State ex rel. Crenshaw v. Maple Hts. Police Dept. , 2022 Ohio 3920 ( 2022 )

[Cite as State ex rel. Crenshaw v. Maple Hts. Police Dept., 2022-Ohio-3920.]
COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
STATE EX[] REL.[] :
MARIAH CRENSHAW,
:
Relator-Appellant,
: No. 111335
v.
:
CITY OF MAPLE HEIGHTS
POLICE DEPARTMENT, :
Respondent-Appellee. :
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
JUDGMENT: REVERSED AND REMANDED
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: November 3, 2022
Civil Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CV-21-953964
Appearances:
Mariah S. Crenshaw, pro se.
Consolo Law Firm Co., LPA, and Frank Consolo, City of
Maple Heights Law Director, for appellee.
EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, P.J.:
Relator-appellant Mariah Crenshaw appeals an order of the Cuyahoga
County Court of Common Pleas dismissing her petition seeking mandamus relief,
statutory damages, spoliation and forfeiture damages, fees and court costs under
R.C. 149.43 and 149.351. Crenshaw’s petition relates to public-records requests she
made to respondent-appellee the City of Maple Heights Police Department.
On this appeal we must decide whether a court can dismiss a public-
records mandamus petition under Civ.R. 12(B)(6) solely because the realtor had one
similar petition previously dismissed for failure to properly caption the action in the
name of the state on relation of the person applying. For the reasons that follow, we
conclude that a court cannot do so and we, therefore, reverse the trial court’s order
dismissing Crenshaw’s petition and remand this matter for further proceedings.
I. Factual and Procedural Background
A. Crenshaw’s Public Records Requests
By letter addressed to the Maple Heights Police Department and dated
June 12, 2019, Mariah Crenshaw requested various personnel and disciplinary
records related to a former police officer pursuant to the Public Records Act,
R.C. 149.43.
By letter addressed to the “Chief Prosecutor for the City of Maple
Heights” and dated June 15, 2019, Crenshaw requested the following two categories
of records pursuant to R.C. 149.43:
1. All cease function letters from the Ohio Attorney General’s Office
Peace Officers [sic] Training Academy received between 2011 to 2018.
2. All reinstatement letters from the Ohio Attorney General Office
Peace Officer’s [sic] Training Academy received between 2011 to 2018.
B. Crenshaw’s First Petition for Mandamus
On February 14, 2020, Crenshaw filed a petition for a writ of mandamus
in the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas. Cuyahoga C.P. No. CV-20-
929426. In the petition, she sought a writ of mandamus to the City of Maple Heights
Police Department (the “City”) compelling it to provide the public records she had
requested; she also sought damages. Her petition was captioned “Mariah Crenshaw
Vs City of Maple Heights Police Department.” The City filed an answer to the
petition on March 18, 2020.
On January 22, 2021, the City moved to dismiss the petition for lack of
subject-matter jurisdiction, arguing that Crenshaw had improperly captioned the
petition by failing to bring the petition in the name of the state.1
On September 30, 2021, the trial court granted the motion to dismiss.
In its journal entry, the trial court set forth the following reasoning:
R.C. 2731.04 requires that an application for a writ of mandamus must
be by petition, in the name of the state on the relation of the person
applying. This failure to properly caption a mandamus action is
sufficient grounds for denying the writ and dismissing the petition.
1 Crenshaw’s first petition, the City’s motion to dismiss it and the trial court’s
dismissal order are not in the appellate record, but these documents are publicly
accessible court records available from the clerk of courts through the internet. Moreover,
the City requested that the trial court review these documents in ruling on its motion to
dismiss Crenshaw’s second petition and Crenshaw requests that we reverse the trial
court’s dismissal of the first petition in this appeal. We, therefore, may properly take
judicial notice of these documents. See, e.g., State v. Bradford, 2017-Ohio-3003,
91 N.E.3d 10, ¶ 3, fn.1, 19 (4th Dist.); Draughon v. Jenkins, 4th Dist. Ross No. 16CA3528,
2016-Ohio-5364, ¶ 26 (“[B]oth the trial court and this court can take judicial notice of
[appellant’s] prior appellate cases, which are readily accessible on the internet.”); State
ex rel. Everhart v. McIntosh, 115 Ohio St.3d 195, 2007-Ohio-4798, 874 N.E.2d 516, ¶ 8,
10 (court can take judicial notice of appropriate matters, including judicial opinions and
public records accessible from the internet).
Brewer v. Cleveland Mun. School Dist., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 84759,
2004-Ohio-2967.
Crenshaw did not appeal the order dismissing her first petition.
C. Crenshaw’s Second Petition for Mandamus and Her Appeal
On October 5, 2021, Crenshaw filed a petition for a writ of mandamus
in the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas, in which she sought to have a writ
of mandamus issue to the City of Maple Heights Police Department compelling it to
provide the same public records she had requested in her first petition. Cuyahoga
C.P. No. CV-21-953964. As in her first petition, she also sought damages, costs and
fees. Her second petition was captioned “State ex. rel., Mariah Crenshaw Vs City of
Maple Heights Police Department.”2
In lieu of an answer, the City moved to dismiss the petition, arguing
that Crenshaw “had an adequate remedy in the ordinary course of the law” because
she could have (1) sought leave to amend her first petition to correct the case caption
or (2) appealed from the trial court’s dismissal of her first petition.
The trial court granted the motion, reasoning as follows:
[Crenshaw] previously filed a petition for writ of mandamus * * *. This
court dismissed that case for failure to comply with the subject matter
jurisdiction requirements of R.C. 2731.04. [Crenshaw] then filed this
action seeking the exact same public records. [Crenshaw] had an
adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law by way of an appeal from
2 Crenshaw’s caption erroneously includes a period after “ex” in the abbreviated
phrase “ex rel.” As a result, the original caption of this case on appeal retained that error.
“Ex rel.” is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase “ex relatione,” and thus there should be no
period after “ex” in the caption. The original caption also erroneously included a comma.
We have corrected these errors in the case caption.
this court’s decision * * *; however she instead filed this action. See[]
State v. Norman, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 23106, 2009-Ohio-165.
Accordingly, this matter is hereby dismissed.
Crenshaw appealed, raising the following two assignments of error for
review:
First Assignment of Error: The trial court abused its discretion in
dismissing the original action in mandamus.
Second Assignment of Error: [The] trial court erred in dismissing the
mandamus a second time with corrections to comply with
[R.C.] 2731.04 per the original court’s dismissal entry without regard
to the merits of the case.
II. Law and Analysis
A. First Assignment of Error
Crenshaw contends that the trial court erred in dismissing her first
mandamus petition.3 We cannot consider the merits of this assignment of error
because Crenshaw did not timely appeal the trial court’s September 30, 2021 order
dismissing her first petition.
Further, the notice of appeal in this case reflects only the case number
of the second petition and the journal entry for that case from which Crenshaw now
appeals.
We, therefore, overrule Crenshaw’s first assignment of error.
3 Cuyahoga C.P. No. CV-20-929426.
B. Second Assignment of Error
Crenshaw contends that the trial court erred in dismissing her second
mandamus petition.4 She argues that the trial court’s dismissal of her first petition
was without prejudice. She says that appealing that dismissal would have been futile
because the dismissal was proper based on a “fatal error” in the case caption. We
agree that the court erred in dismissing her second petition.
Preliminarily, we note that the City did not cite any rule of civil
procedure in its motion to dismiss the second petition; the trial court did not cite
any rule of civil procedure in its dismissal order, either. We construe the City’s
motion as a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim.
The City, prior to answering the petition, challenged whether
Crenshaw could satisfy what the City says is one of the necessary elements for the
relief she seeks. Therefore, we construe the City’s motion as a motion to dismiss for
failure to state a claim under Civ.R. 12(B)(6). See State ex rel. Rice v. Wolaver, 2d
Dist. Greene No. 2015 CA 0031, 2016-Ohio-320, ¶ 3 (construing a motion to dismiss
a mandamus petition on the grounds that an adequate remedy exists as a
Civ.R. 12(B)(6) motion); State ex rel. Steinle v. Dewey, 6th Dist. Sandusky No. S-15-
016, 2015-Ohio-3618, ¶ 6 (construing a motion to dismiss a mandamus petition as
a Civ.R. 12(B)(6) motion); McDuffey v. Mohr, 73 Ohio App.3d 191, 194, fn.1, 596
N.E.2d 1068 (4th Dist.1991) (same).
4 Cuyahoga C.P. No. CV-21-953964.
We review rulings on Civ.R. 12(B)(6) motions to dismiss under a de
novo standard. “A motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim upon which relief
can be granted is procedural and tests the sufficiency of the complaint. Under a de
novo analysis, we must accept all factual allegations of the complaint as true and all
reasonable inferences must be drawn in favor of the nonmoving party.” (Citation
omitted.) NorthPoint Properties, Inc. v. Petticord, 179 Ohio App.3d 342, 2008-
Ohio-5996, 901 N.E.2d 869, ¶ 11 (8th Dist.). “For a trial court to grant a motion to
dismiss for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, it must appear
‘beyond doubt from the complaint that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts entitling
her to relief.’” Graham v. Lakewood, 2018-Ohio-1850, 113 N.E.3d 44, ¶ 47 (8th
Dist.), quoting Grey v. Walgreen Co., 197 Ohio App.3d 418, 2011-Ohio-6167, 967
N.E.2d 1249, ¶ 3 (8th Dist.).
Here, the City’s sole contention in support of its motion to dismiss
was that Crenshaw “had an adequate remedy in the ordinary course of the law”
because she could have (1) sought leave to amend her first petition to correct the
case caption prior to dismissal or (2) appealed from the trial court’s dismissal of her
first petition. The City’s sole argument on appeal is that the trial court was correct
to dismiss the petition on that basis. We need not consider any evidence outside the
petition to consider the motion because, in relevant part, Crenshaw alleged in her
petition that she previously sought mandamus to obtain these alleged public records
and that the trial court dismissed her first petition because she failed to caption it in
the name of the state.
Mandamus is a writ that is issued in the name of the state. See
R.C. 2731.01. Therefore, when a person requests that a court issue a writ of
mandamus, their “[a]pplication for the writ * * * must be by petition, in the name of
the state on the relation of the person applying * * *.” (Emphasis added.)
R.C. 2731.04; see also State ex rel. Huston v. Commrs. of Perry Cty., 5 Ohio St. 497,
502 (1856) (“In the United States [the writ] has always been issued in the name of
the sovereignty by which it has been authorized. * * * From the nature of the remedy,
this suit, then, is properly prosecuted in the name of the State.”).
The City characterizes this requirement as jurisdictional, but that is
not correct; the requirement is not jurisdictional. See Salemi v. Cleveland
Metroparks, 145 Ohio St.3d 408, 2016-Ohio-1192, 49 N.E.3d 1296, ¶ 15. A failure
to properly bring a mandamus action in the name of the state is a waivable defect.
See id. at ¶ 13; see also Peterbilt of Northwest Ohio v. Caltrider, 3d Dist. Hancock
No. 5-99-42, 2000 Ohio App. LEXIS 249, 8-9 (Jan. 31, 2000); Smithberger v.
Woodsfield, 7th Dist. Monroe No. 565, 1983 Ohio App. LEXIS 14209, 2–3 (June 10,
1983).
Nevertheless, where an objection to the defect is raised — as here — a
realtor’s failure to seek leave to correct the caption is grounds for dismissal of the
mandamus action. Blankenship v. Blackwell, 103 Ohio St.3d 567, 2004-Ohio-5596,
817 N.E.2d 382, ¶ 36; see also Nikooyi v. Cuyahoga Cty. Prosecuting Dept., 8th
Dist. Cuyahoga No. 109716, 2020-Ohio-3730, ¶ 7. A dismissal on this basis is not
on the merits; it is based on a pleading deficiency. See Blankenship at ¶ 35 (“[W]hen
a failure to comply with R.C. 2731.04 is raised * * * we have granted leave to amend
so as to resolve cases on the merits rather than on a pleading deficiency.”).
The question in this appeal is what effect such a dismissal has on a
subsequent public-records mandamus petition that corrects the pleading deficiency.
The City argues that if a public-records mandamus realtor fails to
correct their first petition after an objection is raised, and if the trial court ultimately
dismisses the first petition as defective, then the realtor’s recourse is to appeal.
According to the City, if the realtor does not appeal then they cannot bring a
subsequent petition correcting the caption. In support of its argument, the City
points to an opinion from a panel of the Second District Court of Appeals — Norman,
2d Dist. Montgomery No. 23106, 2009-Ohio-165.
In Norman, a litigant filed a petition for a writ of mandamus in the
trial court seeking records from a criminal case in which he was a defendant.
Norman at ¶ 3. The trial court denied the petition and the litigant filed a similar
petition for mandamus in the court of appeals. Id. at ¶ 1-3. The court of appeals
dismissed the second petition based on several fatal defects, including that the
litigant had failed to appeal the denial of his first petition. Id. at ¶ 5. The court
reasoned that “an action in mandamus is not a substitute for an appeal” and
therefore, the litigant’s failure to appeal the trial court’s denial of his first petition
precluded mandamus relief. Id. at ¶ 6.
We find Norman to be distinguishable. First, the litigant’s second
petition in Norman contained several fatal defects, including that it was incorrectly
captioned. Id. at ¶ 8-9. Therefore, the fact that the litigant failed to appeal was an
alternative basis for dismissal of his second petition. Here, the trial court’s sole basis
for dismissing Crenshaw’s second petition is that she did not appeal the dismissal of
her first petition. Second, it is not clear on what basis the trial court in Norman
denied the litigant’s first petition, that is to say whether the denial was based on a
failure to properly caption the petition or whether the denial was on the merits.
Here, the trial court’s first dismissal was based solely on the incorrect case caption
and its second dismissal was based on its first dismissal and Crenshaw’s decision
not to appeal.
With due respect to, and after consideration of, the nonbinding
conclusion reached in Norman, we conclude that a court cannot dismiss a petition
for a writ of mandamus seeking public records pursuant to the Public Records Act
solely because one similar petition was previously dismissed for failure to bring the
action in the name of the state on relation of the person applying.
The requisites for mandamus are well established. In most
circumstances, they are: (1) the realtor must establish a clear legal right to the
requested relief; (2) the realtor must establish that the respondent is under a clear
legal duty to perform the requested act and (3) the realtor possesses no other
adequate remedy in the ordinary course of the law. E.g., State ex rel. Ney v.
Niehaus, 33 Ohio St.3d 118, 118-119, 515 N.E.2d 914 (1987).
The City, relying on these requisites, argues that Crenshaw had an
“adequate remedy in the ordinary course of the law” because she could have moved
for leave to amend her first petition when the defect was raised and because she
could have appealed the trial court’s dismissal of that petition. The trial court seems
to have agreed, dismissing Crenshaw’s second petition because she “had an
adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law by way of an appeal from this court’s
decision * * *.”
The problem with the trial court’s reasoning and the City’s argument
is that public-records mandamus actions are different than other mandamus actions
in that ‘“[r]elators in public-records mandamus cases need not establish the lack of
an adequate remedy in the ordinary course of the law.”’ State ex rel. Data Trace
Information Servs., LLC v. Cuyahoga Cty. Fiscal Officer, 131 Ohio St.3d 255, 2012-
Ohio-753, 963 N.E.2d 1288, ¶ 25, quoting State ex rel. Am. Civ. Liberties Union of
Ohio v. Cuyahoga Cty. Bd. of Commrs., 128 Ohio St.3d 256, 2011-Ohio-625, 943
N.E.2d 553, ¶ 24. This is so because the Public Records Act provides that mandamus
is the appropriate remedy to compel compliance with the Act. State ex rel. Data
Trace Information Servs. at ¶ 25; R.C. 149.43(C)(1).
Therefore, whether Crenshaw had an adequate remedy in the
ordinary course of the law is not an issue as it relates to her second petition. See
State ex rel. Crenshaw v. King, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 111093, 2021-Ohio-4433,
¶ 16. Because Crenshaw need not demonstrate a lack of an adequate remedy in this
public-records action, it was error for the trial court to dismiss her petition for failure
to do so.5
Our finding of error does not end the inquiry, as “a reviewing court is
not authorized to reverse a correct judgment merely because it was reached for the
wrong reason.” E.g., State v. Hale, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 103654, 2016-Ohio-
5837, ¶ 15. A judgment that “‘achieves the right result for the wrong reason”’ is not
prejudicial and will be affirmed. O’Neal v. State, 2020-Ohio-506, 146 N.E.3d 605,
¶ 20 (10th Dist.), quoting Reynolds v. Budzik, 134 Ohio App.3d 844, 846 fn.3, 732
N.E.2d 485 (6th Dist.1999).
Here, though, the City has offered us no alternative basis upon which
the court’s dismissal can be affirmed. We have independently reviewed Crenshaw’s
petition during our de novo review. At this very early stage of the proceedings,
accepting all factual allegations as true and drawing all reasonable inferences in
Crenshaw’s favor, and where the City has not alleged any other deficiency in the
petition and Crenshaw has not had an opportunity to respond to any such claimed
deficiency, we cannot say that it is ‘“beyond doubt”’ that she can prove no set of facts
entitling her to relief. Lakewood, 2018-Ohio-1850, 113 N.E.3d 44, at ¶ 47, quoting
Grey, 197 Ohio App.3d 418, 2011-Ohio-6167, 967 N.E.2d 1249, at ¶ 3.
5We need not consider in this appeal whether, in contexts other than the Public
Records Act, the ability to seek leave to correct a mandamus petition’s caption or to appeal
a dismissal for failure to properly caption a mandamus petition present an “adequate
remedy” precluding relief by way of a subsequent, similar petition that corrects the
pleading deficiency.
We therefore sustain Crenshaw’s second assignment of error.
III. Conclusion
Having sustained Crenshaw’s second assignment of error for the
reasons stated above, we reverse the trial court’s dismissal of Crenshaw’s mandamus
petition in Case No. CV-21-953964 and remand this matter for further proceedings
consistent with this opinion.
It is ordered that the realtor-appellant recover from the respondent-appellee
the costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the
Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
____________
EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, PRESIDING JUDGE
CORNELIUS J. O’SULLIVAN, JR., J., and
GENE A. ZMUDA, J.,* CONCUR
*(Sitting by assignment: Gene A. Zmuda, J., of the Sixth District Court of Appeals.)