State v. Dowell , 2020 Ohio 1306 ( 2020 )

[Cite as State v. Dowell, 2020-Ohio-1306.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
MIAMI COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO :
:
Plaintiff-Appellee : Appellate Case No. 2019-CA-10
:
v. : Trial Court Case No. 2016-CR-320
:
ANTHONY C. DOWELL : (Criminal Appeal from
: Common Pleas Court)
Defendant-Appellant :
:
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OPINION
Rendered on the 3rd day of April, 2020.
...........
PAUL M. WATKINS, Atty. Reg. No. 0090868, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, Miami
County Prosecutor’s Office, Safety Building, 201 West Main Street, Troy, Ohio 45373
Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee
ANTHONY C. DOWELL, #A733-547, P.O. Box 69, London, Ohio 43140
Defendant-Appellant, Pro Se
.............
DONOVAN, J.
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{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant Anthony C. Dowell appeals a judgment of the Miami
Court of Common Pleas overruling his petition to vacate or set aside judgment of
conviction and his amended petition to vacate or set aside judgment of conviction.
Dowell filed a timely notice of appeal with this Court on July 29, 2019.
{¶ 2} We set forth the history of the case in State v. Dowell, 2d Dist. Miami No.
2017-CA-5, 2018-Ohio-4044, Dowell’s direct appeal from his conviction, and we repeat it
herein in pertinent part:
Defendant-appellant Anthony Dowell appeals from his convictions on
two counts of sexual battery. Dowell contends that the convictions were not
supported by the weight of the evidence and that the State did not present
evidence sufficient to sustain the convictions. He further contends that
counsel was ineffective. Dowell also claims that his convictions violated his
fundamental liberty interests and were, thus, unconstitutional. Finally, he
claims that the trial court erred in sentencing.
We conclude that there was sufficient, credible evidence upon which
a reasonable finder of fact could have relied in finding Dowell guilty of the
charged offenses. We further find no merit to his claim that his constitutional
rights were violated or that the trial court erred in sentencing. Finally, we
cannot conclude that counsel's failure to object to evidence resulted in
prejudice.
Id. at ¶ 1-2. We affirmed the trial court’s judgment on direct appeal.
{¶ 3} On May 16, 2018, Dowell filed a petition to vacate or set aside his judgment
of conviction, in which he asserted several claims regarding the alleged ineffective
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assistance of his trial counsel; specifically, he alleged that his counsel failed to perform
the following actions: 1) failed to interview the victim prior to trial; 2) failed to interview and
prepare to cross-examine State’s witness Amy Behm; 3) failed to interview or call Amber
Behm as a defense witness; 4) failed to interview or call Destiny Powell as a defense
witness; 5) failed to interview or call Samantha Dowell as a defense witness; 6) failed to
conduct a proper pretrial investigation and failed to file a motion to dismiss the indictment;
and 7) failed to conduct a thorough pretrial interview of Dowell and ignored his demand
to testify on his own behalf.
{¶ 4} On June 7, 2019, Dowell filed an amended petition in which he set forth
additional claims for post-conviction relief: 1) witness misconduct (regarding Amy Behm’s
testimony); 2) witness misconduct (Detective Thomas’s allegedly false testimony); and 3)
prosecutorial misconduct. On July 8, 2019, the trial court issued an order denying
Dowell’s original petition and his amended petition to vacate or set aside his judgment of
conviction without a hearing.
{¶ 5} It is from this judgment that Dowell now appeals.
{¶ 6} Because they are interrelated, Dowell’s three assignments of error will be
discussed together as follows:
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN MAKING FINDINGS OF FACT AND
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW WHICH ARE IN CONFLICT WITH THE ACTUAL
TRIAL RECORDS AND CONTRARY TO THE POST-CONVICTION
RECORDS, WHEREBY, DENYING THE APPELLANT OF [sic] DUE
PROCESS OF LAW.
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN ABUSING ITS DISCRETION IN
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FAILING TO CONDUCT AN EVIDENTIARY HEARING ON THE
APPELLANT’S PETITION FOR POST-CONVICTION RELIEF, WHERE
THE APPELLANT REQUESTED FOR SUCH A HEARING WITH
SUFFICIENT EVIDENTIARY DOCUMENTATION WHICH WOULD HAVE
REQUIRED SUCH A HEARING BY LAW.
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DECIDING THE MERITS OF THE
APPELLANT’S CLAIMS WITHOUT FIRST CONDUCTING AN
EVIDENTIARY HEARING, WHEREBY DEPRIVING THE APPELLANT
[OF] THE OPPORTUNITY TO DEVELOP AND INDUCE FURTHER
EVIDENCE IN SUPPORT OF HIS CLAIMS.
{¶ 7} In his first assignment, Dowell contends that he received ineffective
assistance because his trial counsel failed to do the following: 1) failed to interview the
victim prior to trial; 2) failed to interview and prepare to cross-examine State’s witness,
Amy Behm; 3) failed to interview or call Amber Behm as a defense witness; 4) failed to
interview or call Destiny Powell as a defense witness; 5) failed to interview or call
Samantha Dowell as a defense witness; 6) failed to conduct a proper pretrial investigation
and failed to file a motion to dismiss the indictment; and 7) failed to conduct a thorough
pretrial interview of Dowell and ignored his demand to testify on his own behalf. In his
second and third assignments, Dowell argues that the trial court abused its discretion
when it denied his original petition and amended petition to vacate or set aside his
judgment of conviction without first holding a hearing wherein he could have adduced
additional evidence regarding the following: 1) witness misconduct (Amy Behm’s
testimony); 2) witness misconduct (Detective Thomas’s false testimony); and 3)
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prosecutorial misconduct.
{¶ 8} R.C. 2953.21(A)(1)(a) provides that “[a]ny person who has been convicted of
a criminal offense * * * may file a petition in the court that imposed sentence, stating the
grounds for relief relied upon, and asking the court to vacate or set aside the judgment or
sentence or to grant other appropriate relief.” The statute further provides that the
“petitioner may file a supporting affidavit and other documentary evidence in support of
the claim for relief.” We review trial court decisions on petitions for post-conviction relief
under an abuse of discretion standard. State v. Perkins, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 25808,
2014-Ohio-1863, ¶ 27. “The term ‘abuse of discretion’ has been defined as a decision
that is unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable.” (Citation omitted.) State v. Howard,
2d Dist. Montgomery No. 26060, 2014-Ohio-4602, ¶ 8.
{¶ 9} R.C. 2953.21(C) provides:
The court shall consider a petition that is timely filed under division (A)(2) of
this section even if a direct appeal of the judgment is pending. Before
granting a hearing on a petition filed under division (A) of this section, the
court shall determine whether there are substantive grounds for relief. In
making such a determination, the court shall consider, in addition to the
petition, the supporting affidavits, and the documentary evidence, all the
files and records pertaining to the proceedings against the petitioner,
including, but not limited to, the indictment, the court's journal entries, the
journalized records of the clerk of the court, and the court reporter's
transcript. * * * If the court dismisses the petition, it shall make and file
findings of fact and conclusions of law with respect to such dismissal.
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{¶ 10} “A post-conviction proceeding is not an appeal of a criminal conviction, but,
rather, a collateral civil attack on the judgment.” State v. Stefen, 70 Ohio St.3d 399, 410,
639 N.E.2d 67 (1994); see also State v. Gondor, 112 Ohio St.3d 377, 2006-Ohio-6679,
860 N.E.2d 77, ¶ 48. To prevail on a petition for post-conviction relief, the defendant
must establish a violation of his constitutional rights which renders the judgment of
conviction void or voidable. R.C. 2953.21.
{¶ 11} The post-conviction relief statutes do “not expressly mandate a hearing for
every post-conviction relief petition and, therefore, a hearing is not automatically
required.” State v. Jackson, 64 Ohio St.2d 107, 110, 413 N.E.2d 819 (1980). Rather, in
addressing a petition for post-conviction relief, a trial court plays a gatekeeping role as to
whether a defendant will receive a hearing. Gondor at ¶ 51. A trial court may dismiss a
petition for post-conviction relief without a hearing “where the petition, the supporting
affidavits, the documentary evidence, the files, and the records do not demonstrate that
petitioner set forth sufficient operative facts to establish substantive grounds for relief.”
State v. Calhoun, 86 Ohio St.3d 279, 714 N.E.2d 905 (1999), paragraph two of the
syllabus; Gondor at ¶ 51.
{¶ 12} This court reviews alleged instances of ineffective assistance of trial counsel
under the two-pronged analysis set forth in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104
S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984), and adopted by the Supreme Court of Ohio in State
v. Bradley, 42 Ohio St.3d 136, 538 N.E.2d 373 (1989). These cases provide that trial
counsel is entitled to a strong presumption that his or her conduct falls within the wide
range of reasonable assistance. Strickland at 689; Bradley at 142. To reverse a
conviction based on ineffective assistance of counsel, it must be demonstrated that trial
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counsel's conduct fell below an objective standard of reasonableness and that his or her
errors were serious enough to create a reasonable probability that, but for the errors, the
result of the trial court proceeding would have been different. Bradley at 142.
{¶ 13} With respect to Dowell’s seven claims of ineffective assistance of trial
counsel contained in his original petition to vacate or set aside his judgment of conviction,
his arguments are barred by res judicata because he was required to raise those
arguments during his direct appeal. See State v. Reid, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 25790,
2014-Ohio-1282, ¶ 7-9. In Reid, we stated the following:
“Pursuant to the doctrine of res judicata, a valid final judgment on the merits
bars all subsequent actions based on any claim arising out of the
transaction or occurrence that was the subject matter of the previous
action.” State v. Collins, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 25612, 2013-Ohio-3645,
¶ 9, citing Grava v. Parkman Twp., 73 Ohio St.3d 379, 382, 653 N.E.2d 226(1995).
Id. at ¶ 7.
{¶ 14} All seven of Dowell’s ineffective assistance claims in regard to trial counsel’s
performance could and should have been raised in his direct appeal. Significantly, we
note that Dowell did argue that he received ineffective assistance of trial counsel in his
direct appeal, albeit for different reasons than the arguments advanced in his original
petition to vacate or set aside his judgment of conviction. Additionally, Dowell has failed
to produce any additional evidence from outside of the record in support of his claims that
he was denied the effective assistance of counsel. All of the supporting materials
submitted in his original petition contained information known to him at the time of trial
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and his direct appeal. The materials submitted in support of his original petition
contained no “newly discovered evidence” upon which to base Dowell’s ineffective
assistance claims. Therefore, we conclude that Dowell’s claims are barred by res
judicata.
{¶ 15} As previously stated, Dowell made the following arguments in his amended
petition to vacate or set aside his judgment of conviction: 1) witness misconduct (Amy
Behm’s testimony); 2) witness misconduct (Detective Thomas’s false testimony); and
prosecutorial misconduct. Upon review, however, the supporting documents Dowell
attached to his amended petition focus on discovery materials provided to him before the
trial in the instant case. In fact, Dowell acknowledged in a reply brief filed with the trial
court on June 7, 2019, that the documents attached to his amended petition were
provided to his trial counsel during the course of discovery prior to trial. Therefore, the
materials attached to his amended petition cannot be considered “newly discovered
evidence.”
{¶ 16} Additionally, all of the documents that Dowell attached in support of his
original petition and his amended petition were in his possession and known to him at the
time of his direct appeal and could have been utilized at that time. “Res judicata also
implicitly bars a petitioner from ‘repackaging’ evidence or issues which either were, or
could have been, raised in the context of the petitioner's trial or direct appeal.” State v.
Quinn, 98 N.E.3d 1184, 2017-Ohio-8107, ¶ 35 (2d Dist.), quoting State v. Monroe, 10th
Dist. Franklin No. 04AP-658, 2005-Ohio-5242, ¶ 9. Here, all of the issues raised by
Dowell in his petition for post-conviction relief were known to him during discovery and
clearly could have been raised on direct appeal, since the information was introduced at
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trial. Accordingly, his arguments were barred by res judicata. Therefore, the trial court
did not err when it overruled Dowell’s original petition and his amended petition to vacate
or set aside his judgment of conviction without a hearing.
{¶ 17} Dowell’s first, second, and third assignments of error are overruled.
{¶ 18} All of Dowell’s assignments of error having been overruled, the judgment of
the trial court is affirmed.
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TUCKER, P.J. and WELBAUM, J., concur.
Copies sent to:
Paul M. Watkins
Anthony C. Dowell
Hon. Jeannine N. Pratt