State v. Wofford , 2015 Ohio 3708 ( 2015 )

[Cite as State v. Wofford, 2015-Ohio-3708.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
BUTLER COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, : CASE NO. CA2014-10-210
: OPINION
- vs - 9/14/2015
:
JUAN WOFFORD, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
CRIMINAL APPEAL FROM BUTLER COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
Case No. CR2014-06-0993
Michael T. Gmoser, Butler County Prosecuting Attorney, Lina N. Alkamhawi, Government
Services Center, 315 High Street, 11th Floor, Hamilton, Ohio 45011, for plaintiff-appellee
Juan Wofford, #A710454, Ross Correctional Institution, P.O. Box 7010, Chillicothe, Ohio
45601, defendant-appellant, pro se
RINGLAND, J.
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, Juan Wofford, appeals his conviction in the Butler County
Court of Common Pleas for multiple offenses, including felonious assault and having
weapons while under disability. For the reasons outlined below, we affirm the decision of the
trial court.
{¶ 2} Wofford was indicted by a Butler County Grand Jury on multiple counts,
Butler CA2014-10-210
including attempted murder, felonious assault, and having weapons while under disability.
The charges stemmed from allegations that Wofford shot Carlos Knight in the head with a
firearm at Douglas Park in Middletown, Ohio.
{¶ 3} Wofford later pled guilty to one count of felonious assault in violation of R.C.
2903.11, a second-degree felony, with a firearm specification, and having weapons while
1
under disability in violation of R.C. 2923.13, a third-degree felony. The remaining charges
2
were merged or dropped. At the plea hearing, Wofford indicated that he understood the
nature of his plea and the consequences of pleading guilty. The trial court accepted
Wofford's plea as knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily made. The trial court ordered a
presentence investigation, and set a hearing date for sentencing.
{¶ 4} At his sentencing hearing, Wofford asked to address the court directly and
requested a withdrawal of his guilty plea. As a result, the trial court scheduled a hearing on
Wofford's motion to withdraw his guilty plea. During the hearing, Wofford testified that he did
not believe the evidence was adequate to support his conviction and argued that he was
pressured into accepting the plea agreement by his attorneys. The trial court denied
Wofford's motion to withdraw his guilty plea, and proceeded with sentencing. The trial court
sentenced Wofford to eight years imprisonment for the felonious assault charge, an
additional three-year mandatory consecutive term for the firearm specification, and a
concurrent term of three years to be served for having weapons while under disability for a
total prison term of 11 years.
{¶ 5} Wofford now appeals his conviction and the trial court's denial of his motion to
withdraw his guilty plea, raising multiple assignments of error for review. While the
1. The state preserved the right to file additional charges of murder if the victim succumbed to his injuries.
2. We note Wofford also pled guilty to possession of heroin in Case No. CR2014-07-1070. The trial court
ordered that sentence to be served concurrent to Wofford's sentence imposed on the charges described above.
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assignments of error contained in his pro se brief do not meet the requirements of App.R. 12
and App.R. 16, in the interest of justice, we will address the identifiable issues presented for
review.
I. Motion to Withdraw Guilty Plea
{¶ 6} We will first address Wofford's claim that the trial court erred by denying his
presentence motion to withdraw his guilty plea.
{¶ 7} "It is well-established that a presentence motion to withdraw a guilty plea
'should be freely and liberally granted.'" State v. Manis, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2011-03-
059, 2012-Ohio-3753, ¶ 24, quoting State v. Gabbard, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2006-03-
025, 2007-Ohio-461, ¶ 7. Nevertheless, a defendant does not possess "an absolute right to
withdraw a plea prior to sentencing." State v. Snider, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2012-10-
075, 2013-Ohio-4641, ¶ 8. A trial court must conduct a hearing to determine whether there is
a "reasonable and legitimate basis for the withdrawal of the plea." Id. On review, the trial
court's decision will not be reversed absent an abuse of discretion. State v. Ferrell, 12th Dist.
Madison No. CA2014-07-014, 2015-Ohio-1601, ¶ 11. An abuse of discretion is more than an
error of law or judgment, but implies that the trial court's ruling was arbitrary, unreasonable,
or unconscionable. Manis at ¶ 24.
{¶ 8} In reviewing whether the trial court abused its discretion in denying a
presentence motion to withdraw a guilty plea, this court considers the following factors: (1)
whether the defendant was represented by highly competent counsel; (2) whether the
defendant was afforded a complete Crim.R. 11 hearing before entering the plea; (3) whether
the trial court conducted a full and impartial hearing on the motion to withdraw the plea; (4)
whether the trial court gave full and fair consideration to the motion; (5) whether the motion
was made within a reasonable time; (6) whether the motion set out specific reasons for the
withdrawal; (7) whether the defendant understood the nature of the charges and the possible
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penalties; (8) whether the defendant was possibly not guilty of the charges or had a complete
defense to the charges; and (9) whether the state would have been prejudiced by the
withdrawal. Snider at ¶ 9; Manis at ¶ 25.
{¶ 9} In the present case, the transcript reveals Wofford was afforded a complete
Crim.R. 11 hearing before entering his plea. At the hearing, Wofford indicated he understood
the nature of the proceedings, the charges against him, and the potential penalties that could
be imposed upon him if convicted on such charges. Wofford also indicated he understood
his rights and knew that he was forfeiting certain rights by entering a guilty plea. In addition,
Wofford signed a written plea form, which stated that he was fully advised and understood
the consequences of his plea agreement.
{¶ 10} After Wofford requested to withdraw his guilty plea, the trial court held a hearing
where Wofford was provided a full and fair opportunity to explain his position on the matter.
At the hearing, Wofford argued that despite his guilty plea, he was not guilty of the charges
against him and only entered a guilty plea because his trial counsel was ineffective and
pressured him into entering the deal with the state. At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial
court denied Wofford's request to withdraw his guilty plea after considering Wofford's motion,
the testimony in support of that motion, and the audio recording taken from Wofford's plea
hearing.
{¶ 11} Based on our review, we conclude that the trial court acted within its discretion
when it denied Wofford's motion to withdraw his guilty plea. As the trial court correctly found,
Wofford pled guilty to the charges at the plea hearing after having been fully informed of the
nature of the charges, the consequences of the plea, and the rights he was waiving. Wofford
was represented by competent counsel at the plea hearing and does not have meritorious
defenses to the charges. Rather, Wofford's decision to withdraw his guilty plea appears to
be based on a "change of heart" before he was to be sentenced. "A defendant who 'has a
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change of heart regarding his guilty plea should not be allowed to withdraw that plea just
because he realizes that an unexpected sentence may be imposed.'" State v. Dafforn, 12th
Dist. Clermont No. CA2006-03-023, 2006-Ohio-7035 at ¶ 13, quoting State v. Ward, 12th
Dist. Clermont No. CA2005-05-033, 2006-Ohio-1162, ¶ 14; State v. Quinn, 12th Dist. Butler
No. CA2006-03-049, 2007-Ohio-1363, ¶ 12 ("A 'change of heart' is insufficient justification to
withdraw a plea"). Accordingly, the trial court did not err in denying Wofford's request to
withdraw his guilty plea.
{¶ 12} Because the trial court did not err in denying Wofford's request to withdraw his
guilty plea, we pause to address a number of arguments raised by Wofford that are waived
by nature of his guilty plea. For example, Wofford claims that his conviction is based on
"hearsay statements of alleged co-conspirators." In addition, Wofford alleges that his
conviction is "against the manifest weight of the evidence." However, as noted above,
Wofford's claims are wholly without merit as he entered a valid plea agreement with the state.
This court has previously held that a guilty plea constitutes "a complete admission of [his]
guilt." State v. Isbell, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2003-06-152, 2004-Ohio-2300, ¶ 16, citing
Crim. R. 11. Consequently, there is no evidence to consider, and the trial court was not
required to determine whether a factual basis existed to support the guilty plea, prior to
entering judgment on that plea. Id. Accordingly, Wofford's plea provides the necessary proof
of the elements of the crime to support the conviction. Furthermore, Wofford's conviction
was not based on "hearsay," but rather Wofford's own admission of guilt. Wofford's claims to
the contrary are without merit and overruled.
II. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel
{¶ 13} Wofford next argues his conviction must be reversed because he was provided
with ineffective assistance of trial counsel. Specifically, Wofford argues his trial counsel was
ineffective for (1) failing to "properly work the case," (2) failing to interview potential alibi
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witnesses, and (3) acting against his best interest by coercing him into entering a guilty plea
by informing him that he would receive a minimum sentence.
{¶ 14} "To establish a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant must
show that his or her counsel's actions were outside the wide range of professionally
competent assistance, and that prejudice resulted by reason of counsel's actions." State v.
Hurst, 12th Dist. Brown No. CA2014-02-004, 2014-Ohio-4890, ¶ 7, citing Strickland v.
Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S.Ct. 2052 (1984). To show prejudice, the appellant
must prove there exists "a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's unprofessional errors,
the result of the proceeding would have been different." State v. Wilson, 12th Dist. Madison
No. CA2013-10-034, 2014-Ohio-2342, ¶ 17. An appellant's failure to satisfy one prong of the
Strickland test negates a court's need to consider the other. State v. Madrigal, 87 Ohio St.3d
378, 389 (2000).
{¶ 15} Essentially, Wofford argues that his counsel was ineffective for allegedly failing
to provide a thorough investigation of the case and allegedly pressuring him into entering a
guilty plea. However, Wofford never once indicated during his plea hearing that he was
unhappy with his representation, or that he did not want to move forward with his guilty plea.
In fact, Wofford expressly stated during the plea hearing that he was satisfied with his
counsel's performance.
THE COURT: Very well. All right. All right, Mr. Wofford, have you
had a full and fair opportunity to discuss the nature of the charges
lodged against you in the various indictments that we're talking
about here today, the charges to which you are entering guilty pleas
to here today?
WOFFORD: Yes, sir.
THE COURT: And you, likewise, had a full and fair opportunity to
read, review, and discuss with [counsel] the plea forms which I have
in my hand here today?
WOFFORD: Yes, sir.
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THE COURT: Are you satisfied with the advice, confidence, and
counsel rendered to you by [counsel], with respect to their
representation of you in these matters?
WOFFORD: Yes, sir.
THE COURT: Do you have any questions of me or them at this
time?
WOFFORD: No, sir.
THE COURT: Very well. Are you asking the Court to accept your
pleas of guilty to these charges * * * ?
WOFFORD: Yes, sir.
***
THE COURT: And you're satisfied that you're doing all of this
knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily?
WOFFORD: Yes, sir.
{¶ 16} Furthermore, Wofford's assertion that he was advised that he would receive the
minimum sentence by pleading guilty to the relevant charges is contrary to the record in the
case. The written plea forms expressly informed Wofford of the maximum sentence for each
offense, and the trial court clearly articulated the maximum sentence on each offense during
the plea colloquy. At no point did Wofford indicate that he believed he would be entitled to a
minimum sentence, nor did he assert any misunderstanding with respect to the plea
agreement.
THE COURT: Before I do that, Mr. Wofford, I want to inquire of
you: Has anybody threatened you or coerced you in any way to
cause you to come in here today and tender these various guilty
pleas to the Court?
WOFFORD: No, sir.
THE COURT: Has anybody made you any promises in exchange
for your pleas of guilty to these various charges other than what I've
already represented on the record, specifically:
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With respect to * * * that Count I [attempted murder] is being
merged into pleas to Counts II and III [felonious assault and having
weapons under disability] and the 3-year gun specification as to
Count II; and
***
Anything else been promised to you, sir?
WOFFORD: No, sir.
{¶ 17} After review, we find Wofford did not receive ineffective assistance of counsel.
The record here reflects that Wofford was represented by two attorneys who fully
investigated the case and zealously represented his interests throughout the proceedings.
Wofford's trial counsel procured a favorable plea arrangement that resulted in the dismissal
of an attempted murder charge. The record firmly establishes that Wofford was fully
informed of the maximum sentence he could receive as part of his plea and provided ample
opportunity to raise concerns about his trial counsel's representation during the plea colloquy.
In light of the foregoing, we find Wofford did not receive ineffective assistance of counsel.
Wofford's arguments to the contrary are overruled.
III. Double Jeopardy
{¶ 18} Next, Wofford asserts that his protection against double jeopardy as secured by
the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution was violated because his plea
agreement provides that he could be subject to additional charges if the victim dies from the
injuries sustained in the felonious assault. We find Wofford's argument is without merit for
several reasons. First, the issue of double jeopardy is not properly before this court, as the
state has not elected to bring any additional charges following Wofford's plea agreement.
However, even if it had, we note the Ohio Supreme Court has held that the state may
preserve the right to file additional charges after entering into a negotiated guilty plea for a
lesser offense if "the state expressly reserves the right to file additional charges on the record
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at the time of the defendant's plea." State v. Carpenter, 68 Ohio St. 3d 59 (1993), syllabus.
Here, the state did expressly reserve the right to file additional charges. Accordingly,
Wofford's argument to the contrary is without merit.
IV. Prosecutorial Misconduct
{¶ 19} Finally, Wofford argues the state violated the holding rendered in Brady v.
Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 83 S.Ct. 1194 (1963), by failing to disclose exculpatory evidence.
Specifically, Wofford claims the "victim stated that defendant wasent [sic] the one who shot
him." However, Wofford provides absolutely no support, either by affidavit or otherwise, that
this statement was ever wrongfully withheld. Simply put, the record is devoid of evidence that
this alleged statement was ever made, let alone wrongfully withheld in violation of Brady.
Accordingly, Wofford failed to establish the existence of any Brady violations.
V. Conclusion
{¶ 20} After reviewing Wofford's brief and identifying the various issues raised on
appeal, we find that Wofford has failed to raise any meritorious arguments for relief.
Therefore, Wofford's arguments are without merit and hereby overruled.
{¶ 21} Judgment affirmed.
PIPER, P.J., and S. POWELL, J., concur.
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