In re R.R. , 2022 Ohio 3722 ( 2022 )

[Cite as In re R.R., 2022-Ohio-3722.]
COURT OF APPEALS
COSHOCTON COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
: JUDGES:
:
: Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P.J.
: Hon. William B. Hoffman, J.
: Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J.
IN RE R.R. :
: Case No. 2022CA0006
:
:
:
:
: OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Coshocton County
Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile
Division, Case No. 21830067
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: October 18, 2022
APPEARANCES:
For CCDJFS-Appellee: For Mother-Appellant:
BENJAMIN E. HALL FREDERICK A. SEALOVER
Assistant Prosecuting Attorney P.O. Box 2910
Coshocton County Prosecutor’s Office Zanesville, OH 43702-2910
318 Chestnut Street
Coshocton, OH 43812
Coshocton County, Case No. 2022CA0006 2
Delaney, J.
{¶1} Mother-Appellant T.A. appeals the February 8, 2022 judgment entry of the
Coshocton County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division granting permanent
custody of the minor child R.R. to Coshocton County Department of Job and Family
Services-Appellee.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
{¶2} Mother-Appellant T.A. and Father D.R. are the biological parents of R.R.,
(born in September 2011), J.R. (born in October 2015), F.A. (born in March 2019), and
Z.A. (born in December 2020). Mother and Father began their relationship in 2011 and
are not married.
{¶3} Mother has a prior history with the Muskingum County Department of Job
and Family Services. In 2006 and 2008, Muskingum County JFS investigated Mother for
mental health concerns, poor living conditions and non-cooperation regarding her two
children from a prior relationship, born in 2005 and 2008. The two children were removed
from her care and legal custody granted to family members. In 2008 and 2011, the
Muskingum County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Court ordered Mother to undergo
a psychological evaluation regarding her custody of one of the children. The psychologist
diagnosed Mother with a personality disorder and a cognitive disorder due to which it was
the evaluator’s opinion that Mother would not do well if allowed to regain custody of her
three-year old child. During the Muskingum County proceedings, Mother demonstrated
non-compliance with the case plan, mental health concerns, and threatened violence to
the caseworkers and staff.
Coshocton County, Case No. 2022CA0006 3
{¶4} Father has three children from a prior relationship who were removed from
his care through civil actions.
Complaint
{¶5} On March 20, 2018, Plaintiff-Appellee Coshocton County Department of
Job and Family Services (“CCDJFS”) received a report of bug infestation when R.R. was
observed at school with bed bugs and cockroaches on her body and in her school bags.
It was also reported that R.R. at six years old was responsible for the care of her younger
sister. CCDJFS attempted to gain entrance into Mother and Father’s home to investigate
but Parents would not allow them access.
{¶6} On June 4, 2018, CCDJFS filed a complaint seeking protective supervision
of R.R. and J.R. CCDJFS obtained a court order to allow them access to the home. The
investigator observed the home was cluttered and in disarray. There were boxes stacked
to the ceiling, medications laying in reach of the children, dirty dishes, cockroaches, and
hole in the bathroom floor. The juvenile court granted protective supervision on June 26,
2018. CCDJFS filed a motion for ex parte temporary custody, which the juvenile court
granted, and the children were placed in foster care. There were no kinship placements
available for the children. R.R. and J.R. were placed in separate foster homes because
R.R. was parentified. She behaved as if she was responsible for J.R.’s care and became
aggressive with J.R. or others who tried to care for J.R. On June 28, 2018, the juvenile
court held a shelter care hearing and continued the order of temporary custody. A
Guardian ad Litem was appointed for the children.
{¶7} After placement in foster care, R.R. was diagnosed by Nationwide
Children’s Hospital with a genetic disorder called STAT3 Gain of Function disease. The
Coshocton County, Case No. 2022CA0006 4
disease impacts R.R.’s immune system and her ability to heal from injury or illness. R.R.
was required to live in a sanitary environment to protect her health.
{¶8} The original case plan for Mother and Father was filed on July 3, 2018 and
an amended case plan was filed on August 6, 2018. The amended case plan was
necessary because R.R. moved to a different foster care provider. In the case plan,
Parents were required to provide safe, clean, and stable housing, complete parenting
classes, obtain a parenting assessment and follow recommendations, maintain
employment, and attend visitation.
{¶9} CCDJFS dismissed the cases for R.R. and J.R. on September 4, 2018 and
filed new complaints on September 5, 2018. The juvenile court held the preliminary,
adjudicatory, and dispositional hearings on October 2, 2018 where R.R. and J.R. were
adjudicated neglected and dependent children. The children remained in the temporary
custody of CCDJFS.
{¶10} F.A. was born in March 2019. Parents tried to evade CCDJFS at the time
of F.A.’s birth, but a hospital social worker independently reported the birth and concerns
about Mother’s behavior. On March 28, 2019, an ex parte order was issued removing
F.A. from Parents’ care and placing her in the foster home with J.R. F.A. was adjudicated
dependent. An amended case plan was filed on April 11, 2019 to add F.A.
{¶11} The first Annual Court Review was held on May 15, 2019. Parents had
moved three times and currently resided in Zanesville. At the time of the hearing, Father
was incarcerated for failure to pay child support. Mother was maintaining employment.
Parents were attending two-hour supervised visits with R.R. and J.R. once a week.
Parents had supervised visitation with F.A. for two-hours, three times a week. Parents
Coshocton County, Case No. 2022CA0006 5
completed a parenting assessment with Chrysalis Counseling Center. Father was
diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive episode severe. The
evaluator assessed that Father accepted no responsibility for his actions and was
unwilling or unlikely to implement long-term changes necessary to provide a stable, safe,
and nurturing home for the children. Mother was diagnosed with bipolar disorder and
borderline personality disorder, requiring intensive individual counseling. Mother was
regularly attending counseling. Parents had completed parenting classes. The annual
review reported that R.R. and J.R. required extensive dental work – R.R. needed three
fillings, one root canal, and seven crowns and J.R. had a cavity in every tooth, except
one. The GAL recommended that CCDJFS work towards permanency for the children
with their current foster placements or whomever CCDJFS approved.
{¶12} On June 24, 2019, CCDJFS filed a motion to reduce Parents’ visitation with
the children. Parents opposed the motion. The juvenile court denied the motion on August
6, 2019, finding that while Parents had failed to comply with the supervised visitation
guidelines, it was in the best interest of the children and the goal of reunification to
maintain visitation.
{¶13} In July 2019, J.R. and F.A. were rehomed in a foster-to-adopt home. F.A.
was diagnosed with the STAT3 Gain of Function disease.
{¶14} In October 2019, R.R. was demonstrating behavior that caused concerns
for the safety of the foster care provider’s children. R.R. was rehomed with a foster
provider who could provide more singular attention to R.R. and address her behavioral
needs. R.R. was acting out by intentionally clogging a toilet and setting fires in the home.
The foster provider reported that she felt R.R. liked her but was not bonded with her. The
Coshocton County, Case No. 2022CA0006 6
foster provider was not a foster-to-adopt home. R.R. wanted to go home to be with her
sisters.
{¶15} The second Annual Court Review was heard on March 20, 2020, along with
a motion for second six-month extension for J.R. and R.R. and the first six-month
extension for F.A. It was determined that Parents had obtained housing in October 2019.
The ongoing caseworker had attempted unannounced home visitation accompanied by
law enforcement (due to Mother’s threats in her previous case), but Father refused access
to the home. The GAL visited the home and observed that Mother’s brother, a man, and
a child also lived in the small home. The home was clean but cluttered. Father and Mother
were employed. Of most significance, the ongoing case worker reported that Parents’
supervised visitation was not progressing. Mother and Father were not utilizing the skills
offered by parenting coaching. The visitation observer witnessed Parents being harsh
with the children, especially with R.R. Parents occasionally mocked the children if they
cried. They struggled to care for three children with different age-appropriate needs.
Father was disengaged from the visitation, either laying on the floor, sleeping, or
crocheting while Mother did most of the parenting work. Father was asked to stop
crocheting during visitation, but he was observed crocheting under the table during
visitation.
{¶16} Following the second Annual Court Review, the COVID 19 pandemic
suspended visitation, but resumed in June 2020.
{¶17} A new ongoing caseworker was assigned in December 2020. She noted
there had been little improvement in the Parents’ visitation with the children as to
parenting skills or their reception to parenting coaching.
Coshocton County, Case No. 2022CA0006 7
{¶18} Parents had a fourth child, Z.A. in December 2020. The juvenile court
denied removal of the child but placed the child under protective supervision.
{¶19} The ongoing caseworker was able to conduct a home visit. She found the
home to be too small for a family of six and smelled of cigarette smoke and animal odors.
Mother complained to her that Father did not assist with the home or the care of Z.A.
{¶20} On September 10, 2020, CCDJFS filed a motion for permanent custody of
R.R., J.R., and F.A. CCDJFS filed a motion to suspend visitation on November 25, 2020.
Hearings
{¶21} The juvenile court first held hearings on the pending motion to suspend
visitation on December 22, 2020 and February 9, 2021. After the hearing, the juvenile
court suspended Parents’ visitation due to the evidence presented and compounded by
Parents failure to act appropriately by laying in their bed during a remote hearing
appearance.
{¶22} The hearings on the pending motion for permanent custody were held on
July 15, 2021, July 16, 2021, and July 22, 2021. At the hearing, while the evidence
demonstrated that Parents had completed a portion of their case plan, such as graduating
from parenting classes, maintaining employment, and obtaining housing, witnesses
testified that Parents had failed to progress in their relationship with the children despite
the reasonable efforts of CCDJFS. Multiple witnesses testified that this was the longest
case they had where the parents had not progressed from supervised visitation. The
ongoing caseworker and visitation supervisor could not recommend unsupervised
visitation. Mother had made some effort during visitation, but Father continued to make
little to no effort to engage with the children or assist Mother parent the children. In the
Coshocton County, Case No. 2022CA0006 8
two years that Parents had been engaged in visitation with the children, the witnesses did
not observe any progression in Parents’ parenting skills.
{¶23} The psychological evaluators testified at the hearing as to their reports on
Mother and Father. Mother was diagnosed with a personality disorder that could not be
resolved with medication but would require intensive, long-term individual counseling.
Mother was attending weekly counseling. The evaluators opined that reunification with
Parents was unlikely if Parents’ psychological conditions were not appropriately
addressed.
{¶24} The foster parents to F.A. and J.R. testified that the children were bonded
with them and their other children. They were interested in adopting the children. The
children wanted to remain with the foster family.
{¶25} The foster parent for R.R. testified that she loved R.R. but she was not sure
this was a permanent placement for R.R. R.R. expressed that she wanted to be with her
sisters and because of COVID and scheduling, had not had an opportunity to visit with
them. The juvenile court conducted an in camera interview with R.R. on July 23, 2021.
{¶26} The GAL recommended the children be placed in the permanent custody of
CCDJFS.
{¶27} Mother testified at the hearing that she was meeting the case plan
expectations. She was also caring for Z.A., working, and attending counseling.
Judgment Entry
{¶28} On February 8, 2022, the juvenile court issued an 11-page, thoroughly
analyzed judgment entry awarding permanent custody of R.R., J.R., and F.A. to CCDJFS.
The juvenile court found that despite the reasonable efforts of CCDJFS, Mother and
Coshocton County, Case No. 2022CA0006 9
Father had not remedied the issues that caused the children to be removed from their
care. R.R., J.R., and F.A. had been in the temporary custody of CCDJFS for 12 out of 22
consecutive months. The juvenile court next found it was not in the best interests of the
children to be placed with Mother and Father. Both Parents exhibited cognitive and/or
psychological issues that would require intensive, long-term therapy to mitigate. The
children had been in the temporary care of CCDJFS for two years and Parents had not
progressed in their relationship with the children past supervised visitation. The children
were placed in foster homes that were meeting their emotional needs and the specific
health needs of R.R. and F.A.
{¶29} It is from this judgment entry that Mother now appeals.
ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
{¶30} Mother raises three Assignments of Error:
{¶31} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY FINDING THAT COSHOCTON
COUNTY JOB AND FAMILY SERVICES MADE REASONABLE EFFORTS TO REUNIFY
THE MINOR CHILDREN WITH THEIR PARENTS.
{¶32} “II. THE APPELLANT WAS DENIED THE EFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF
TRIAL COUNSEL.
{¶33} “III. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY FINDING THAT THE BEST
INTERESTS OF THE MINOR CHILDREN WOULD BE SERVED BY THE GRANTING
OF PERMANENT CUSTODY AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE
EVIDENCED [SIC] PRESENTED.”
Coshocton County, Case No. 2022CA0006 10
ANALYSIS
I. and III. Permanent Custody
{¶34} In her first and third Assignments of Error, Mother contends the juvenile
court erred when it granted permanent custody of R.R., J.R., and F.A. to CCDJFS. We
consider the two Assignments of Error together because they are interrelated.
Standard of Review
{¶35} R.C. 2151.414(B)(1) states permanent custody may be granted to a public
or private agency if the trial court determines by clear and convincing evidence at a
hearing held pursuant to division (A) of R.C. 2151.414, that it is in the best interest of the
child and any of the following apply:
(a) The child is not abandoned or orphaned * * * and the child cannot be
placed with either of the child's parents within a reasonable time or should
not be placed with the child's parents.
(b) The child is abandoned.
(c) The child is orphaned, and there are no relatives of the child who are
able to take permanent custody.
(d) The child has been in the temporary custody of one or more public
children services agencies or private child placing agencies for twelve or
more months of a consecutive twenty-two-month period * * *
(e) The child or another child in the custody of the parent or parents from
whose custody the child has been removed has been adjudicated an
abused, neglected, or dependent child on three separate occasions by any
court in this state or another state.
Coshocton County, Case No. 2022CA0006 11
{¶36} In determining the best interest of the child at a permanent custody hearing,
R.C. 2151.414(D) mandates the trial court must consider all relevant factors, including,
but not limited to, the following: (a) the interaction and interrelationship of the child with
the child's parents, siblings, relatives, foster parents and out-of-home providers, and any
other person who may significantly affect the child; (b) the wishes of the child as
expressed directly by the child or through the child's guardian ad litem, with due regard
for the maturity of the child; (c) the custodial history of the child; (d) the child's need for a
legally secure permanent placement and whether that type of placement can be achieved
without a grant of permanent custody; and (e) whether any of the factors in division (E)(7)
to (11) of R.C. 2151.414 apply in relation to the parents and child.
{¶37} Therefore, R.C. 2151.414(B) establishes a two-pronged analysis the trial
court must apply when ruling on a motion for permanent custody. In practice, the trial
court will usually determine whether one of the four circumstances delineated in R.C.
2151.414(B)(1)(a) through (d) is present before proceeding to a determination regarding
the best interest of the child.
{¶38} If the child is not abandoned or orphaned, the focus turns to whether the
child cannot be placed with either parent within a reasonable period of time or should not
be placed with the parents. Under R.C. 2151.414(E), the trial court must consider all
relevant evidence before making this determination. The trial court is required to enter
such a finding if it determines, by clear and convincing evidence, that one or more of the
factors enumerated in R.C. 2151.414(E)(1) through (16) exist with respect to each of the
child's parents.
Coshocton County, Case No. 2022CA0006 12
{¶39} The Ohio Supreme Court has defined “clear and convincing evidence” as
“[t]he measure or degree of proof that will produce in the mind of the trier of fact a firm
belief or conviction as to the allegations sought to be established. It is intermediate, being
more than a mere preponderance, but not to the extent of such certainty, as required
beyond a reasonable doubt, as in criminal cases.” Cross v. Ledford, 161 Ohio St. 469,
120 N.E.2d 118 (1954); In re: Adoption of Holcomb, 18 Ohio St.3d 361, 481 N.E.2d 613(1985). In reviewing whether the trial court based its decision upon clear and convincing
evidence, “a reviewing court will examine the record to determine whether the trier of facts
had sufficient evidence before it to satisfy the requisite degree of proof.” State v. Schiebel,
55 Ohio St.3d 71, 74, 564 N.E.2d 54 (1990); see also C.E. Morris Co. v. Foley Constr.
Co., 54 Ohio St.2d 279, 376 N.E.2d 578 (1978). If the trial court's judgment is “supported
by some competent, credible evidence going to all the essential elements of the case,” a
reviewing court may not reverse that judgment. Schiebel, 55 Ohio St.3d at 74.
{¶40} Moreover, “an appellate court should not substitute its judgment for that of
the trial court when there exists competent and credible evidence supporting the findings
of fact and conclusion of law.” Id. Issues relating to the credibility of witnesses and the
weight to be given the evidence are primarily for the trier of fact. As the court explained
in Seasons Coal Co. v. Cleveland, 10 Ohio St.3d 77, 80, 461 N.E.2d 1273 (1984): The
underlying rationale of giving deference to the findings of the trial court rests with the
knowledge that the trial judge is best able to view the witnesses and observe their
demeanor, gestures, and voice inflections, and use these observations in weighing the
credibility of the proffered testimony. Moreover, deferring to the trial court on matters of
credibility is “crucial in a child custody case, where there may be much evident in the
Coshocton County, Case No. 2022CA0006 13
parties’ demeanor and attitude that does not translate to the record well.” Davis v.
Flickinger, 77 Ohio St.3d 415, 419, 674 N.E.2d 1159 (1997); see, also, In re: Christian,
4th Dist. Athens No. 04CA10, 2004-Ohio-3146; In re: C.W., 2nd Dist. Montgomery No.
20140, 2004-Ohio-2040.
Twelve Out of Twenty-Two Months
{¶41} The juvenile court determined that pursuant to R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(d),
R.R., J.R., and F.A. were in the temporary custody of CCDJFS for twelve months of a
consecutive twenty-two-month period. Mother does not dispute this fact. This Court has
adopted the position that proof of temporary custody with an agency for twelve or more
months of a consecutive twenty-two-month period alone is sufficient to award permanent
custody. Matter of O.M., 5th Dist. Coshocton No. 20CA0017, 2021-Ohio-1310, 2021 WL
1424200, ¶ 33 citing In the Matter of A.S., V.S., and Z.S., 5th Dist. Delaware No. 13 CAF
050040, 2013-Ohio-4018. Therefore, a finding that grounds existed for permanent
custody cannot be against the manifest weight of the evidence. Matter of L.G., 5th Dist.
Stark No. 2020-CA-00139, 2021-Ohio-743, ¶ 36.
Reasonable Efforts
{¶42} In her first Assignment of Error, Mother contends CCDJFS failed to make
reasonable efforts to eliminate the continued removal of R.R., J.R., and F.A. from her
care. R.C. 2151.419 requires the trial court to determine whether the agency filing the
complaint for custody “has made reasonable efforts * * * to eliminate the continued
removal of the child from his home, or to make it possible for the child to return home.”
Subsection (B)(1) mandates the trial court to issue written findings of fact setting forth the
reasonable efforts made by the agency, including a brief description of “the relevant
Coshocton County, Case No. 2022CA0006 14
services provided by the agency to the family of the child and why those services did not
prevent the removal of the child from his home or enable the child to return home.”
However, even where a trial court has failed to include in its judgment entry, the findings
contemplated by R.C. 2151.419(B)(1) we have found that the ultimate issue is the
reasonableness of the Department's efforts and have concluded those efforts may be
determined from the record. In the matter of Kell/Bess Children, 5th Dist. No. 97CA0278,
1998 WL 401767 (Mar. 23, 1998); Hunt v. Ickes, 5th Dist. Tuscarawas No. 2014 AP 08
0032, 2015-Ohio-309, ¶ 19; In Re: M.M., 5th Dist. Stark No. 2021CA00159, 2022-Ohio-
1569, ¶ 49.
{¶43} The Supreme Court of Ohio noted the following in In re C.F., 113 Ohio St.3d
73, 78, 862 N.E.2d 816 (2007):
[N]o one section of the Revised Code addresses the concept of reasonable
efforts. Overall, Ohio's child-welfare laws are designed to care for and
protect children, ‘whenever possible, in a family environment, separating
the child from the child's parents only when necessary for the child's welfare
or in the interests of public safety.’ R.C. 2151.01(A). To that end, various
sections of the Revised Code refer to the agency's duty to make reasonable
efforts to preserve or reunify the family unit. For example, R.C. 2151. 412
requires the agency to prepare and maintain a case plan for children in
temporary custody with the goal ‘to eliminate with all due speed the need
for the out-of-home placement so that the child can safely return home.’
Under R.C. 2151.413(D)(3)(b), an agency may not file for permanent
custody under R.C. 2151. 413(D) - the ‘12 months out of 22 rule’‘[i]f
Coshocton County, Case No. 2022CA0006 15
reasonable efforts to return the child to the child's home are required under
section 2151. 419’ and the agency has not provided the services required
by the case plan.
In re E.H., 5th Dist. Stark No. 2022CA00007, 2022-Ohio-1682, 2022 WL 1579856, ¶ 91.
{¶44} A “reasonable effort” is “* * * an honest, purposeful effort, free of malice and
the design to defraud or to seek an unconscionable advantage.” In re Weaver, 79 Ohio
App.3d 59, 63, 606 N.E.2d 1011(12th Dist. 1992). The issue is not whether there was
anything more the agency could have done, but whether the agency's case planning and
efforts were reasonable and diligent under the circumstances of the case. In re J.D., 3rd
Dist. Hancock Nos. 5-10-34, 2011-Ohio-1458. The child's health and safety are
paramount in determining whether reasonable efforts were made. In re R.P., 5th Dist.
Tuscarawas No. 2011-Ohio-5378.
{¶45} In its judgment entry granting permanent custody of R.R., J.R., and F.A. to
CCDJFS, the juvenile court noted that CCDJFS had been providing case management
services for Mother as outlined in the case plans since June 2018. As part of their case
plan, Mother and Father were responsible for providing a safe and clean home
environment. A sanitary home environment was especially important for the specialized
health needs of R.R. and F.A. Mother and Father would not allow CCDJFS in their home
for a period of time. When they were allowed in the home, CCDJFS noted the home was
cluttered and smelled of cigarettes and animals. Parents would not permit CCDJFS enter
the basement of the home. It was the responsibility of Mother and Father, not CCDJFS,
to maintain a safe and sanitary home environment for their children.
Coshocton County, Case No. 2022CA0006 16
{¶46} Most of the testimony in this case was about Parents’ challenges during
visitation. Ali Bates, council manager for the Coshocton County Family and Children First
Council, testified about her work with Parents during their supervised visitation. She
testified that she offered parenting coaching to Parents, but they never called. She said
Mother and Father were not receptive to her parenting coaching when it was offered
during visitation. Mother and Father were offered increased visitations on a different day,
but Parents declined, stating that was the day Parents paid bills. The caseworkers noted
this was the longest case they had where the parents failed to progress beyond
supervised visitation.
{¶47} The juvenile court also noted in its judgment entry that CCDJFS
investigated kinship placements, but the potential placements could not pass the home
study process or were unwilling to accept placement for the children.
{¶48} In the instant case, we find there is competent and credible evidence to
support the juvenile court's determination the efforts of CCDJFS to enable the children to
return home were reasonable and diligent under the circumstances of the case.
Best Interests
{¶49} In her third Assignment of Error, Mother contends the juvenile court erred
when it found it was in the best interest of R.R., J.R., and F.A. to be placed in the
permanent custody of CCDJFS.
{¶50} As an appellate court, we neither weigh the evidence nor judge the
credibility of the witnesses. Our role is to determine whether there is relevant, competent,
and credible evidence upon which the fact finder could base its judgment. Cross Truck v.
Jeffries, 5th Dist. Stark No. CA5758 (Feb. 10, 1982). Accordingly, judgments supported
Coshocton County, Case No. 2022CA0006 17
by some competent, credible evidence going to all the essential elements of the case will
not be reversed as being against the manifest weight of the evidence. C.E. Morris Co. v.
Foley Constr., 54 Ohio St.2d 279, 376 N.E.2d 578 (1978).
{¶51} In determining the best interest of the child at a permanent custody hearing,
R.C. 2151.414(D)(1) mandates the trial court must consider all relevant factors, including,
but not limited to, the following: (a) the interaction and interrelationship of the child with
the child's parents, siblings, relatives, foster parents and out-of-home providers, and any
other person who may significantly affect the child; (b) the wishes of the child as
expressed directly by the child or through the child's guardian ad litem, with due regard
for the maturity of the child; (c) the custodial history of the child; (d) the child's need for a
legally secure permanent placement and whether that type of placement can be achieved
without a grant of permanent custody; and (e) whether any of the factors in division (E)(7)
to (11) of R.C. 2151.414 apply in relation to the parents and child.
{¶52} Mother argues the juvenile court did not take into consideration that she had
successfully completed parenting classes, was attending mental health counseling,
maintained employment, and had housing.
{¶53} A child's best interests are served by the child being placed in a permanent
situation that fosters growth, stability, and security. We have frequently noted, “[t]he
discretion which the juvenile court enjoys in determining whether an order of permanent
custody is in the best interest of a child should be accorded the utmost respect, given the
nature of the proceeding and the impact the court's determination will have on the lives
of the parties concerned.” In re E.H., 5th Dist. Stark No. 2022CA00007, 2022-Ohio-1682,
2022 WL 1579856, ¶ 101 quoting In re Mauzy Children, 5th Dist. No. 2000CA00244, 2000
Coshocton County, Case No. 2022CA0006 18
WL 1700073 (Nov. 13, 2000), citing In re Awkal, 85 Ohio App.3d 309, 316, 642 N.E.2d
424 (8th Dist. 1994).
{¶54} In this case, we find there was competent, credible evidence to support the
juvenile court’s decision that it was in the best interest of R.R., J.R., and F.A. to be placed
in the permanent custody of CCDJFS. Multiple witnesses testified this was the longest
case they had where the parents had not progressed from supervised visitation. The
ongoing caseworker and visitation supervisor could not recommend unsupervised
visitation. In the two years that Parents had been engaged in visitation with the children,
the witnesses did not observe any progression in Parents’ parenting skills. The GAL
recommended that permanent custody was in the best interest of the children.
{¶55} The juvenile court conducted an in camera interview with R.R., but that
interview was not provided to this Court on appeal. There was evidence R.R. expressed
that she wished to be reunified with her family. Upon investigation, it appeared that R.R.
wished to be reunified with her sisters, which unfortunately was not in R.R.’s best interests
due to her parentification. The children’s current foster placements were meeting their
specialized health and emotional needs.
{¶56} For these reasons, we find that the juvenile court's determination that
Mother had failed to remedy the issues that caused the initial removal and therefore R.R.,
J.R., and F.A. could not be placed with her within a reasonable time or should not be
placed with her was based upon competent credible evidence and is not against the
manifest weight or sufficiency of the evidence. We further find that the juvenile court's
decision that permanent custody to CCDJFS was in the child's best interest was based
Coshocton County, Case No. 2022CA0006 19
upon competent, credible evidence and is not against the manifest weight or sufficiency
of the evidence.
{¶57} Mother’s first and third Assignments of Error are overruled.
II. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel
{¶58} In her second Assignment of Error, Mother contends she received the
ineffective assistance of counsel for counsel’s failure to request a parenting and/or
psychological assessment. We disagree.
{¶59} To prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant must
demonstrate: (1) deficient performance by counsel, i.e., that counsel's performance fell
below an objective standard of reasonable representation, and (2) that counsel's errors
prejudiced the defendant, i.e., a reasonable probability that but for counsel's errors, the
result of the trial would have been different. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687–
688, 694, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984); State v. Bradley, 42 Ohio St.3d 136,
538 N.E.2d 373 (1989), paragraphs two and three of the syllabus. “Reasonable
probability” is “probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome.” Strickland
at 694, 104 S.Ct. 2052.
{¶60} In support of its case, CCDJFS relied upon Mother’s psychological and
parenting evaluation completed in 2008 and 2011. Mother contends her trial counsel was
ineffective for counsel’s failure to request a timelier psychological evaluation.
{¶61} Dr. Gary Wolfgang conducted the 2011 psychological evaluation of Mother.
He testified at the hearing that his evaluation was based in part on his 2008 psychological
evaluation of Mother. During cross-examination, Mother’s counsel asked Dr. Wolfgang:
Coshocton County, Case No. 2022CA0006 20
Q. And I think you addressed this at the beginning of your testimony, that
your report was 10 years ago. Would you ever treat someone on the basis
of a 10-year-old-report?
A. No, I wouldn’t. * * * I had – I would have recommended, had I been
consulted, that I have at least some opportunity to reinterview the person to
see if the conclusions from the earlier report were still valid.
(T. 300).
{¶62} CCDJFS also introduced Mother’s parenting assessment completed on
March 29, 2019 by Barbara Schwartz LPCC-S with the Chrysalis Counseling Center, Inc.
(JFS Exhibit 13). Barbara Schwartz testified at the hearing and was subject to cross-
examination.
{¶63} Finally, Wendy King, Mother’s mental health provider testified at the hearing
on Mother’s behalf. She spoke as to Mother’s psychological diagnosis and the mental
health treatment Mother was currently receiving. (T. 446).
{¶64} In this case, we find Mother’s trial counsel appropriately provided
evidentiary support for Mother’s mental health status through cross-examination of Dr.
Wolfgang and the direct examination of Wendy King. Further, CCDJFS provided a 2019
parenting assessment of Mother, based on which Mother’s trial counsel cross-examined
the evaluator, Barbara Schwartz.
{¶65} Mother’s trial counsel did not fall below the objective standard of reasonable
representation when counsel did not request a psychological assessment.
{¶66} Mother’s second Assignment of Error is overruled.
Coshocton County, Case No. 2022CA0006 21
CONCLUSION
{¶67} The judgment of the Coshocton County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile
Division, is affirmed.
By: Delaney, J.,
Gwin, P.J. and
Hoffman, J., concur.