State v. Tolbert , 103 N.E.3d 245 ( 2017 )

[Cite as State v. Tolbert, 2017-Ohio-9159.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
No. 105326
STATE OF OHIO
PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT
vs.
REGINALD TOLBERT
DEFENDANT-APPELLEE
JUDGMENT:
AFFIRMED
Criminal Appeal from the
Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case Nos. CR-07-498281-A, CR-07-498417-A, and CR-07-501690-B
BEFORE: Boyle, J., E.T. Gallagher, P.J., and Laster Mays, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: December 21, 2017
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT
Michael C. O’Malley
Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
BY: Brett Hammond
Katherine Mullin
Assistant County Prosecutors
Justice Center, 9th Floor
1200 Ontario Street
Cleveland, Ohio 44113
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Timothy Young
Ohio Public Defender
BY: Allen Vender
Andrew David Hartman
Assistant State Public Defenders
250 East Broad Street, Suite 1400
Columbus, Ohio 43215
MARY J. BOYLE, J.:
{¶1} This court granted plaintiff-appellant state of Ohio leave to appeal this case
after the trial court vacated defendant-appellee Reginald Tolbert’s postrelease control.
The state raises two assignments of error for our review:
1. The trial court erred when it granted defendant’s motion to vacate
postrelease control. To impose valid postrelease control, the language in
the sentencing entry may incorporate the advisements given during the
sentencing hearing by referencing the postrelease control sections of the
Ohio Revised Code and do not need to repeat what was said during the
sentencing hearing.
2. The requirement that a trial court must journalize the specific
requirements of postrelease control is based upon legal precedent that
should not be retroactively applied in this case.
{¶2} In this appeal, the state acknowledges that under current precedent in the
Eighth District, the postrelease-control notification was invalid because the trial court did
not include the “specific consequences of violating postrelease control in the sentencing
journal entry.” The state contends, however, that this precedent was decided in error and
should be overruled.
{¶3} Finding no merit to the state’s appeal, we affirm the judgment of the trial
court.
I. Procedural History
{¶4} In late 2007, Tolbert was sentenced to six years in prison for three separate
cases: Cuyahoga C.P. No CR-07-498281-A, Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-07-498417-A, and
Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-07-501690-B. In each of these cases, the trial court stated the
following in the sentencing entries regarding postrelease control:
Postrelease control is part of this prison sentence for 3 years for the above
felony(s) under R.C. 2967.28.
{¶5} Tolbert was released from prison in these cases on May 13, 2013. At that
time, he was placed on three years of postrelease control.
{¶6} On December 13, 2013, Tolbert was convicted of receiving stolen property
in Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-13-577719-A. He was sentenced to six months in prison and
advised that upon his release, he may be placed on postrelease control for up to three
years.
{¶7} Tolbert was released from prison in CR-13-577719-A on May 15, 2014.
Upon his release, the Adult Parole Authority (“APA”) chose not to place him on
postrelease control for this case. Instead, the APA placed Tolbert on postrelease control
for the time remaining in his 2007 cases, which was 2.44 years. When Tolbert filed his
motion to vacate postrelease control, he was “serving a prison sanction for violating” the
terms of his 2007 postrelease control.
{¶8} When Tolbert filed his motion to vacate postrelease control, the state and
Tolbert filed a joint statement of justiciability with the trial court along with Tolbert’s
motion to vacate because Tolbert had previously filed a motion to vacate postrelease
control that the state opposed, believing that Tolbert was on postrelease control from his
2013 case. When the state learned that Tolbert was actually on postrelease control from
his 2007 cases, it conceded that the issue was not moot and joined with Tolbert to file the
statement of justiciability. The state further acknowledged to the trial court “that current
binding precedent in the Eighth District Court of Appeals supports Tolbert’s arguments.”
But the state opposed Tolbert’s motion “for purposes of further appellate review.”
{¶9} After the trial court granted Tolbert’s motion to vacate his postrelease
control, the state moved this court for leave to appeal, asserting that the appeal “presents
this court with a question of public and general interest.” The state further explained
that “this exact proposition of law” was currently under review by the Ohio Supreme
Court in State v. Grimes, Supreme Court Case No. 2016-0215, and that “Grimes will be
dispositive of the substantive issue in the instant case.” Because the state believed that
Grimes would be dispositive of the issues in this appeal, it requested this court “to accept
jurisdiction in this case until the Supreme Court of Ohio render[ed] its decision in
Grimes.” This court granted the state leave to appeal and held the case until the Ohio
Supreme Court issued its decision in Grimes, which it did so on May 24, 2017. See
State v. Grimes, 151 Ohio St.3d 19, 2017-Ohio-2927.
{¶10} Because the state and Tolbert filed their briefs with this court before the
Supreme Court decided Grimes, this court sua sponte issued an order asking Tolbert “to
determine whether the recently announced decision [in Grimes] is applicable to this
appeal and further determine whether the appellee concedes assignment of error one.” If
Tolbert conceded the error, we ordered him to file a notice of conceded error by a date
certain.
{¶11} Tolbert complied with our order and filed a supplemental memorandum,
informing this court that Grimes was applicable but that he was not conceding assignment
of error one. Tolbert explained that Grimes was applicable because it established what
information a trial court must include in a sentencing entry to validly impose postrelease
control when the court orally provided all of the required advisements at the sentencing
hearing. But Tolbert maintained that even under Grimes, the trial court’s advisement in
his 2007 cases was invalid for two reasons: (1) it was not clear whether his postrelease
control was discretionary or mandatory, and (2) the sentencing entry gave no indication at
all that there were consequences for violating postrelease control.
{¶12} We now turn to the state’s assigned errors.
II. Motion to Vacate Postrelease Control
{¶13} In its first assignment of error, the state argues that although the trial court
followed Eighth District precedent when it vacated Tolbert’s postrelease control —
because the trial court failed to journalize “the specific consequences of violating
postrelease control in Tolbert’s 2007 cases” — the state maintains that the prior Eighth
District “decisions were wrongly decided” and should be overruled.
A. Prior Eighth District Law
{¶14} In granting Tolbert’s motion, the trial court relied on our unanimous en banc
decision in State v. Mace, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 100779, 2014-Ohio-5036. In Mace,
we were asked: “whether a sentencing journal entry that states that the appellant is subject
to postrelease control for the ‘maximum period allowed’ for that felony is void, even if
the court informed the defendant at the sentencing hearing of the specific period of
postrelease control imposed.” This court unanimously answered that the appellant’s
postrelease control was void. Id. at ¶ 1.
{¶15} This court has repeatedly followed Mace, finding that when a trial court
failed to set forth the specific consequences for violating postrelease control (that the
parole board could impose a maximum prison term of up to one-half of the prison term
originally imposed) in a sentencing entry and the defendant completed his sentence, the
term of postrelease control was void and should be terminated. See State v. Smith, 8th
Dist. Cuyahoga No. 104632, 2016-Ohio-7898; State v. Bryant, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No.
102650, 2015-Ohio-3678, discretionary appeal not allowed, State v. Bryant, 144 Ohio
St.3d 1505, 2016-Ohio-652, 45 N.E.3d 1050; State v. Martin, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No.
102336, 2015-Ohio-2865; State v. Love, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 102058,
2015-Ohio-1461.
{¶16} But we must now consider this viability of this precedent in light of the
Supreme Court’s recent decision in Grimes.
B. State v. Grimes
{¶17} In Grimes, the Ohio Supreme Court accepted the state’s discretionary appeal
to address the following proposition of law:
To impose valid post release control, the language in the sentencing entry
may incorporate the advisements given during the sentencing hearing by
referencing the post release control sections of the Ohio Revised Code and
do not need to repeat what was said during the sentencing hearing.
Grimes, Slip Opinion No. 2017-Ohio-2927, at ¶ 7.1
The Ohio Supreme Court accepted the state’s discretionary appeal of an intra-district conflict
1
in the Fifth District after the Fifth District issued an en banc decision in the case stating that “a
{¶18} The trial court in Grimes orally provided all of the required advisements to
the offender at the sentencing hearing. The sentencing entry, however, only stated:
The Court further notified the Defendant that “Post Release Control” is
mandatory in this case for three (03) years as well as the consequences for
violating conditions of post release control imposed by Parole Board under
Revised Code § 2967.28. The Defendant is ordered to serve as part of this
sentence any term for violation of that post release control.
Id. at ¶ 2.
{¶19} Grimes appealed to the Fifth District when the trial court denied his motion
to vacate postrelease control. State v. Grimes, 5th Dist. Muskingum No. CT2015-0026,
2015-Ohio-3497, ¶ 13. The Fifth District held that the trial court’s August 2011
sentencing entry was “silent as to the consequences of violating postrelease control”
because the court “failed to inform [Grimes] if he violated his supervision or a condition
of post-release control, the parole board could impose a maximum prison term of up to
one-half of the prison term originally imposed.” Id. at ¶ 12.
{¶20} The Supreme Court first reviewed the statutory requirements for postrelease
control notifications that a trial court is required to give an offender at the sentencing
hearing. It stated:
The court at a sentencing hearing must notify the offender that he or she
“will” or “may” “be supervised under section 2967.28 of the Revised Code
after the offender leaves prison if the offender is being sentenced for” a
felony. R.C. 2929.19(B)(2)(c) and (d). The offender “will” be
supervised if the offender has been convicted of a felony subject to
mandatory postrelease control. R.C. 2929.19(B)(2)(c) and 2967.28(B).
The offender “may” be supervised if the offender has been convicted of a
less serious felony for which the APA has discretion to impose postrelease
majority of the full-time judges of the appellate district is unable to concur in a decision.”
control. R.C. 2929.19(B)(2)(d) and 2967.28(C). The postrelease-control
law also designates the term of supervision for each degree of felony.
R.C. 2967.28(B) and (C). Additionally, the court, at the sentencing
hearing, must notify the offender that if he or she “violates that supervision
* * *, the parole board may impose a prison term, as part of the sentence, of
up to one-half of the stated prison term originally imposed upon the
offender.” R.C. 2929.19(B)(2)(e).
Id. at ¶ 9.
{¶21} The Supreme Court explained that although it had held in State v. Jordan,
104 Ohio St.3d 21, 2004-Ohio-6085, 817 N.E.2d 864, that in order to validly impose
postrelease control the notice given at the sentencing hearing must be incorporated into
the sentencing entry, it had never “decided whether — and if so, how — notice of the
consequences of violating a condition of postrelease control must also be incorporated
into the sentencing entry.” Grimes at ¶ 11, citing Jordan at ¶ 17.
{¶22} The Supreme Court held that to validly impose postrelease control when the
court orally provides all the required advisements at the sentencing hearing, the
“minimally compliant” sentencing entry must contain the following information:
(1) whether postrelease control is discretionary or mandatory, (2) the
duration of the postrelease-control period, and (3) a statement to the effect
that the APA will administer the postrelease control pursuant to R.C.
2967.28 and that any violation by the offender of the conditions of
postrelease control will subject the offender to the consequences set forth in
that statute.
Id. at ¶ 1, 13.
{¶23} The Supreme Court explained that “‘our main focus in interpreting the
sentencing statutes regarding postrelease control has always been on the notification itself
and not on the sentencing entry.’” Id. at ¶ 14, quoting State v. Qualls, 131 Ohio St.3d
499, 2012-Ohio-1111, 967 N.E.2d 718. The court further explained that “we have
deemed the ‘preeminent purpose’ of R.C. 2967.28 to be that ‘offenders subject to
postrelease control know at sentencing that their liberty could continue to be restrained
after serving their initial sentences.’” (Emphasis sic.) Id., quoting Watkins v. Collins,
111 Ohio St.3d 425, 2006-Ohio-5082, 857 N.E.2d 78.
{¶24} “A sentencing entry’s silence on postrelease control, however,” would be
invalid “because it is the sentencing entry that ‘empowers the executive branch of
government to exercise its discretion[.]’” Id. at ¶ 15, quoting Jordan, 104 Ohio St.3d
21, 2004-Ohio-6085, 817 N.E.2d 864. Essentially, the Supreme Court made clear that
“a minimally compliant” sentencing entry “must provide the APA the information it
needs to execute the postrelease-control portion of the sentence.” Id. at ¶ 17. The
Supreme Court explained that the entry in Grimes incorporated all the notifications
necessary for the APA to perform its job. Id. Specifically, “[b]y specifying that Grimes
was subject to mandatory supervision for three years, the entry informed the APA that it
lacked discretion as to whether to impose postrelease control or for how long.” Id.
And because the entry also informed the APA that Grimes had been advised that if he
violated any of the conditions of postrelease control there would be consequences, up to
and including prison time, as described in R.C. 2967.28(D)(1), “the APA could review
R.C. 2967.28 for necessary information about its authority to impose postrelease control
and to punish Grimes for any violations.” Id. at ¶ 18.
C. Grimes Applied
{¶25} The state argued in its motion for leave to appeal that Grimes would be
dispositive of the issues in this case. When reviewing the trial court’s postrelease
control advisement in the sentencing entry in this case, there is no question that the trial
court informed Tolbert of the duration of postrelease control — three years. With
respect to the remaining requirements, however, Tolbert raises two arguments, which we
address below.
1. Discretionary or Mandatory
{¶26} Tolbert first argues that the trial court’s sentencing entry was invalid under
Grimes because the trial court did not specifically use the word “mandatory.” We
disagree.
{¶27} The trial court’s statement that “[p]ostrelease control is part of this prison
sentence for 3 years” conveyed to Tolbert that his supervision would be mandatory for
three years. See State v. McGee, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 101307, 2014-Ohio-5289(court’s sentencing entry, which stated: “postrelease control is part of this prison sentence
for 5 years for the above felony(s) under R.C. 2967.28,” provided the defendant with
notice that he would be subject to mandatory postrelease control); State v. Rucker, 1st
Dist. Hamilton No. C-150434, 2016-Ohio-5111, ¶ 6 (court’s statement to defendant that
“you’ll be on a period of supervision” was sufficient to notify him of the mandatory
nature of his postrelease control).
2. Consequences for Violating Postrelease Control
{¶28} Tolbert next argues that the trial court’s sentencing entry was invalid under
Grimes because it did not give any “indication that there are consequences for violating
postrelease control.” We agree with this argument.
{¶29} In Grimes, the Supreme Court held that a trial court need not specifically
spell out the consequences for violating postrelease control in the sentencing entry as long
as it did so at the sentencing hearing. But it held that the sentencing entry must still
contain an advisement “that any violation by the offender of the conditions of postrelease
control will subject the offender to the consequences set forth in the statute.” Here, the
sentencing entry says nothing about Tolbert being subject to any consequences for
violating the terms of his postrelease control. Accordingly, we hold that even under
Grimes, the trial court’s sentencing entry was not sufficient to validly impose postrelease
control.
{¶30} Thus, after reviewing Grimes’s applicability to prior Eighth District cases,
we find that they are overruled by Grimes to the extent that these cases found postrelease
control to be invalid when the sentencing entry did not spell out the specific consequences
for violating postrelease control. But we note that a trial court must still advise an
offender that he or she will be subject to consequences under R.C. 2967.28. Grimes at ¶
1.
{¶31} We need not address the state’s remaining arguments within its first
assignment of error because they are moot in light of Grimes, which the state
acknowledged in its motion for leave to appeal and in its appellate brief.
{¶32} The state’s first assignment of error is overruled.
III. Retroactivity
{¶33} In its second assignment of error, the state maintains that when the trial
court announced Tolbert’s sentences in 2007, the postrelease control advisement was
sufficient under Eighth District law at that time. Subsequent to Tolbert’s sentence,
however, the Eighth District “announced a new rule of law when it held that in order to
impose postrelease control sanctions, the sentencing journal entry must specifically state
that if the offender violates postrelease control, he could be subject up to an additional
prison term of up to one-half of the originally stated prison term.” The state maintains
that this “new” rule of law should not have been applied retroactively. We disagree.
{¶34} It is well established that when postrelease control is not properly imposed,
the sentence is void and must be set aside. See State v. Singleton, 124 Ohio St.3d 173,
2009-Ohio-6434, 920 N.E.2d 958 (providing a history of Supreme Court cases on void
postrelease control). Further, a void sentence can be attacked at any time. See State v.
Fischer, 128 Ohio St.3d 92, 2010-Ohio-6238, 942 N.E.2d 332, paragraph one of the
syllabus (a sentence that does not include the statutorily mandated term of postrelease
control is void, is not precluded from appellate review by principles of res judicata, and
may be reviewed at any time).
{¶35} Because the portion of Tolbert’s sentence entry that improperly advised him
of postrelease control is void, the state’s argument that Eighth District law should not be
retroactively applied is without merit.
{¶36} The state’s second assignment of error is overruled.
{¶37} Judgment affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant the costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common
pleas court to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of
the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
MARY J. BOYLE, JUDGE
EILEEN T. GALLAGHER, P.J., and
ANITA LASTER MAYS, J., CONCUR