State v. Melendez ( 2020 )

[Cite as State v. Melendez, 2020-Ohio-6736.]
COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
STATE OF OHIO, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
No. 109199
v. :
ESTARLING MELENDEZ, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: December 17, 2020
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case Nos. CR-03-436652-ZA and CR-03-436653-A
Appearances:
Michael C. O’Malley, Cuyahoga County Prosecuting Attorney,
and Tasha L. Forchione, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for
appellee.
Gregory T. Stralka, for appellant.
MICHELLE J. SHEEHAN, J.:
Appellant Estarling Melendez (“Appellant”) appeals the trial court’s
denial of his motion to withdraw guilty plea, filed 16 years after he entered pleas of
guilty to murder and aggravated robbery. We affirm the trial court’s denial of the
motion, finding the motion was barred by res judicata and that, even if not barred,
he did not demonstrate a manifest injustice occurred. Further, his arguments that
he should be released from prison because his sentence gave him an expectation of
finality of release in 15 years cannot be raised for the first time on appeal and are
otherwise without merit.
STATEMENT OF THE CASE AND FACTS
On September 5, 2003, Appellant was convicted in Cuyahoga C.P.
No. CR-03-436652-ZA of murder in violation of R.C. 2903.02 after entering into a
plea bargain with the state. The trial court sentenced him to 15 years to life and
imposed a five-year term of postrelease control. On that same date, he was convicted
in Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-03-436653-A of aggravated robbery in violation of
R.C. 2911.03 and a concurrent prison sentence was imposed. He has served the
sentence for aggravated robbery in that case. No direct appeal of his convictions was
taken.
On January 22, 2018, fifteen years after his convictions, Appellant
filed a “Motion to Correct a Facially Illegal Sentence.” In that motion, he argued the
trial court erred in imposing sentence, stating it should have sentenced him to an
“indefinite” term of imprisonment of 15 years to life and that the trial court
improperly imposed postrelease control on his sentence for murder. On March 8,
2018, the trial court granted the motion and resentenced him. He appealed; we
affirmed. State v Melendez, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 106994, 2019-Ohio-533, appeal
not accepted, 155 Ohio St.3d 1439, 2019-Ohio-1536, 121 N.E.3d 410, application for
reopening denied, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 106994, 2019-Ohio-2212, appeal not
accepted, 157 Ohio St.3d 1407, 2019-Ohio-3731, 131 N.E.3d 81.
In the appeal of his resentencing hearing, Appellant argued he should
have been permitted to withdraw his plea. We determined the trial court properly
limited the scope of the hearing to the resentencing. Melendez, 2019-Ohio-533, at
¶ 12. He argued that he suffered ineffective assistance of counsel; we found he did
not. Id. at ¶ 15. Finally, he argued that the trial court violated Crim.R. 32(A) by not
providing him the ability to allocute at that hearing. We found it did not. Id. at ¶ 21.
On October 11, 2019, Appellant filed a “Motion to Withdraw Plea
Crim.R. 32.1,” arguing that in 2003, he “was unaware of the fact that his guilty plea
sentence required an indefinite term of 15 years to life sentence for murder, instead
of the unlawful 15-year to life sentence that was imposed.” He also claimed the plea
was not accepted on the record. The state responded, arguing that 1) the plea was
properly accepted on the record, 2) the motion to withdraw was untimely, 3) the
motion to withdraw was barred by res judicata, and 4) that a manifest injustice did
not occur in this case. On October 24, 2019, the trial court denied the motion,
finding that at the plea hearing it “advised Mr. Melendez that by pleading guilty he
faced ‘a mandatory penalty of 15 years to life,’” and that it “explained that the Parole
Board ‘can keep you incarcerated for the remainder of your life.’” The trial court
determined that the motion to withdraw was untimely and that Appellant did not
demonstrate a manifest injustice. It is this judgment that he now appeals.
LAW AND ANALYSIS
Appellant argues in his first assignment of error that he should have
been allowed to withdraw his guilty plea because it was not knowingly and
intelligently made. He argues that this court should review the motion to withdraw
as being made prior to the sentence because he was prohibited from making a
motion to withdraw plea at the resentencing hearing in 2018. “The Supreme Court
of Ohio has stated that under the doctrine of res judicata, ‘“[a] valid, final judgment
rendered upon the merits bars all subsequent actions based upon any claim arising
out of the transaction or occurrence that was the subject matter of the previous
action.”’” State v. Sneed, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 84964, 2005-Ohio-1865, ¶ 16,
quoting Kirkhart v. Kepier, 101 Ohio St.3d 377, 805 N.E.2d 1089 (2004), quoting
Grava v. Parkman Twp., 73 Ohio St.3d 379, 653 N.E.2d 226 (1995), syllabus.
Appellant cannot now claim error in the plea proceedings where he
simply argues that his 2003 plea was not entered knowingly or intelligently. State
v. Austin, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 107872, 2019-Ohio- 3101, ¶ 19. (“[B]y failing to
file a timely appeal challenging his 1980 guilty pleas and convictions, appellant
waived his right to appeal any issues regarding the validity of his guilty pleas.”); see
also State v. Brown, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 84322, 2004-Ohio-6421, ¶ 7, (“A
Crim.R. 32.1 motion filed after the time for appeal has passed is subject to res
judicata and, if it applies, the motion will be denied.” (Citations omitted.)) As such,
to the extent he argues that the trial court erred at his 2003 plea hearing, his
arguments are barred by the doctrine of res judicata. He claims this court should
consider his motion to withdraw plea as one made before sentence because he was
prohibited by the trial court from making an oral motion to withdraw plea in 2018.
Regardless of whether the motion to withdraw plea is considered presentence or
postsentence, it is based solely on the proceedings occurring in 2003. As such, his
motion is barred by res judicata. Appellant’s first assignment of error is overruled.
Even if were we to consider Appellant’s arguments, we would find
that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying the “Motion to Withdraw
Plea Crim.R. 32.1.” Crim.R. 32.1 provides, “A motion to withdraw a plea of guilty or
no contest may be made only before sentence is imposed; but to correct manifest
injustice the court after sentence may set aside the judgment of conviction and
permit the defendant to withdraw his or her plea.” A motion to withdraw a guilty
plea made prior to sentencing should be liberally granted; but a motion to withdraw
a guilty plea made subsequent to sentencing will be granted only upon the
demonstration of manifest injustice. State v. Smith, 49 Ohio St.2d 261, 264, 361
N.E.2d 1324 (1977); State v. Peterseim, 68 Ohio App.2d 211, 213, 428 N.E.2d 863(8th Dist.1980). This court reviews a trial court’s denial of a motion to withdraw for
an abuse of discretion and will only reverse where the denial is unreasonable,
arbitrary, or unconscionable. State v. Rogers, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99246,
2013-Ohio-3246, ¶ 28.
In 2003, Appellant entered a plea and sentence was imposed. He did
not appeal his convictions. The trial court told him that he could be kept in prison
for the remainder of his life. His argument that he was misled by the plea colloquy
and the trial court’s explanation of the sentence to be imposed are belied by the
record. We have explained that a trial court imposing a prison term of 15 years to
life is by its nature indefinite, and a trial court does not error by omitting the specific
term “indefinite.” State v Bandy, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 108676, 2020-Ohio-808,
¶ 5, citing State v. Johnson, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 108419, 2020-Ohio-191, ¶ 18.
The record reflects that Appellant was fully informed of the maximum penalty he
faced and was told that he could, at the discretion of the parole board, be imprisoned
for life. He has not demonstrated that a manifest injustice occurred, and the trial
court did not abuse its discretion in denying the motion to withdraw plea.
In his second assignment of error, Appellant argues that his
expectation in the finality of sentence mandates his immediate release from
incarceration, citing a case then pending before the Ohio Supreme Court, State v.
Henderson, Slip Opinion No. 2020-Ohio-4784. In Henderson, the trial court
imposed a definite term of 15 years incarceration instead of an indefinite sentence
of 15 years to life. Neither Henderson or the state appealed the sentence, but years
later, the state filed a motion to correct the sentence, arguing that the sentence was
void. The opinion in Henderson was released after briefing in this case was
completed. The Ohio Supreme Court determined the motion procedure to correct
the sentence was invalid, holding that
[a] judgment or sentence is void only if it is rendered by a court that
lacks subject-matter jurisdiction over the case or personal jurisdiction
over the defendant. If the court has jurisdiction over the case and the
person, any sentence based on an error in the court’s exercise of that
jurisdiction is voidable.
Id. at ¶ 43. The court further explained that “sentences based on an error, including
sentences in which a trial court fails to impose a statutorily mandated term, are
voidable if the court imposing the sentence has jurisdiction over the case and the
defendant.” Id. at ¶ 1.
Appellant’s reliance on Henderson is misplaced for three reasons.
First, he cannot raise a new issue on appeal. Second, the sentence imposed in this
case was a sentence of 15 years to life, not a definite term of incarceration as was
imposed in Henderson. And third, because there was no direct appeal of the
sentence, Appellant cannot now claim error in the sentence.
Within his motion to withdraw plea, Appellant did not specifically
argue that he had an expectation of finality in his sentence. He raises the issue of
finality of sentence for the first time on appeal. “As a result, these issues are not
properly before this court. The proper procedure is to first raise the issues in the
court below.” State v. Reed, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 106814, 2018-Ohio-4518, ¶ 21.
(“‘Generally, an appellate court will not consider a legal theory or issue a party failed
to raise in the trial court. See, e.g., State ex rel. Zollner v. Indus. Comm., 66 Ohio
St.3d 276, 278, 1993-Ohio-49, 611 N.E.2d 830.’ In re J.M.G., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga
No. 98990, 2013-Ohio-2693, ¶ 13.”) Because the issue of finality in sentence was
not raised in the trial court, we overrule the second assignment of error.
However, even were we to construe Appellant’s motion to withdraw
plea as addressing the issue of finality of sentence where Appellant argued that he
was led to believe that he would be released after serving 15 years, we would still find
the argument without merit. Appellant claims that the trial court erred in imposing
a term of “15 to life” instead of an “indefinite” term of incarceration is evidence of
his confusion at the plea. However, we have found that there is no meaningful
difference between the trial court’s imposition of a sentence of “15 years to life”
rather than an “indefinite sentence of 15 years to life.” State v. Johnson, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 108419, 2020-Ohio-191, ¶ 18 (“A prison term of ‘fifteen years to life’
for murder is, by its nature, indefinite because it is a prison range defined by
minimum and maximum terms.”); State v. Bandy, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 108676,
2020-Ohio-808, ¶ 16 (“Bandy’s sentence is not void despite the trial court failing to
include the term “indefinite” in Bandy’s sentence.”).
Finally, in this case, the trial court imposed a sentence of 15 years to
life. This sentence is factually distinguishable from the sentence imposed in
Henderson, in which the sentence imposed was a definite sentence of 15 years.
Pursuant to Henderson, Appellant’s failure to raise any issue regarding his sentence
on direct appeal renders the sentence voidable, not void, and a challenge to the
sentence is barred. Henderson, Slip Opinion No. 2020-Ohio-4784, at ¶ 26.
Appellant’s second assignment of error is overruled.
CONCLUSION
Appellant’s motion to withdraw plea filed 16 years after being entered
is barred by res judicata because he did not file a direct appeal and he only argued
that error occurred at the original plea hearing. Further, he has not demonstrated
that a manifest injustice occurred. His claim that he should be released because he
had an expectation of finality in his sentence was raised for the first time on appeal
and is overruled. To the extent his claim regarding error could be considered, it
would be overruled as being without merit.
Judgment affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover of appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the
common pleas court to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
____________________________
MICHELLE J. SHEEHAN, JUDGE
EILEEN T. GALLAGHER, A.J., and
FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., J., CONCUR