Skoda Minotti Co. v. Kent , 2022 Ohio 3237 ( 2022 )

[Cite as Skoda Minotti Co. v. Kent, 2022-Ohio-3237.]
COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
SKODA MINOTTI COMPANY, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
No. 111227
v. :
JOHN H. KENT, ET AL., :
Defendants-Appellants. :
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: September 15, 2022
Civil Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CV-18-897904
Appearances:
WELTMAN, WEINBERG & REIS, CO., L.P.A., and Roy J.
Schechter, for appellee.
Weston Hurd LLP, Robert A. Poklar, Matthew C. Miller,
and Patrick M. Cannell, for appellants.
EMANUELLA D. GROVES, J.:
Defendants-appellants, John H. Kent (“Kent”) and K.B. Directional,
LLC (“KB Directional”), (collectively “Appellants”), appeal the trial court’s decision
granting summary judgment in favor of plaintiff-appellee Skoda Minotti Company
(“Skoda”) on its claim for breach of contract. For the reasons set forth below, we
affirm.
Procedural and Factual History
Kent is the sole proprietor and owner of KB Directional, an entity that
is engaged in directional drilling services on a contract basis for utility companies.
In the spring of 2017, Kent hired Skoda, an accounting and litigation support firm,
to perform various accounting services for himself and KB Directional. The
engagement included reconstructing accounting records and ledgers from 2011
through 2016, preparing income tax returns that were outstanding since 2007, and
assisting Kent and his attorney with respect to a pending divorce matter.
On May 17, 2018, Skoda filed a complaint in Cuyahoga County
Common Pleas Court alleging that it properly executed extensive professional
services for Kent and KB Directional and fully performed all conditions precedent
required under the parties’ written agreement.. Skoda further alleged that Kent and
KB Directional failed to fully compensate Skoda for the services rendered, despite
due demand.
On June 21, 2018, while the underlying case was pending, Kent filed
a Chapter 13 petition in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Western District of
Pennsylvania (“Bankruptcy Court”). In December 2018, Kent’s attorney filed a
suggestion of bankruptcy, which resulted in the trial court staying all matters until
the conclusion of the bankruptcy proceedings.
On May 19, 2019, Kent filed an Adversary Proceeding Complaint1
against Skoda in the Bankruptcy Court asserting claims including breach-of-
contract, unjust enrichment, and conversion. The matter proceeded to a full trial.
To be discussed in detail below, on May 5, 2020, the federal judge issued a
Memorandum Opinion (“Memorandum Opinion”) finding in favor of Skoda on
Kent’s breach-of-contract claim.
Subsequently, on August 13, 2020, Skoda filed a motion to vacate the
stay, which the trial court granted. On April 19, 2021, Skoda filed an amended
complaint, naming KB Directional as a new party defendant. In the amended
complaint, Skoda alleged that “[u]pon information and belief, Kent filed the
Adversary Proceeding in part, in an effort to thwart Skoda from obtaining a
judgment and pursuing collection through this common plea court action * * *.”
Further, that
[a]fter a full and fair opportunity for the parties to litigate the claims
raised in the Adversary Proceeding, and an evidentiary hearing
involving numerous witnesses and extensive documentary evidence,
United States District Court Judge Thomas P. Agresti issued a 27 page
Memorandum Opinion on May 7, 2020, resolving numerous factual
issues, and ruling that Skoda did not breach the contract and had
properly performed under the Agreement, that Kent had breached the
Agreement, and refusing to award Kent monetary damages.2
On August 13, 2021, Skoda filed a motion for summary judgment and
attached, among other things, the affidavit of the firm’s managing partner, Frank
1 The adversary proceeding is a core matter pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 157(b)(2)(E).
2 A copy of the Memorandum Opinion was attached to the Amended Complaint as
Exhibit 3.
Suponcic (“Suponcic”). In its motion, Skoda centrally argued that the Bankruptcy
Court’s Memorandum Opinion compelled judgment in its favor, because Kent was
estopped from litigating any of the contractual issues. Appellants filed their brief in
opposition arguing that collateral estoppel was not applicable.
On December 31, 2021, the trial court granted summary judgment in
favor of Skoda and against Appellants in the amount of $33,717.55, plus interest, as
provided in the contract accruing at 1 percent per month from March 3, 2021.
Appellants now appeal and assigns the following sole error for review:
Assignment of Error
The trial court erred in granting plaintiff-appellee’s motion for
summary judgment.
Law and Analysis
In the sole assignment of error, Appellants argue the trial court erred
in granting summary judgment in Skoda’s favor on its breach-of-contract claim.
Standard of Review
To begin, Civ.R. 56(C) provides that summary judgment shall be
rendered if “the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, written
admissions, affidavits, transcripts of evidence, and written stipulations of fact, if
any, timely filed in the action, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material
fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Summary
judgment is proper where:
(1) there is no genuine issue of material fact; (2) the moving party is
entitled to judgment as a matter of law; and (3) reasonable minds can
come to but one conclusion and that conclusion is adverse to the
nonmoving party, said party being entitled to have the evidence
construed most strongly in his or her favor.
Bohan v. McDonald Hopkins, L.L.C., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 110060, 2021-Ohio-
4131, ¶ 19, citing Horton v. Harwick Chem. Corp., 73 Ohio St.3d 679, 653 N.E.2d
1196 (1995), paragraph three of the syllabus; Zivich v. Mentor Soccer Club, 82 Ohio
St.3d 367, 696 N.E.2d 201 (1998).
“The party moving for summary judgment bears the burden of
demonstrating that no material issues of fact exist for trial.” Edvon v. Morales, 8th
Dist. Cuyahoga No. 106448, 2018-Ohio-5171, ¶ 17, citing Dresher v. Burt, 75 Ohio
St.3d 280, 292, 662 N.E.2d 264 (1996). If the movant satisfies the initial burden,
then the nonmoving party has the burden to set forth specific facts that there remain
genuine issues of material fact that would preclude summary judgment. Id. A trial
court’s grant of summary judgment is reviewed de novo. Grafton v. Ohio Edison
Co., 77 Ohio St.3d 102, 105, 671 N.E.2d 241 (1996).
Breach of Contract
Preliminarily, to prevail on a breach-of-contract claim, the party
seeking to enforce the contract must prove, by a preponderance of the evidence, all
of the elements of the claim. Holliday v. Calanni Enters., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga
No. 110001, 2021-Ohio-2266, ¶ 20, citing On Line Logistics, Inc. v. Amerisource
Corp., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 82056, 2003-Ohio-5381, ¶ 39, citing Cooper &
Pachell v. Haslage, 142 Ohio App.3d 704, 707, 756 N.E.2d 1248 (9th Dist.2001).
These elements include “the existence of a contract, performance by the plaintiff,
breach by the defendant, and damage or loss to the plaintiff.” Holiday at Id., citing
Doner v. Snapp, 98 Ohio App.3d 597, 600, 649 N.E.2d 42 (2d Dist.1994).
In the instant matter, Skoda argued in its motion for summary
judgment that the above elements were already determined by the Bankruptcy Court
in the adversarial proceeding. Specifically, whether Kent and Skoda entered into a
contract, whether Skoda properly performed the subject contract, and whether Kent
breached the contract by failing to fully pay for the services rendered were
determined after a full and fair trial in the Bankruptcy Court.
Thus, Skoda argued that because these findings were made after a
trial between the same parties, whom were both represented by counsel, and
involved the same material issues raised in the pleadings, they constitute res
judicata and collateral estoppel. Consequently, Skoda argued there remained no
genuine issue of material fact and they were entitled to summary judgment as a
matter of law. For the reasons that follow, we agree.
Res Judicata and Collateral Estoppel
Res judicata precludes “‘the relitigation of a point of law or fact that
was at issue in a former action between the same parties and was passed upon by a
court of competent jurisdiction.’” Jefferson v. Current Successor, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 108010, 2019-Ohio-2905, ¶ 8, citing State ex rel. Kroger Co. v. Indus.
Comm., 80 Ohio St.3d 649, 651, 687 N.E.2d 768 (1998), quoting Office of
Consumers’ Counsel v. Public Util. Comm., 16 Ohio St.3d 9, 10, 475 N.E.2d 782(1985). Pursuant to the concept of claim preclusion, “a valid final judgment
rendered upon the merits bars subsequent actions based upon any claim arising out
of the transaction or occurrence that was the subject matter of the previous action.”
Id., citing Grava v. Parkman Twp., 73 Ohio St.3d 379, 653 N.E.2d 226 (1995),
syllabus.
Relevantly, collateral estoppel, or issue preclusion, prevents
relitigation of an issue that has been actually and necessarily litigated and
determined in a prior action. Thistledown Racetrack L.L.C. v. Cuyahoga Cty. Bd.
of Revision, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 109469, 2021-Ohio-2511, ¶ 28, citing Fort Frye
Teachers Assn. v. State Emp. Relations Bd., 81 Ohio St.3d 392, 395, 1998- Ohio 435,
692 N.E.2d 140 (1998).
Collateral estoppel applies when three requirements are met: “the fact
or issue (1) was actually and directly litigated in the prior action, (2) was passed upon
and determined by a court of competent jurisdiction, and (3) when the party against
whom collateral estoppel is asserted was a party in privity with a party to the prior
action.” Thompson v. Wing, 70 Ohio St.3d 176, 183, 637 N.E.2d 917 (1994), citing
Whitehead v. Gen. Tel. Co., 20 Ohio St.2d 108, 254 N.E.2d 10 (1969), paragraph two
of the syllabus.
“The essential test in determining whether the doctrine of collateral
estoppel is to be applied is whether the party against whom the prior judgment is
being asserted had full representation and a ‘full and fair opportunity to litigate that
issue in the first action.’” Kobal v. Edward Jones Sec., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No.
109753, 2021-Ohio-1088, ¶ 26, citing Cashelmara Villas Ltd. Partnership v.
DiBenedetto, 87 Ohio App.3d 809, 813, 623 N.E.2d 213 (8th Dist.1993), quoting
Hicks v. De La Cruz, 52 Ohio St.2d 71, 74, 369 N.E.2d 776 (1977).
To begin, we note, in the present matter, there is no dispute that the
parties are identical to those in the Bankruptcy Court action. Further, the parties do
not dispute that a court of competent jurisdiction entered a final judgment on the
merits of the claim. As such, we will primarily address whether the same issue was
actually and directly litigated in the adversarial proceedings in the Bankruptcy
Court.
In addressing the breach-of-contract claim in the Bankruptcy Court,
the exhaustive and well-reasoned Memorandum Opinion began by encapsulating
Kent’s essential allegations as follows:
17. Debtor and Defendants entered into a contract on or about
June 1, 2017, to organize Debtor’s financial records and assist him with
advisory and tax compliance matters.
18. Debtor paid certain amounts over to Skoda and Page3 in performing
under the contract.
19. Skoda and Page have failed to perform their end of the contract by
their refusal to produce any work product or any invoices to prove how
his payments for these services were expended. Therefore, Skoda and
Page have breached the contract between them and Debtor.
The Memorandum Opinion continued that Skoda’s response to
Kent’s breach-of-contract claim focused on two arguments namely:
3
Given the time sensitivity, the amount of the work that needed to be done to
create the general ledger, and the lack of availability of any Skoda personnel who could
devote full attention to such a project, Suponcic subcontracted this part of the work to
Laura Page, someone outside the firm that could do the work more quickly.
First, that to the extent the Defendants failed to complete work for the
Debtor as was envisioned in the contract, it was solely due to Debtor’s
failure to provide the Defendants with materials that they needed to do
so.
Second, that the Debtor, having voluntarily made payments to them
under the contract totaling $28,540 after receiving billing invoices
from the Defendants, may not now seek to recover such payments by
claiming a breach of contract.
In arriving at its conclusion on the breach of contract, the Bankruptcy
Court found significant Skoda’s response that Kent failed to provide certain material
that Skoda had requested “and that such failure was in itself a breach of the contract
by [Kent].” Importantly, the parties’ written agreement provides in pertinent part
that “[y]ou [i.e., Debtor] agree to provide all financial and nonfinancial information
and documentation reasonably deemed necessary or desirable by us in connection
with the engagement.”
The Bankruptcy Court found that the evidence was overwhelming
that Kent did not provide all the necessary information that was requested of him
by Skoda. Specifically, that the failure of Kent to provide such information
prevented or hindered Skoda from completing its work under the contract, thereby
excusing any breach of the contract by Skoda.
The Bankruptcy Court elaborated that
Suponcic testified credibly to repeated communications that were
made to the Debtor and/or Mrs. Kent attempting to get them to provide
information and documents that Skoda needed in order to perform the
work it had contracted to do. This credible testimony was backed up
by documentary exhibits, including e-mails, that showed Skoda was
seeking materials which the Debtor could not, or would not provide.
Suponcic also credibly testified that it would have been a violation of
Skoda’s professional ethical obligations and would have exposed Skoda
to the possibility of preparer liability, if it had filed any tax returns
based only on the limited materials that Debtor did provide.
The Bankruptcy Court emphasized that
Skoda did the best it could with the information that the Debtor did
provide. Even assuming that Skoda failed to fully perform under the
contract as the party had envisioned when it was signed, such failure
was solely the result of the Debtor failing to comply with his obligation
under the contract to provide all financial and nonfinancial
information and documentation deemed necessary or desirable by
Skoda.4
Nonetheless, Appellants argue that collateral estoppel does not apply
because the Bankruptcy Court never specifically decided whether he breached the
contract. Appellants suggest that the Bankruptcy Court only determined that Skoda
did not breach the contract. However, Appellants’ belief ignores their obligations
under the agreement. As previously stated, Kent agreed to provide all financial and
nonfinancial information and documentation reasonably deemed necessary or
desirable by Skoda in connection with the engagement.
Here, it is undeniable that Kent failed to provide the requested
financial and nonfinancial information. Despite Appellants’ present assertions, in
failing to do so, they in fact breached the contract. It is worth repeating that the
Bankruptcy Court noted that “such failure was in itself a breach of the contract by
4 The Bankruptcy Court noted that “the Contract does not expressly include a
‘reasonableness’ component with respect to the Debtor’s obligation to provide
information and documentation as requested by Skoda. If a reasonableness standard is
nevertheless implied, the Court would find the requests for information and
documentation made by Skoda were reasonable and germane to the tasks it was
performing.”
[Kent].” This very finding is what Appellants suggest should again be litigated in a
successive venue.
Because the instant issue, between the same parties, was decided
when Appellants were fully represented and when they had a full and fair
opportunity to litigate this issue, collateral estoppel applies. Unquestionably, “the
existence of a contract, performance by [Skoda], breach by [Kent], and damage or
loss to [Skoda],” have been squarely determined in the Bankruptcy Court and should
not be relitigated. As such, there was no genuine issue as to any material fact and
Skoda was entitled to judgment as a matter of law. The trial court did not err when
it granted summary judgment in favor of Skoda.
Accordingly, we overrule the sole assignment of error.
Judgment affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover from appellants costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the
Cuyahoga County Common Pleas Court to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
_________________________
EMANUELLA D. GROVES, JUDGE
ANITA LASTER MAYS, P.J., and
FRANK DANIEL CELEBREZZE, III, J., CONCUR