Crenshaw v. Jones , 2022 Ohio 3913 ( 2022 )

[Cite as Crenshaw v. Jones, 2022-Ohio-3913.]
COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
MARIAH CRENSHAW, :
Plaintiff-Appellant, :
No. 110838
v. :
DENISE SERENA JONES, :
Defendant-Appellee. :
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
JUDGMENT: REVERSED AND REMANDED
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: November 3, 2022
Civil Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CV-21-947902
Appearances:
Mariah Crenshaw, pro se.
CORNELIUS J. O’SULLIVAN, JR., J.:
Plaintiff-appellant Mariah Crenshaw appeals from the trial court’s
September 17, 2021 judgment granting defendant-appellee, Denise Serena Jones’s
motion for judgment on the pleadings. After careful review of the pertinent facts
and law, we reverse.
Appellant filed this action against appellee in May 2021. The cause of
action in the complaint is “telecommunications harassment (i.e., cyberbullying,
slander, defamation, and libel.” Appellant alleges that appellee “has since January 1,
2021 posted numerous slanderous, libelous, and defaming statements on social
media multiple times a day with intent to harass, annoy, and embarrass [her] in
violation of R.C. 2739.01.” Appellant further alleged that appellee’s “conduct has
been nonstop harassment, bullying and intimidation * * * in violation of Ohio
Revised Code 2917.21(B)(1).”
Appellee answered appellant’s complaint, denying the allegations, and
set forth the following affirmative defenses: failure to state a claim upon which relief
can be granted, failure to join necessary parties, failure to mitigate damages, and
release and waiver.
In August 2021, appellee filed a Civ.R. 12(C) motion for judgment on
the pleadings, contending that appellant “has alleged that [appellee] committed acts
against a third party, not [appellant], and this clearly shows that [appellant] has no
standing to bring this cause of action.” Appellee further contended that appellant
alleged appellee “committed speculative acts, and not actual controversies.” The
trial court granted appellee’s motion, finding that appellant failed to state a claim
upon which relief can be granted. Appellant raises the following two assignments of
error for our review:
I. The trial court erred in granting a [Civ.R.]12[(C)] motion when
the pleadings had not closed.
II. The trial court erred in granting the motion on grounds of failure
to state a claim upon which relief can be granted.
We find the second assignment of error dispositive of this appeal.
A Civ.R. 12(C) motion for judgment on the pleadings presents questions
of law, the determination of which is restricted solely to the allegations in the
pleadings and any writings attached to the pleadings. Peterson v. Teodosio, 34
Ohio St.2d 161, 297 N.E.2d 113 (1973). A motion for judgment on the pleadings is
limited to the pleadings and can be granted when the court, after construing the
pleadings most favorably to the nonmoving party, finds beyond doubt that the
nonmoving party could prove no set of facts in support of a claim for relief.
State ex rel. Midwest Pride IV, Inc. v. Pontious, 75 Ohio St.3d 565, 570, 664 N.E.2d
931 (1996). Appellate review of motions for judgment on the pleadings is de novo.
Perrysburg Twp. v. Rossford, 103 Ohio St.3d 79, 2004-Ohio-4362, 814 N.E.2d 44,
¶ 5.
Ohio is a “notice-pleading” state. See Civ.R. 8(A)(1). Civ.R. 8(A)
requires a “short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is
entitled to relief, and a demand for judgment for the relief to which the party claims
to be entitled.” Thus, because Ohio is a notice-pleading state, “Ohio law does not
ordinarily require a plaintiff to plead operative facts with particularity.” Cincinnati
v. Beretta U.S.A. Corp., 95 Ohio St.3d 416, 2002-Ohio-2480, 768 N.E.2d 1136, ¶ 29.
Under the notice pleading requirements of Civ.R. 8(A)(1), appellant is only required
to plead sufficient, operative facts to support recovery under her claims. Dottore v.
Vorys, Sater, Seymour & Pease, L.L.P., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 98861, 2014-Ohio-
25, ¶ 119. However, to constitute fair notice to the opposing party, the complaint
must still allege sufficient underlying facts that relate to and support the alleged
claim and may not simply state legal conclusions. Id.When discussing Ohio’s pleading standard, this court has stated that
“‘few complaints fail to meet the liberal [pleading] standards of Rule 8 and become
subject to dismissal,’” and that “‘the motion to dismiss is viewed with disfavor and
should rarely be granted.’” Tuleta v. Med. Mut. of Ohio, 2014-Ohio-396, 6 N.E.3d
106, ¶ 15 (8th Dist.), quoting Slife v. Kundtz Properties, Inc., 40 Ohio App.2d 179,
182, 318 N.E.2d 557 (8th Dist.1974). This court has also noted that “[f]airness and
justice are best served when a court disposes of a case on the merits.” Goehringer
v. Cuyahoga Cty. Welfare Dept., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 46700, 1983 Ohio App.
LEXIS 14463, 4 (Nov. 17, 1983).
In her complaint, appellant cites causes of action under R.C. 2739.01
and 2917.21(B)(1). R.C. 2739.01 governs libel and slander and provides as follows:
In an action for a libel or slander, it is sufficient to state, generally, that
the defamatory matter was published or spoken of the plaintiff. If the
allegation is denied, the plaintiff must prove the facts, showing that the
defamatory matter was published or spoken of him [or her]. In such
action it is not necessary to set out any obscene word, but it is sufficient
to state its import.
R.C. 2739.01.
It is not required that a complaint in a libel action contain the exact
wording of the alleged defamatory matter. Petransky v. Vindicator Ptg. Co., 1935
Ohio Misc. LEXIS 1136 (7th Dist.1935).
In this case, appellant alleged that appellee, “since January 1, 2021[,]
posted numerous slanderous, libelous, and defaming statements on social media
multiple times a day with intent to harass, annoy, and embarrass [appellant] in
violation of R.C. 2739.01.” Taking these allegations as true, we find that they are
sufficient to survive a Civ.R. 12(C) motion for judgment on the pleadings.
R.C. 2917.21(B)(1) governs telecommunications harassment and
provides as follows:
No person shall make or cause to be made a telecommunication, or
permit a telecommunication to be made from a telecommunications
device under the person’s control, with purpose to abuse, threaten, or
harass another person.
R.C. 2917.21(B)(1).
Appellant alleges in her complaint that appellee’s “conduct has been
nonstop harassment, bullying and intimidation”; that appellee “has enlisted family
and friends to engage in telecommunications harassment of [appellant] on social
media”; and that appellee “has been persistent in her efforts by posting images on
the internet intended to disturb [appellant].” Taking these allegations as true, we
find that they are sufficient to survive a Civ.R. 12(C) motion for judgment on the
pleadings.
We therefore find that the trial court erred in granting appellee’s
motion for judgment on the pleadings and sustain appellant’s second assignment of
error. The first assignment of error is moot, and we decline to address it. See
App.R. 12(A)(1)(c).
Judgment reversed; case remanded for further proceedings consistent
with this opinion.
It is ordered that appellant recover from appellee costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate be sent to the common pleas court to carry
this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
______________________________
CORNELIUS J. O’SULLIVAN, JR., JUDGE
EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, P.J., and
GENE A. ZMUDA, J.,* CONCUR
*(Sitting by assignment: Gene A. Zmuda, J., of the Sixth District Court of Appeals.)