Search Mgt., L.L.C. v. Fillinger , 2020 Ohio 3036 ( 2020 )

[Cite as Search Mgt., L.L.C. v. Fillinger, 2020-Ohio-3036.]
COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
SEARCH MANAGEMENT L.L.C., :
Plaintiff-Appellant, :
No. 108901
v. :
JUDY FILLINGER, :
Defendant-Appellee. :
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: May 21, 2020
Civil Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CV-18-902138
Appearances:
John Wood, for appellant.
LARRY A. JONES, SR., J.:
{¶ 1} Plaintiff-appellant, Search Management L.L.C. (“Search
Management”), appeals the trial court’s decision granting default judgment on its
complaint for ejectment. Finding no merit to the appeal, we affirm.
{¶ 2} In 2017, defendant-appellee, Judy Fillinger (“Fillinger”), signed a ten-
year note in favor of Search Management for $95,000 and executed a mortgage on
a property located on Victory Road in South Euclid, Ohio. The note required interest
payments of $475 per month. Fillinger did not make the payments.
{¶ 3} In 2018, Search Management filed a complaint for ejectment.
Fillinger did not answer or otherwise respond and Search Management moved for
default judgment.
{¶ 4} In 2019, the trial court granted Search Management’s motion,
finding, in part:
Fillinger is in default under the terms and conditions of the note and
* * * owes to Search Management, LLC the sum of $104,975 as of
October 1, 2018.
The conditions in the mortgage deed have been broken by reason of
non-payment * * * As a consequence, plaintiff is entitled to an
ejectment of the defendant * * * .
Search Management is entitled to take possession of the mortgaged
property, receive income from it, and apply the proceeds to the debt,
restoring the property to Fillinger when the debt is satisfied. * * * If
plaintiff does not receive rental income from the property, then it
should apply the fair market value from its possession and use of the
property to the underlying debt.
***
A writ of possession is granted in favor of Search Management.
(Citations omitted.) Order Granting Plaintiff’s Motion for Default Judgment (Aug.
5, 2019).
{¶ 5} It is from this order that Search Management now appeals, raising the
following assignment of error for our review:
I. It was error for the [court’s] Order to forbid Plaintiff Search
Management from recording its absolute ownership of the premises
after the court found there was a default in the condition of the
mortgage deed, error not to extinguish Defendant Fillinger’s equity of
redemption, error to order Plaintiff to apply all the rents and profits to
payment of Fillinger’s debt to Search Management, and error to order
that the premises be returned to Fillinger upon payment of the
defaulted debt.
{¶ 6} In its sole assignment of error, Search Management contends that the
trial court erred when it issued a writ of possession to the company rather than
granting the company absolute ownership over the Victory Road property.
{¶ 7} Search Management contends that because it gained possession of
the property through a writ of ejection, its title to the premises is absolute and it has
no duty to account for rents and profits or to return the premises to Fillinger if she
satisfies the debt. We disagree.
{¶ 8} The Ohio Supreme Court has long recognized that upon a mortgagor’s
default, the mortgagee may elect among separate and independent remedies to
collect the debt secured by the mortgage. Deutsche Bank Natl. Trust Co. v. Holden,
147 Ohio St.3d 85, 2016-Ohio-4603, 60 N.E.3d 1243, ¶ 21, citing Carr v. Home
Owners Loan Corp., 148 Ohio St. 533, 76 N.E.2d 389 (1947). A “mortgagee may
seek a personal judgment against the mortgagor to recover the amount due on the
promissory note, without resort to the mortgaged property.” Holden at ¶ 22, citing
State ex rel. Squire v. Pejsa, 148 Ohio St. 1, 72 N.E.2d 374 (1947). The mortgagee
may also
bring an action to enforce the mortgage, which “is for the exclusive
benefit of the mortgagee and those claiming under him [or her].” A
mortgage conveys a conditional property interest to the mortgagee as
security for a debt * * * and upon default, legal title to the mortgaged
property passes to the mortgagee as between the mortgagor and
mortgagee. Because of this superior title, the mortgagee may bring an
action in ejectment to take possession of the mortgaged property,
receive the income from it, and apply the proceeds to the debt, restoring
the property to the mortgagor when the debt is satisfied.
(Citations omitted.) Holden at ¶ 23, quoting Phelps’ Lessee v. Butler, 2 OHIO 224,
226 (1826).
{¶ 9} Third, “the mortgagee may bring a foreclosure action to cut off the
mortgagor’s right of redemption, determine the existence and extent of the
mortgage lien, and have the mortgaged property sold for its satisfaction.” Holden at
¶ 24, citing Wilborn v. Bank One Corp., 121 Ohio St.3d 546, 2009-Ohio-306, 906
N.E.2d 396.
{¶ 10} Thus, upon a mortgagor’s default, the mortgagee has three separate
and independent remedies that it may pursue in an attempt to collect the debt
secured by the mortgage: a personal judgment against the mortgagor to obtain the
amount owing on the promissory note; an action in ejectment based on the
mortgage; and an action in foreclosure based upon the mortgage. United States
Bank Natl. Assn. v. O’Malley, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 108191, 2019-Ohio-5340, ¶ 16,
citing Holden at ¶ 22-24.
{¶ 11} In this case, mortgagee Search Management chose to file an action in
ejectment. Search Management did not file a foreclosure action. Search
Management submitted a proposed judgment entry to the trial court that would
have foreclosed on mortgagor Fillinger’s equity of redemption and allowed the
company to “record its full interest in the property with the County Recorder.” But
the trial court did not use Search Management’s proposed entry, rather, it drafted
its own entry and noted that the remedy of ejectment does not cut off the right to
redemption. By operation, ejectment ‘“does not cut off the right of redemption, and
the mortgagor has time to redeem by action, wherein the rights and equities of the
parties, including the debt secured by the mortgage, the rents and profits, etc., may
all be adjusted by a court of equity.”’ Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v. Young, 2d Dist.
Darke No. 2009 CA 12, 2011-Ohio-122, ¶ 44, quoting Levin v. Carney, 161 Ohio St.
513, 520, 120 N.E.2d 92 (1954).
{¶ 12} Therefore, the trial court did not err when it issued a writ of
possession to Search Management rather than granting the company absolute
ownership over the property.
{¶ 13} The sole assignment of error is overruled.
{¶ 14} Judgment affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the
common pleas court to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
LARRY A. JONES, SR., JUDGE
EILEEN T. GALLAGHER, A.J., and
KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, J., CONCUR