State v. Hudson , 2019 Ohio 5136 ( 2019 )

[Cite as State v. Hudson, 2019-Ohio-5136.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
TENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
State of Ohio, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
No. 18AP-924
v. : (C.P.C. No. 17CR-5869)
Michael A. Hudson, : (REGULAR CALENDAR)
Defendant-Appellant. :
D E C I S I O N
Rendered on December 12, 2019
On brief: Ron O'Brien, Prosecuting Attorney, and
Barbara A. Farnbacher, for appellee.
On brief: Brian J. Rigg, for appellant.
APPEAL from the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas
KLATT, P.J.
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, Michael A. Hudson, appeals from a judgment of the
Franklin County Court of Common Pleas convicting him, following entry of a guilty plea, to
one count of obstructing official business. Before this court is a counseled brief filed
pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967). For the reasons outlined below, we
affirm the judgment of the trial court.
{¶ 2} On October 27, 2017, a Franklin County Grand Jury indicted appellant on two
counts of assault in violation of R.C. 2903.13, both felonies of the fourth degree, and one
count of obstructing official business in violation of R.C. 2921.31, a felony of the fifth degree.
The charges arose out of an October 18, 2017 incident involving an altercation between
appellant and two Columbus police officers.
Nos. 18AP-924 2
{¶ 3} During the course of the criminal proceedings, the issue of appellant's
competency arose. As a result, the trial court ordered appellant to submit to a psychiatric
evaluation at Netcare Forensic Psychiatry Center. Following that evaluation, the trial court
held an evidentiary hearing on September 12, 2018 to determine appellant's competency.
The parties stipulated to the results of the competency evaluation, which found appellant
competent to stand trial. Based upon that stipulation and its own observations of
appellant's demeanor during the criminal proceedings, the trial court found appellant
competent to stand trial.
{¶ 4} On the same day, appellant entered a plea of guilty to one count of obstructing
official business as charged in the indictment in exchange for a nolle prosequi on the assault
charges. According to the prosecution's recitation of facts at the plea hearing, on
October 18, 2017, Officers Derdzinski and Nowalk were dispatched to transport a vehicle
from the scene of a reported assault on Marion Road. During the investigation, appellant
was handcuffed and placed in the rear of a police cruiser. In an effort to mollify appellant's
complaints of pain in his back and shoulders, the officers put two sets of handcuffs on him
so the handcuffs would not be so tight. During this process, appellant managed to slip the
handcuffs to the front of his body. The officers then opened the rear door of the cruiser,
and a struggle ensued. When appellant bit the arm of one of the officers, the other officer
removed appellant from the cruiser and attempted to gain control of him by placing him on
the ground. Appellant and that officer engaged in a scuffle which resulted in the officer
being struck in the left leg. The officers eventually gained control of appellant and
transported him to jail.
{¶ 5} Following the recitation of facts and a Crim.R. 11 colloquy, the trial court
found appellant guilty of one count of obstructing official business, ordered a presentence
investigation ("PSI"), and set a sentencing date. At the November 1, 2018 sentencing
hearing, the parties and the trial court discussed much of the information contained in the
PSI report, including the fact that appellant was currently awaiting trial in the Franklin
County Municipal Court on charges of assault and aggravated menacing stemming from an
alleged domestic violence incident that immediately preceded, and was the apparent
impetus for, the incident involving the officers in the instant case. The court and the parties
also discussed appellant's interview with the PSI writer, during which appellant expressed
Nos. 18AP-924 3
hostility toward police officers, stating, among other things, that "I understand why people
shoot cops in the face at stop signs now." (Nov. 1, 2018 Sentencing Tr. at 10; PSI report at
14.) The court expressed apprehension about this comment, particularly noting concerns
about police safety and the negative impression such a comment might have on appellant's
ten-year old child. The court also noted that appellant was currently attending weekly
mental health treatment sessions. In this regard, the PSI report indicated that appellant
admitted that he had been diagnosed with "extreme depression and anxiety." (PSI report
at 11.) Although not discussed extensively at the sentencing hearing, the PSI report also
indicated that appellant was incarcerated at the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and
Correction from May 1997 to August 2006 following convictions for felonious assault,
breaking and entering, and vandalism, all felonies. During the course of the sentencing
hearing, counsel for appellant advocated for the imposition of community control sanctions
rather than prison time. In contrast, the prosecution requested that the trial court impose
a term of imprisonment.
{¶ 6} At the conclusion of the sentencing hearing, the trial court imposed a four-
year period of community control under direct placement and intensive supervision on the
mental health caseload, provided appellant had no new convictions. The court also ordered
that appellant abide by the rules and regulations of the probation department, stay linked
with mental health treatment and follow any recommended treatment, and possess no
firearms. The trial court memorialized its judgment in an entry filed November 2, 2018.
{¶ 7} Through his appointed appellate counsel, appellant filed a timely appeal to
this court. Counsel advised this court that he had reviewed the record and could not find a
meritorious claim for appeal. As a result, counsel filed a brief pursuant to Anders and, by
a notice filed on April 19, 2019, certified that a copy of the appellate brief was mailed to
appellant. In a journal entry filed April 29, 2019, this court notified appellant of his right
to file a supplemental brief and granted counsel's January 22, 2019 motion to withdraw as
counsel. Appellant did not file a supplemental brief. Accordingly, the matter is before this
court upon the Anders brief filed by appellant's former appellate counsel and the response
brief filed by plaintiff-appellee, State of Ohio.
{¶ 8} In Anders, the United States Supreme Court held that if, after a conscientious
examination of the record, appellate counsel concludes that a defendant's case is wholly
Nos. 18AP-924 4
frivolous, counsel should so advise the court and request permission to withdraw. Id. at
744. Counsel must accompany the request to withdraw with a brief outlining anything in
the record that arguably could support the defendant's appeal. Id. Counsel must also:
(1) furnish the defendant with a copy of the brief and request to withdraw; and (2) allow the
defendant sufficient time to raise any matters the defendant chooses. Id.{¶ 9} Upon receipt of an Anders brief, an appellate court must conduct an
examination of the proceedings in order to determine whether the case is wholly frivolous.
Id. After full review of the proceedings below, if the appellate court finds only frivolous
issues on appeal, it then may proceed to address the merits of the case without affording
the defendant the assistance of counsel. Id. If, however, the appellate court concludes that
there are non-frivolous issues for appeal, the court must afford the defendant the assistance
of counsel to address those issues. Id.{¶ 10} In his Anders brief, appellant's former appellate counsel set forth the
following potential assignment of error for our review:
There is no non[-]frivolous issue regarding defendant-
appellant's sentence.
{¶ 11} "An appellate court will not reverse a trial court's sentencing decision unless
the evidence is clear and convincing that either the record does not support the sentence or
that the sentence is contrary to law." State v. Maxwell, 10th Dist. No. 18AP-341, 2019-
Ohio-2191, ¶ 6. See also State v. Marcum, 146 Ohio St.3d 516, 2016-Ohio-1002, ¶ 1 ("an
appellate court may vacate or modify a felony sentence on appeal only if it determines by
clear and convincing evidence that the record does not support the trial court's findings
under relevant statutes or that the sentence is otherwise contrary to law"). " 'In determining
whether a sentence is contrary to law, an appellate court must review the record to
determine whether the trial court considered the appropriate statutory factors, made the
required findings, gave the reasons for its findings, and properly applied the statutory
guidelines.' " Maxwell at ¶ 6, quoting State v. Maxwell, 10th Dist. No. 02AP-1271, 2004-
Ohio-5660, ¶ 27. "Clear and convincing evidence is that measure or degree of proof which
is more than a mere 'preponderance of the evidence,' but not to the extent of such certainty
as is required 'beyond a reasonable doubt' in criminal cases, and which will produce in the
mind of the trier of facts a firm belief or conviction as to the facts sought to be established."
Nos. 18AP-924 5
Marcum at ¶ 22, quoting Cross v. Ledford, 161 Ohio St. 469 (1954). A sentence is not
clearly and convincingly contrary to law where the record reflects that the trial court
considered the purposes of R.C. 2929.11, weighed the seriousness and recidivism factors
listed in R.C. 2929.12, and imposed a sentence within the permissible statutory range. State
v. Gore, 10th Dist. No. 15AP-686, 2016-Ohio-7667, ¶ 8.
{¶ 12} "In sentencing a felony offender, the trial court must consider the overriding
purposes of sentencing, which are 'to protect the public from future crime by the offender
and others and to punish the offender using the minimum sanctions that the court
determines accomplish those purposes without imposing an unnecessary burden on state
or local government.' " State v. Wilburn, 10th Dist. No. 17AP-602, 2018-Ohio-1917, ¶ 7,
quoting R.C. 2929.11(A). "This requires consideration of 'the need for incapacitating the
offender, deterring the offender and others from future crime, rehabilitating the offender,
and making restitution to the victim of the offense, the public, or both.' " Id., quoting R.C.
2929.11(A). "Further, pursuant to R.C. 2929.12(A), the court must consider the factors set
forth in R.C. 2929.12(B) and (C) relating to the seriousness of the offender's conduct, as
well as the factors set forth in R.C. 2929.12(D) and (E) relating to the likelihood of
recidivism, along with any other relevant factors." Id.{¶ 13} The record in this case affirmatively demonstrates that the trial court
considered R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12. In its judgment entry, the court noted that it "has
considered the purposes and principles of sentencing set forth in R.C. 2929.11 and the
factors set forth in R.C. 2929.12." (Jgmt. Entry at 1.) Such language in a judgment entry
by itself belies an offender's claim that the trial court failed to consider the purposes and
principles of sentencing set forth in R.C. 2929.11 and the R.C. 2929.12 factors regarding the
seriousness of the offender's conduct and the likelihood of recidivism. Id. at ¶ 8-9.
{¶ 14} Further, " ' [i]f in sentencing an offender for a felony the court is not required
to impose a prison term, a mandatory prison term, or a term of life imprisonment upon the
offender,' the trial court may impose one or more community control sanctions, including
residential, nonresidential, and financial sanctions, and any other conditions that it
considers 'appropriate.' " State v. Ettenger, 10th Dist. No. 18AP-326, 2019-Ohio-2085, ¶ 7,
quoting 2929.15(A)(1); State v. Talty, 103 Ohio St.3d 177, 2004-Ohio-4888, ¶ 10. "The law
favors the imposition of sentences composed of one or more community-control sanctions,
Nos. 18AP-924 6
particularly for low-level felonies." State v. Amos, 140 Ohio St.3d 238, 2014-Ohio-3160,
¶ 10. "The policy favoring community-control sanctions is a reflection of the general policy
in R.C. 2929.11(A) that a sentence should be composed of the 'minimum sanctions'
necessary to protect the public and punish individuals while not placing an 'unnecessary
burden' on state and local resources." Id. The duration of all community control sanctions
imposed on an offender may not exceed five years. R.C. 2929.15(A)(1); State v. Asher, 1st
Dist. No. C-180163, 2019-Ohio-1317, ¶ 10.
{¶ 15} A trial court has broad discretion in imposing community control sanctions.
Ettenger at ¶ 8. Accordingly, an appellate court reviews a trial court's imposition of
community control sanctions under an abuse of discretion standard. Id. at ¶ 7. An abuse
of discretion connotes a decision that was unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable. Id.,
citing Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219 (1983).
{¶ 16} However, a trial court's discretion in imposing community control sanctions
is not without limit. Id. at ¶ 8. Community control sanctions must reasonably relate to the
goals of community control, i.e., rehabilitation, administering justice, and ensuring good
behavior. Id., citing Talty at ¶ 16. Moreover, community control sanctions " 'cannot be
overly broad so as to unnecessarily impinge upon the probationer's liberty.' " Id., quoting
State v. Jones, 49 Ohio St.3d 51, 52 (1990).
{¶ 17} The community control sanctions imposed here are not so overly broad as to
unnecessarily impinge upon appellant's liberty, and they reasonably relate to the goals of
community control regarding rehabilitation, the administration of justice, and ensuring
good behavior. As noted above, the prosecution argued that appellant should serve a term
of imprisonment for his offense; the trial court rejected that request in favor of
nonresidential community control sanctions. R.C. 2929.17 provides a nonexhaustive list of
nonresidential sanctions, including "[a] term of intensive probation supervision." R.C.
2929.17(E). Here, the trial court imposed a four-year term of intensive supervision on the
mental health docket and ordered that appellant continue with mental health treatment.
Both conditions are reasonable given that appellant was referred for psychiatric evaluation
early in the proceedings and that appellant admitted to having mental health issues and
was receiving treatment for those mental health issues. The trial court's sanction
prohibiting appellant from possessing a firearm was also reasonable, given his statement
Nos. 18AP-924 7
in the PSI report that he understood why people shoot police officers and given his prior
conviction for three felony offenses. Finally, we note that the trial court imposed only four
years of community control, which is less than the statutory maximum permitted under
R.C. 2929.15(A)(1).
{¶ 18} Having reviewed the entire record, including, but not limited to the
transcripts of the plea and sentencing hearings and the PSI report, we conclude that the
sentence appellant received was supported by the record and was not contrary to law.
Accordingly, we find no merit to appellant's sole potential assignment of error.
{¶ 19} After our independent review of the record, we are unable to find any non-
frivolous issues for appeal, and we agree with appellant's former appellate counsel and
appellee that the issues raised in the Anders brief are not meritorious. Accordingly, we
affirm the judgment of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas.
Judgment affirmed.
LUPER SCHUSTER and BEATTY BLUNT, JJ., concur.