provides:
(2) In felony cases the court may refuse to accept a plea of guilty or a
plea of no contest, and shall not accept a plea of guilty or no contest
without first addressing the defendant personally and doing all of the
following:
(a) Determining that the defendant is making the plea voluntarily,
with understanding of the nature of the charges and of the maximum
penalty involved, and if applicable, that the defendant is not eligible
-7-
Case No. 1-18-69
for probation or for the imposition of community control sanctions at
the sentencing hearing.
(b) Informing the defendant of and determining that the defendant
understands the effect of the plea of guilty or no contest, and that the
court, upon acceptance of the plea, may proceed with judgment and
sentence.
(c) Informing the defendant and determining that the defendant
understands that by the plea the defendant is waiving the rights to jury
trial, to confront witnesses against him or her, to have compulsory
process for obtaining witnesses in the defendant’s favor, and to
require the state to prove the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable
doubt at a trial at which the defendant cannot be compelled to testify
against himself or herself.
Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a)-(c). “A trial court must strictly comply with Crim.R.
11(C)(2)(c) and orally advise a defendant before accepting a felony plea that the
plea waives the defendant’s constitutional rights.” State v. Montgomery, 3d Dist.
Putnam No. 12-13-11, 2014-Ohio-1789, ¶ 11, citing State v. Veney, 120 Ohio St. 3d
176, 2008-Ohio-5200, ¶ 31. “‘When a trial court fails to strictly comply with this
duty, the defendant’s plea is invalid.’” Id., quoting Veney at ¶ 31. “A trial court,
-8-
Case No. 1-18-69
however, is required to only substantially comply with the non-constitutional
notifications in Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a) and (b).” Id., citing Veney at ¶ 14-17.
{¶15} Under the substantial-compliance standard, “a slight deviation from
the text of the rule is permissible.” State v. Clark, 119 Ohio St. 3d 239, 2008-Ohio-
3748, ¶ 31. “[S]o long as the totality of the circumstances indicates that ‘the
defendant subjectively understands the implications of his plea and the rights he is
waiving,’ the plea may be upheld.” Id., quoting State v. Nero, 56 Ohio St. 3d 106,
108 (1990). “‘Furthermore, a defendant who challenges his guilty plea on the basis
that it was not knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily made must show a
prejudicial effect. * * * The test is whether the plea would have otherwise been
made.’” Montgomery at ¶ 12, quoting Nero at 108.
{¶16} Liles argues that the trial court’s Crim.R. 11 colloquy was defective
because the trial court failed to discuss all of the maximum penalties involved for a
fourth-degree felony violation of R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(a). The penalties for fourth-
degree felony OVI are spelled out in R.C. 4511.19(G)(1), which provides in relevant
part:
(d) [A]n offender who, within twenty years of the offense,
previously has been convicted of or pleaded guilty to five or more
violations of [R.C. 4511.19(A) or (B) or other equivalent offenses] is
-9-
Case No. 1-18-69
guilty of a felony of the fourth degree. The court shall sentence the
offender to all of the following:
(i) If the sentence is being imposed for a violation of [R.C.
4511.19(A)(1)(a)], * * * in the discretion of the court, either a
mandatory term of local incarceration of sixty consecutive days in
accordance with [R.C. 2929.13(G)(1)] or a mandatory prison term of
sixty consecutive days in accordance with [R.C. 2929.13(G)(2)] if the
offender is not convicted of and does not plead guilty to [an R.C.
2941.1413 specification]. If the court imposes a mandatory term of
local incarceration, it may impose a jail term in addition to the sixty-
day mandatory term, the cumulative total of the mandatory term and
the jail term for the offense shall not exceed one year * * *. If the
court imposes a mandatory prison term * * * it also may sentence the
offender to a definite prison term that shall be not less than six months
and not more than thirty months * * *. If the court imposes a
mandatory prison term or mandatory prison term and additional prison
term, in addition to the term or terms so imposed, the court also may
sentence the offender to a community control sanction for the offense,
but the offender shall serve all of the prison terms so imposed prior to
serving the community control sanction.
-10-
Case No. 1-18-69
***
(v) In all cases, if the vehicle is registered in the offender’s name,
criminal forfeiture of the vehicle involved in the offense in accordance
with [R.C. 4503.234]. * * *
(vi) In all cases, the court shall order the offender to participate with
a community addiction services provider authorized by [R.C.
5119.21], subject to [R.C. 4511.19(I)], and shall order the offender to
follow the treatment recommendations of the services provider.
R.C. 4511.19(G)(1)(d)(i), (v)-(vi).2
{¶17} Liles argues that the trial court’s discussion of the maximum penalties
for fourth-degree felony OVI was deficient in three respects. First, Liles claims that
the trial court failed to adequately explain the maximum penalties possible under
R.C. 4511.19(G)(1)(d)(i). Second, Liles argues that the trial court failed to inform
him that under R.C. 4511.19(G)(1)(d)(v), his vehicle would be criminally forfeited.
Finally, Liles contends that in the Crim.R. 11 plea colloquy, the trial court implied
that it had discretion to order him into drug and alcohol treatment when in fact such
treatment was mandatory. We address each of Liles’s contentions in turn.
2
In addition, R.C. 4511.19(G)(1)(d) requires that the trial court impose a mandatory fine of $1,350-$10,500
and a mandatory class two license suspension. See R.C. 4511.19(G)(1)(d)(iii)-(iv). Here, Liles
acknowledges that “the trial court did advise [him] of the mandatory fine and the mandatory driver’s license
suspension prior to him entering his change of plea.” (Appellant’s Brief at 9).
-11-
Case No. 1-18-69
{¶18} First, we consider Liles’s argument regarding the trial court’s failure
to fully explain the maximum penalties possible under R.C. 4511.19(G)(1)(d)(i).
Liles argues that the plea colloquy was insufficient because he was not informed
that “an additional jail term could be imposed, in addition to the 60-day local
incarceration term, with the total jail term not to exceed one year.” (Appellant’s
Brief at 8). Furthermore, he contends that he was not informed that if the trial court
“imposed a sixty-day mandatory prison term, that an additional definite term of * *
* not more than thirty months could also be imposed.” (Id.). He notes that he was
instead told that “he could be sentenced to up to thirty months in prison, sixty days
of which was mandatory.” (Id.). Finally, Liles argues that the “trial court
incorrectly informed [him] that he could be sentenced to a term of community
control and community control could also include up to a hundred and eighty days
in the local jail.” (Id.).
{¶19} Liles’s argument is without merit. Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a) requires the
trial court to determine whether a defendant is entering his plea with an
understanding of the maximum penalty involved; by its terms, Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a)
does not require the trial court to determine whether the defendant is aware of every
lesser penalty that could be imposed. Under R.C. 4511.19(G)(1)(d)(i), one year of
local incarceration was not the maximum penalty Liles was facing. Therefore, the
-12-
Case No. 1-18-69
trial court’s failure to apprise Liles that he could be sentenced to up to one year of
local incarceration does not affect the sufficiency of the Crim.R. 11 plea colloquy.
{¶20} Furthermore, we find that Liles has not demonstrated that he was
prejudiced by the trial court’s alleged misstatement of the maximum penalty
possible under R.C. 4511.19(G)(1)(d)(i). Liles argues that he was not correctly
instructed that he could be sentenced to a mandatory term of 60 days in prison plus
an additional discretionary definite term of 30 months in prison, resulting in an
aggregate maximum term of approximately 32 months. First, we note that, contrary
to Liles’s interpretation of R.C. 4511.19(G)(1)(d)(i), there is a long-standing body
of case law holding that the maximum possible sentence for fourth-degree felony
OVI is 30 months in prison, inclusive of the mandatory 60-day prison term. See
State v. Bailey, 11th Dist. Geauga No. 2006-G-2734, 2007-Ohio-6160, ¶ 14, citing
State v. Gourley, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2006-01-003, 2007-Ohio-1221, ¶ 14;
State v. Knopf, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 05AP-1201, 2006-Ohio-3806, ¶ 5. However,
Liles’s interpretation of R.C. 4511.19(G)(1)(d)(i) is not an unreasonable one. Thus,
for the sake of Liles’s argument, we assume without deciding that the maximum
term of imprisonment for fourth-degree felony OVI is 30 months plus 60 days and
that the trial court failed to inform Liles of this fact.
{¶21} Even so, Liles has failed to demonstrate any prejudice arising from the
trial court’s error. See Bailey at ¶ 15-16. Far from being sentenced to a term of
-13-
Case No. 1-18-69
imprisonment approaching 32 months, Liles received two years of community
control and 66 days of local incarceration, with time-served credit for the entire 66
days. Thus, as Liles’s sentence was less than the actual potential maximum and
well within the maximum as stated by the trial court, Liles did not suffer any actual
prejudice. Id. at ¶ 15 (finding no actual prejudice where the sentence imposed for
fourth-degree felony OVI was “less than the actual maximum potential sentence and
within the limit of the maximum sentence as stated by the trial judge”). “Where the
appellant has failed to demonstrate prejudice and where the sentence imposed does
not exceed the misstated maximum sentence, appellate courts have upheld pleas to
a [fourth-degree felony OVI conviction] despite the appellant being misinformed
about the actual maximum penalty.” Id. at ¶ 16, citing Gourley at ¶ 5-14 and State
v. Tackett, 3d Dist. Shelby No. 17-01-06, 2001 WL 934431, *1-2 (Aug. 17, 2001).
{¶22} Moreover, Liles incorrectly argues that the trial court erred by
informing him that he could be sentenced to a term of community control, which
could also eventually include up to 180 days’ incarceration. Under R.C.
2929.13(A)(1), a trial court may impose “an additional community control sanction
or combination of community control sanctions under [R.C. 2929.16 or 2929.17]”
for a fourth-degree felony OVI offense for which sentence is imposed under R.C.
2929.13(G)(1). “If the court imposes upon the offender a community control
sanction and the offender violates any condition of the community control sanction,
-14-
Case No. 1-18-69
the court may take any action prescribed in [R.C. 2929.15(B)] relative to the
offender, including imposing a prison term on the offender pursuant to [R.C.
2929.15(B)].” R.C. 2929.13(A)(1). Under R.C. 2929.15(B)(1)(c)(ii), “for any
technical violation of the conditions of a community control sanction imposed for a
felony of the fourth degree that is not an offense of violence and is not a sexually
oriented offense or for any violation of law committed while under a community
control sanction imposed for such a felony that consists of a new criminal offense
and that is not a felony,” the offender may be given a prison term not exceeding 180
days. Thus, the trial court accurately advised Liles with respect to community
control and potential incarceration in connection with a community control sanction.
Altogether, the trial court’s discussion of the maximum penalties under R.C.
4511.19(G)(1)(d)(i) was not so lacking as to undermine the knowing and voluntary
nature of Liles’s plea.
{¶23} Next, we consider Liles’s argument that the trial court’s plea colloquy
was deficient because there was no discussion of the criminal vehicle forfeiture
required under R.C. 4511.19(G)(1)(d)(v). Indeed, the trial court failed to include a
discussion of criminal vehicle forfeiture in its Crim.R. 11 colloquy. However,
because the State did not seek forfeiture of Liles’s vehicle, the trial court did not
actually order Liles’s vehicle forfeited. Where a trial court fails to advise a
defendant of some facet of a maximum penalty but otherwise substantially complies
-15-
Case No. 1-18-69
with Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a), the defendant cannot show prejudice if the trial court does
not actually impose the component of the maximum sentence that it did not discuss.
See State v. Taylor, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 101609, 2015-Ohio-1643, ¶ 17-19,
citing State v. Simmons, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos. 99513 and 100552, 2013-Ohio-
5026, ¶ 7 (finding no prejudice where the trial court failed to advise the defendant
that the trial court could impose a fine but where it did not actually impose a fine).
Therefore, the trial court’s failure to discuss vehicle forfeiture does not impair an
otherwise extensive Crim.R. 11 colloquy.
{¶24} Finally, we consider Liles’s argument that the Crim.R. 11 colloquy
was defective because the trial court suggested that it had discretion to send Liles to
treatment when such treatment was in fact mandatory. At the change of plea
hearing, the trial court stated that it “could order [Liles] into treatment and
counseling.” (Sept. 12, 2018 Tr. at 7). Thus, we agree with Liles that the trial
court’s statement implied that it had discretion to order him into treatment and
counseling. Nevertheless, the trial court’s statement ensured that Liles entered his
plea with the knowledge that alcohol and drug treatment was among the maximum
penalties. Liles has failed to demonstrate that he would not have entered his plea
had he known that he would be required to attend counseling. As a result, Liles has
failed to establish that he was prejudiced by the trial court’s misstatement in a
manner that rendered his plea unknowing and unintelligent.
-16-
Case No. 1-18-69
{¶25} In sum, although the trial court’s Crim.R. 11 plea colloquy was less
than perfect, the trial court’s advisements were sufficient to put Liles on notice of
most of the maximum penalties and where the trial court’s discussion of a maximum
penalty was inaccurate or absent, Liles was not prejudiced as such penalties were
not actually imposed. Furthermore, the trial court’s Crim.R. 11 colloquy was
otherwise thorough as the trial court discussed the nature of the charges against
Liles, the effect of his guilty pleas, and the full range of constitutional rights he was
waiving by pleading guilty. (See Sept. 12, 2018 Tr. at 3-5, 11-13). The trial court
also ensured that Liles was not coerced into pleading guilty, that he was not
intoxicated, and that he had the opportunity to confer with his counsel. (Id. at 14-
17). Finally, at the hearing on his motion to withdraw, Liles’s counsel even
acknowledged that the trial court’s Crim.R. 11 colloquy was thorough, and he did
not argue that Liles should be permitted to withdraw his pleas because of flaws in
the colloquy. (Nov. 16, 2018 Tr. at 3). Therefore, we find that the third and eighth
factors do not weigh in Liles’s favor.
{¶26} However, as indicated above, our review of the trial court’s decision
to deny Liles’s motion to withdraw requires this court to review each of the factors.
We begin by identifying those factors that weigh in Liles’s favor. At the trial court
level, the State conceded that allowing Liles to withdraw his guilty pleas would not
prejudice the prosecution and that Liles’s motion “was made within a reasonable
-17-
Case No. 1-18-69
time * * *.” (Doc. No. 25). On appeal, the State has not reconsidered this position,
and after examining the record, we have found no cause to second-guess the State’s
concession. Therefore, we find that the first and sixth factors weigh in Liles’s favor.
{¶27} Yet, we find that the remaining factors do not weigh in Liles’s favor.
As to the second factor, we find that Liles was afforded competent legal
representation throughout the proceedings in the trial court. With respect to the
adequacy of the legal representation provided to Liles, we indulge in a strong
presumption that his trial counsel performed competently. See State v. Calhoun, 86
Ohio St. 3d 279, 289 (1999), citing Vaughn v. Maxwell, 2 Ohio St. 2d 299 (1965) and
State v. Jackson, 64 Ohio St. 2d 107, 110-111 (1980). The record contains no
evidence rebutting this presumption. Instead, the record reflects that Liles received
high-quality legal representation. Liles was represented by counsel both at the
change of plea hearing and at the hearing on his motion to withdraw, and Liles’s
trial counsel actively participated in both hearings. (See Sept. 12, 2018 Tr. at 2, 21-
22); (See Nov. 16, 2018 Tr. at 2-14). Perhaps most importantly, Liles’s trial
counsel’s efforts during plea negotiations secured Liles a favorable plea agreement.
In exchange for Liles’s guilty pleas, the State agreed to request dismissal of the R.C.
2941.1413(A) specification. (See Doc. Nos. 16, 17); (Sept. 12, 2018 Tr. at 1-4).
The trial court ultimately granted the State’s request, and as a result, Liles avoided
the possibility of a mandatory additional term of one to five years’ imprisonment.
-18-
Case No. 1-18-69
See R.C. 2941.1413(A). The favorable negotiated plea agreement is further
evidence that Liles was represented by competent trial counsel. See State v.
Williams, 3d Dist. Logan No. 8-18-06, 2018-Ohio-3615, ¶ 13, citing State v.
Ferdinandsen, 3d Dist. Hancock No. 5-16-08, 2016-Ohio-7172, ¶ 31. Thus, we find
that the second factor does not weigh in Liles’s favor.
{¶28} In addition, we find that neither the fourth factor nor the fifth factor
weighs in Liles’s favor. In response to Liles’s motion, the trial court conducted a
full, separate hearing. (See Nov. 16, 2018 Tr. at 1). At the hearing, Liles was able
to completely explain his stated reasons for seeking to withdraw his guilty pleas,
and he was able to speak and to present witnesses and other evidence on his behalf.
(See id. at 4-12). At the close of the hearing, the trial court remarked that it had
“already begun to review the transcript of the plea hearing” and that it planned to
“review all the evidence [that had] been presented * * * in light of the law.” (Id. at
14). Five days after the hearing, the trial court issued a thorough six-page decision
outlining the standards governing presentence motions to withdraw guilty pleas,
applying those standards to Liles’s motion to withdraw, and ultimately denying
Liles’s motion after specifically finding that Liles’s “stated reasons for wanting to
withdraw his plea [were] not believable.” (Doc. No. 27). Thus, the trial court
conducted a comprehensive hearing on Liles’s motion, and it gave full and fair
-19-
Case No. 1-18-69
consideration to Liles’s reasons to withdraw his guilty pleas. See Williams at ¶ 14.
Consequently, the fourth and fifth factors do not weigh in Liles’s favor.
{¶29} Lastly, we consider whether the seventh and ninth factors weigh in
Liles’s favor. In this case, because Liles’s stated reason for seeking to withdraw his
guilty pleas is that he has a defense to the charges against him, we will consider the
seventh and ninth factors together. In his motion to withdraw his guilty pleas, Liles
“maintain[ed] that he does not drink or use drugs and thus has a defense to the
charge[s].” (Doc. No. 20). In rejecting Liles’s stated grounds for his motion to
withdraw, the trial court noted that the “credibility of the assertions in the motion to
withdraw the plea and [Liles’s] protestation of innocence [are] * * * in serious
question.” (Doc. No. 27). The trial court found that Liles’s “stated reasons for
wanting to withdraw his plea are not believable and there is no credible basis to
determine that [Liles] was perhaps not guilty or had a complete defense to the
charges.” (Id.).
{¶30} The record supports the trial court’s determinations. At the hearing on
his motion to withdraw his guilty pleas, Liles insisted that he does not drink alcohol.
(Nov. 16, 2018 Tr. at 6). He testified that he was a “changed man,” but that he
decided to plead guilty simply because he “wanted to get out” of jail. (Id. at 5).
Liles stated that he wanted to withdraw his guilty pleas so that he could “tell the
-20-
Case No. 1-18-69
truth” about his sobriety and allow the jury to decide whether he was innocent. (Id.
at 5-6).
{¶31} However, on cross-examination, Liles admitted that he visited two
bars in Lima on the day of the alleged offense. (Id. at 8-9). He further
acknowledged that he consumed one shot of liquor at one of the bars he visited. (Id.
at 9-10). Nevertheless, Liles continued to maintain that he does not drink alcohol.
(Id. at 9-10). Furthermore, although Liles testified that he does not use drugs other
than those prescribed to him, he acknowledged that he was in possession of Vicodin
when his vehicle was stopped. (Id. at 10). Finally, despite conceding that he had
purchased the Vicodin pill from his neighbor, he claimed that he “didn’t use it.” (Id.
at 10-11).
{¶32} Thus, Liles’s defense and claims of innocence were completely
undermined by his testimony. Although an admission to consuming one shot of
liquor is far from conclusive proof that a person operated a vehicle in violation of
R.C. 4511.19, where a defense to a violation of R.C. 4511.19 is predicated on total
abstinence from drugs or alcohol, evidence of anything less than total abstinence
fatally undercuts that defense. Furthermore, Liles’s claim that he does not use drugs
is completely irrelevant to the charge of aggravated possession of drugs, especially
given that he admitted to purchasing Vicodin from his neighbor.
-21-
Case No. 1-18-69
{¶33} “In weighing the ninth factor, ‘the trial judge must determine whether
the claim of innocence is anything more than the defendant’s change of heart about
the plea agreement.’” State v. Davis, 5th Dist. Richland No. 15CA6, 2015-Ohio-
5196, ¶ 19, quoting State v. Davison, 5th Dist. Stark No. 2008-CA-00082, 2008-
Ohio-7037, ¶ 45, citing State v. Kramer, 7th Dist. Mahoning No. 01-CA-107, 2002-
Ohio-4176, ¶ 58. “‘A change of heart or mistaken belief about pleading guilty is
not a reasonable basis for withdrawal of a guilty plea.’” State v. Jones, 7th Dist.
Mahoning No. 09 MA 50, 2011-Ohio-2903, ¶ 20, quoting State v. Smith, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 94419, 2010-Ohio-5784, ¶ 9. Claims of innocence must be
substantiated. North, 2015-Ohio-720, at ¶ 26-27. Here, because the evidence
directly contradicts, rather than substantiates, Liles’s claim of innocence, Liles’s
claim of innocence appears to be more in the nature of a mere change of heart.
Therefore, we find that the seventh and ninth factors do not weigh in Liles’s favor.
{¶34} In conclusion, although we find that the first and sixth factors weigh
in Liles’s favor, we find that the remaining factors weigh against Liles. Therefore,
we conclude that, based on the totality of the circumstances, Liles did not have a
reasonable and legitimate basis to withdraw his guilty pleas. See Williams, 2018-
Ohio-3615, at ¶ 20, quoting Jones at ¶ 20 (“‘When none of the * * * factors weigh
heavily in the defendant’s favor regarding the presentence withdrawal of a guilty
plea, a strong inference arises that the plea is being withdrawn merely because of a
-22-
Case No. 1-18-69
change of heart about entering the plea.’”), quoting State v. Moore, 7th Dist.
Columbiana No. 06 CO 74, 2008-Ohio-1039, ¶ 13. Accordingly, we conclude that
the trial court did not abuse its discretion by denying Liles’s motion to withdraw his
guilty pleas.
{¶35} Liles’s assignment of error is overruled.
{¶36} Having found no error prejudicial to the appellant herein in the
particulars assigned and argued, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Judgment Affirmed
SHAW and WILLAMOWSKI, J.J., concur.
/jlr
-23-