Dobbins v. Dobbins , 2020 Ohio 4000 ( 2020 )

[Cite as Dobbins v. Dobbins, 2020-Ohio-4000.]
COURT OF APPEALS
STARK COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
ROZA DOBBINS : JUDGES:
: Hon. William B. Hoffman, P.J.
Plaintiff - Appellant : Hon. John W. Wise, J.
: Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J.
-vs- :
:
MICHAEL DOBBINS : Case No. 2019CA00185
:
Defendant - Appellee : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Stark County Court
of Common Pleas, Family Court
Division, Case No. 2012 DR 00688
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT: August 5, 2020
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellant For Defendant-Appellee
STANLEY R. RUBIN HOLLY DAVIES
437 Market Avenue North Pitinii, Davies & Cazantzes, LLC
Canton, Ohio 44702 101 Central Plaza S, Ste 1000
Canton, Ohio 44702
Stark County, Case No. 2019CA00185 2
Baldwin, J.
{¶1} Plaintiff-appellant Rozsa Dobbins appeals from the November 21, 2019
Judgment Entry of the Stark County Court of Common Pleas, Family Court Division.
STATEMENT OF THE FACTS AND CASE
{¶2} The parties were married on December 29, 2006 and three children were
born as issue of such marriage.
{¶3} On June 6, 2012, appellant filed a complaint for divorce against appellee.
Appellee filed a counterclaim on June 15, 2012. At the time of the parties’ divorce in
2013, appellant had income in the amount of $2,292.00 per year while appellee received
disability and social security benefits in the amount of $108,474.00 per year. Due to
appellee’s disability, the children received Social Security derivative benefits.
{¶4} The divorce decree incorporated the parties’ Separation Agreement and
shared parenting plan. The parties agreed that appellant would be the residential parent.
The shared parenting plan provided that “[t]he parties agreed that the child support
obligation shall be deviated downwards. The grounds for the deviation were: the time
allocation between each parent, each parent’s respective ability to provide for the needs
of the children while in their respective care and the derivative disability benefits received
by the minor children.” Appellee was to pay child support in the amount of $1,575.00.
The trial court deviated downwards from his annual obligation of $20,623.70 by
$1,723.00. Appellee was also required to pay to medical insurance of $70.86 per month
per child and the parties agreed that he would pay $925.00 in spousal support until April
of 2014.
Stark County, Case No. 2019CA00185 3
{¶5} Appellee, after his spousal support obligation ended in April of 2014, moved
the trial court to modify his child support obligation. The trial court denied appellee’s
motion, noting that not only had appellee’s spousal support obligation ended, but his
obligation to pay health insurance had also ended because the children were enrolled in
Medicaid.
{¶6} In March of 2019, an administrative hearing before a CSEA hearing officer
was held. The hearing officer, in recommendations filed on March 20, 2019, did not use
the children’s’ Social Security derivative benefits as a basis to deviate appellee’s child
support obligation downward, but gave appellee full credit despite the language in the
parties’ shared parenting plan. The hearing officer recommended that appellant pay
$400.33 per month in child support and $310.00 per month per cash medical support.
Both parties objected to the CSEA’s recommendations. Appellee also filed a motion to
modify child support.
{¶7} A hearing was held on November 14, 2019 in the trial court. At the hearing,
appellant testified that at the time of the shared parenting plan, she was not employed
outside the home and that appellee was not either but received Social Security and private
disability benefits. She testified that the children received derivative Social Security
benefits and that these benefits were expressly taken into consideration in determining
the amount of child support that appellee was to pay. She testified that she received
$423.00 a month per child in Social Security benefits. Appellant testified that she was
employed outside the home at the time of the hearing at St. Michael’s school where she
earned $10.00 an hour and worked ten hours a week during the school year. She earned
$3,600.00 annually and had been employed there since 2019.
Stark County, Case No. 2019CA00185 4
{¶8} Appellant testified that she had a bachelor degree in international business,
but never had a full time job due to taking care of her kids and her sister’s three children
who lived with her after being orphaned. She also has a two year degree in management.
{¶9} Appellant’s 2013 income tax return showed her total income as $13,539.00
which included her alimony. Her taxable income in 2018 was $475.00 from her job at St.
Michael’s.
{¶10} Appellant testified that the parties agreed that she would stay home with the
children until they were school age. All three children attend school for a full day. Only
one of the three orphaned children was still residing with appellant. Appellant has no
physical or mental barriers to employment, but testified that she could not maintain
employment due to needing to help the children with homework and taking care of them.
{¶11} Since her divorce, appellant had not applied for any full time work. The
parties’ three children all are involved in athletic extra circular activities and appellee has
contributed to the costs of these sports.
{¶12} Appellee receives both private disability in the amount of $78,000.00 and
Social Security Disability in the amount of $30,474.00. Each of the children receives
$411.00 a month in derivative Social Security benefits. In January of 2019, appellee
requested that CSEA review his case because appellant had employment. The
recommendation was that appellee pay a total of $425.72 a month in child support.
Appellee asked the trial court for a downward deviation. He noted that appellant was
working and that he was spending more money on food, transportation, the children’s’
activities and other expenses. He was no longer paying spousal support. Appellee’s
private disability is expected to terminate in 12 to 15 months at latest in December of
Stark County, Case No. 2019CA00185 5
2021. Appellee testified that he believed appellant was capable to earning at least
minimum wage. He testified that the parties had equal time shared parenting and admitted
that one of the reasons he was asking for a 50% deviation was time allocation. He
testified that he paid expenses beyond the child support and beyond the derivative
benefits. Appellee was concerned that his financial stability would get worse the further
that he went into debt and his ability to provide for his children would get worse. He
believed the current child support orders were too severe.
{¶13} The trial court, pursuant to a Judgment Entry filed on November 21, 2019,
found that a necessary change of circumstances and a ten percent (10%) change in
income to warrant a modification of support. The trial court declined to impute income to
appellant but adopted CSEA’s recommendation of a support offset for the derivative
benefit and granted appellee a downward deviation of support to a monthly obligation of
$210.75 plus cash medical of $94.06.
{¶14} Appellant now appeals, raising the following assignments of error on
appeal:
{¶15} “I. THE COURT ERRED IN NOT DEFERRING TO THE EXPRESS TERMS
OF THE PARTIES’ SEPARATION AGREEMENT, WHICH REQUIRED THE
CHILDREN’S SOCIAL SECURITY DERIVATIVE BENEFITS BE USED AS A BASIS TO
DEVIATE FROM THE GUIDELINE-CALCULATED AMOUNT OF CHILD SUPPORT AND
NOT AS A DIRECT CREDIT AGAINST THE FATHER’S OBLIGATION.”
{¶16} “II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DEVIATING FROM THE GUIDELINE-
CALCULATED AMOUNT OF CHILD SUPPORT BASED ON EQUAL PARENTING
TIME.”
Stark County, Case No. 2019CA00185 6
I
{¶17} Appellant, in her first assignment of error, argues that the trial court erred in
not deferring to the express terms of the parties’ separation agreement, which required
the children’s social security derivative benefits to be used as a basis to deviate from the
guideline-calculated amount of child support and not as a direct credit against appellee’s
obligation.
{¶18} Derivative benefits inure directly to the child recipient and are the property
of that child. Rigel v. Rigel, 5th Dist. Muskingum No. CT98-0021, 1999 WL 436824 (June
23, 1999). In Williams v. Williams, 88 Ohio St.3d 441,2000-Ohio-375, 727 N.E.2d 895,
the court held that the Social Security payments made to a minor because of a parent's
disability should be set off from the disabled parent's child-support obligation. R.C.
3119.05(O) provides that “Any non-means tested benefit received by the child or children
subject to the order resulting from the claims of either parent shall be deducted from that
parent's annual child support obligation after all other adjustments have been made.”
{¶19} The trial court in this case set off the disability payments from the child
support obligation. We find no err on the part of the trial court. The trial court complied
with Williams and considered the best interests of the children.
{¶20} Appellant’s first assignment of error is, therefore, overruled.
II
{¶21} Appellant, in her second assignment of error, argues that the trial court
erred in deviating from the guideline-calculated amount of child support based on equal
parenting time.
Stark County, Case No. 2019CA00185 7
{¶22} Child support decisions, including the decision to deviate from the actual
obligation, are reviewed for abuse of discretion. Booth v. Booth, 44 Ohio St.3d 142, 144,
541 N.E.2d 1028 (1989). An abuse of discretion connotes more than an error of law or
judgment; it implies that the court's attitude is unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable.
Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983).
{¶23} When there is shared parenting, a trial court may not automatically deviate
from the worksheet amount in order to credit an obligor for any time the child spends with
that parent. Pauly v. Pauly, 80 Ohio St.3d 386, 388-389, 1997-Ohio-105, 686 N.E.2d
1108. R.C. 3119.24 allows the trial court to deviate from the guideline calculation if that
amount “would be unjust or inappropriate to the children or either parent and would not
be in the best interest of the child because of extraordinary circumstances of the parents
or because of any other factors or criteria as set forth in R.C. 3119.23 of the Revised
Code.” The fact that parents equally share in parenting time does not, by itself, justify a
deviation in the amount of child support. Glassner v. Glassner, 160 Ohio App.3d 648,
2005-Ohio-1936, 828 N.E.2d 642, ¶ 48 (5th Dist.). Equal parenting time is one factor to
be considered by the trial court. R.C. 3119.23 provides the trial court an additional 16
factors it may consider in determining whether to deviate from the child support guideline.
{¶24} In the case sub judice, there was evidence before the trial court that
appellant did not work full-time outside the home while the children were young so that
she could be involved in their education and extracurricular activities. There was also
testimony that appellee’s income came from disability and that when his private disability
ran out, his income would decrease. Both parents had the children approximately 50% of
the time.
Stark County, Case No. 2019CA00185 8
{¶25} We cannot say that the trial court abused its discretion because the trial
court’s decision was not arbitrary, unreasonable or unconscionable. Once appellee’s
private disability runs out, his income will be significantly reduced. Appellee testified that
he could not continue to go into debt with all of the child support and child-related
expenses. Equal parenting time was only one factor before the trial court. The trial court
did not err in finding that it was in the children’s best interest to deviate from the child
support guideline amount. The trial court, in its Order, referenced both R.C. 3119.22 and
3119.23 in deviating from the schedules. The trial court made findings regarding the
parties’ ability to work, financial resources and the children’s best interest.
{¶26} Appellant’s second assignment of error is overruled.
{¶27} Accordingly, the judgment of the Stark County Court of Common Pleas,
Family Court Division, is affirmed.
By: Baldwin, J.
Wise, John, J. concur,
Hoffman, P.J. dissents.
Stark County, Case No. 2019CA00185 9
Hoffman, P.J., dissenting
{¶28} I respectfully dissent from the majority opinion. I would sustain Appellant’s
first assignment of error.
{¶29} I begin by recognizing the Ohio Supreme Court held, in Williams v. Williams,
2000-Ohio-375, “A disabled parent is entitled to a full credit in his or her child support
obligation for Social Security payments received by a minor child due to the parent’s
disability.” Id., at syllabus. I further recognize R.C. 3119.05(O) mandates such benefits
be deducted from the parent’s child support obligation. The trial court complied with both
the Ohio Supreme Court precedent and the statute in rendering its November 21, 2019
Judgment Entry. Why then, one might ask, do I dissent?
{¶30} The original child support calculation worksheet did not give Appellee-
husband any credit or deduction for the Social Security benefits received by the children.
That is because, in the Separation Agreement and Shared Parenting Plan, the parties
agreed to deviate downwards from the worksheet calculation based, in part, upon the
derivative benefit received by the minor children. Significantly, that agreement and plan
was approved and adopted by the trial court as part of its divorce decree filed April 11,
2013. I say significantly because the divorce decree was filed over 12 years after the
Ohio Supreme Court issued the Williams decision. The child support order was in conflict
with Williams when issued. Appellee-husband did not seek to challenge it on direct
appeal. As such, I find the treatment of the children’s derivative benefits became law of
the case between these parties for calculation of any future modification of child support.
Stark County, Case No. 2019CA00185 10
{¶31} Also of significance is the fact Williams was codified in R.C. 3119.05(O)
after the parties divorce was finalized.1 Thus, the legislative mandate was not in effect
at the time of the divorce. I believe to give retroactive application of the statute to the
parties’ agreement would result in an unconstitutional impairment of contract.
{¶32} Accordingly, I would sustain Appellant-wife’s first assignment of error,
vacate the trial court’s child support order, and remand the matter to the trial court to
recalculate child support.2
1R.C. 3119.05(O) became effective on March 28, 2019.
2Based upon my disposition of Appellant-wife’s first assignment of error, I would find her second
assignment of error to be premature.