State v. Ritchie , 2021 Ohio 1298 ( 2021 )

[Cite as State v. Ritchie, 2021-Ohio-1298.]
COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
STATE OF OHIO, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
No. 109493
v. :
CHAD B. RITCHIE, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: April 15, 2021
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CR-15-598914-A
Appearances:
Michael C. O’Malley, Cuyahoga County Prosecuting
Attorney, and Mary M. Frey, Assistant Prosecuting
Attorneys, for appellee.
Scott J. Friedman, for appellant.
MARY EILEEN KILBANE, J.:
Defendant-appellant Chad B. Ritchie (“Ritchie”) appeals from the
denial of his postsentence motion to withdraw his guilty plea. For the reasons that
follow, we affirm.
Factual and Procedural History
On August 30, 2015, Olmsted Township police arrested Ritchie
following an incident at his home. Ritchie and his then wife, Jill Ritchie (“Jill”), got
into an argument when Jill suspected that Ritchie had been drinking. Jill hid the
car keys so that Ritchie could not drive while intoxicated, and he became angry and
left the house. Jill locked the doors, and a neighbor called the police when they
observed Ritchie trying to kick in the front door and screaming obscenities. Before
police arrived at the home, Ritchie went back inside the house through a rear
window.
When the police arrived, Jill came out of the front door, upset and
crying and telling the officers that Ritchie was out of control. Officers entered the
home and Ritchie began to scream at them to leave. While Ritchie continued to
scream at the officers, they ordered Ritchie to place his hands behind his back.
Ritchie refused and ultimately engaged in a physical struggle with the officers.
During the struggle, several officers tried to restrain Ritchie and tased him multiple
times. Ritchie continued to fight with the officers. One officer’s report stated that
Ritchie threw a glass jar at an officer, nearly striking the officer in the head. Another
report stated that Ritchie gouged the officer’s left eye with his fingers. After an
extensive struggle, officers were finally able to handcuff Ritchie while he was laying
on the ground. Upon being handcuffed, Ritchie intentionally spit blood at two
officers and continued to yell obscenities at them.
Ritchie was transported to Southwest General Hospital, where he
continued to yell obscenities and multiple hospital security personnel were required
to restrain him so that he could be treated for his injuries.
On September 4, 2015, a Cuyahoga County Grand Jury indicted
Ritchie for the foregoing incident on one count of domestic violence, two counts of
assault against a police officer, two counts of endangering children, and one count
of harassment by inmate. On January 19, 2016, Ritchie pleaded guilty to two counts
of assault against a police officer, in violation of R.C. 2903.13(A). On February 18,
2016, the court sentenced Ritchie to two years of community control and ordered
him to report for regular random alcohol testing and to regularly attend Alcoholics
Anonymous meetings, imposed 60 hours of community service, and imposed court
costs. The court informed Ritchie that if he failed to comply with the terms of his
sentence, he could be sentenced to 36 months in prison.
On September 6, 2016, Ritchie pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor OVI
offense in Rocky River Municipal Court. As a result, on October 7, 2016, the trial
court held a hearing on an alleged violation of community control sanctions. The
court found Ritchie to be in violation of his community control and sentenced him
to six days in jail. The court reiterated the terms of his community control and
reminded him that any further violation could result in 36 months in prison.
On June 15 and June 19, 2017, the court held a hearing on an alleged
violation of his community control and found that Ritchie violated the terms of his
community control a second time when a March 24, 2017 drug test was positive for
cocaine. The court sentenced Ritchie to 60 days in jail and applied 28 days of jail-
time credit. The court again warned Ritchie that if he failed to comply with the terms
of his community control, he would be sentenced to prison.
On December 8, 2017, Olmsted Township police arrested Ritchie and
he was charged with an OVI, endangering children, and numerous other offenses.
The court held a probation violation hearing on December 18, 2017, and Ritchie
admitted that he violated the terms of his community control. Following this third
violation of his community control, the court sentenced Ritchie to 18 months in
prison on each count of assault against a police officer, to be served consecutively,
for a total of 36 months in prison.
Between November 2018 and April 2019, Ritchie filed two motions
for judicial release. Both motions were denied.
On October 28, 2019, almost three years after entering his guilty plea,
and almost two years into his three-year sentence, Ritchie filed a pro se motion to
withdraw his guilty plea. Ritchie sought to withdraw his January 19, 2016 guilty plea
to two counts of assault against a police officer. Ritchie’s motion argued that he
received ineffective assistance of counsel because his counsel failed to properly
review the evidence in his case with him prior to Ritchie’s guilty plea. Ritchie’s
motion also argued that his counsel was ineffective for not objecting to the
imposition of consecutive sentences for his violation of community control. In
support of his motion, Ritchie attached police reports from his August 2015 arrest,
taser reports, and affidavits from himself, Jill, Ritchie’s neighbor, and Ritchie’s
brother.
On December 9, 2019, the state filed a brief in opposition to Ritchie’s
motion. On December 24, 2019, Ritchie filed additional documents in support of
his motion, including an affidavit from himself and copies of correspondence
between Ritchie and his trial counsel. On January 3, 2020, the court denied
Ritchie’s motion to withdraw his guilty plea without a hearing.
This appeal follows. Ritchie presents the following assignment of
error for our review:
The trial court abused its discretion when it denied the Appellant’s
motion to withdraw his guilty plea without an evidentiary hearing.
Legal Analysis
In his sole assignment of error, Ritchie argues that the court abused
its discretion in denying his postsentence motion to withdraw his guilty plea without
first holding an evidentiary hearing. Specifically, Ritchie argues that because his
motion was based on matters outside the record, he was entitled to an evidentiary
hearing. According to Ritchie, his motion contained allegations that, if accepted as
true, would require that he be allowed to withdraw his plea. We disagree.
Crim.R. 32.1 governs withdrawals of guilty pleas. It states:
A motion to withdraw a plea of guilty or no contest may be made only
before sentence is imposed; but to correct manifest injustice the court
after sentence may set aside the judgment of conviction and permit the
defendant to withdraw his or her plea.
Therefore, a defendant who moves to withdraw a guilty plea after a sentence has
been imposed bears the additional burden of demonstrating manifest injustice.
State v. Cochran, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos. 91768, 91826, and 92171, 2009-Ohio-
1693, ¶ 18, citing State v. Smith, 49 Ohio St.2d 261, 264, 361 N.E.2d 1324 (1977). “A
manifest injustice is a fundamental flaw in the proceedings that results in a
miscarriage of justice or is inconsistent with the requirements of due process.”
(Citations omitted.) State v. Jones, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos. 108073 and 108089,
2019-Ohio-4355, ¶ 12.
Further, although Crim.R. 32.1 does not provide for a time limit after
the imposition of sentence during which a postsentence motion to withdraw a guilty
plea must be made, courts have long recognized that “an undue delay between the
occurrence of the alleged cause for withdrawal and the filing of the motion is a factor
adversely affecting the credibility of the movant and militating against the granting
of the motion.” State v. Smith, 49 Ohio St.2d 261, 264, 361 N.E.2d 1324 (1977).
Because the determination of whether a defendant has demonstrated
manifest injustice is left to the sound discretion of the trial court, we review a trial
court’s decision on a postsentence motion to withdraw a guilty plea for an abuse of
discretion. Id., citing State v. Colon, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 104944, 2017-Ohio-
8478, ¶ 7. An abuse of discretion occurs where a trial court’s decision is
unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d
217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983).
Additionally, a trial court is only required to hold a hearing on a
postsentence motion to withdraw a guilty plea if the facts alleged by the defendant,
if accepted as true, would require that the defendant be allowed to withdraw the
plea. State v. Vihtelic, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 105381, 2017-Ohio-5818, ¶ 11, citing
State v. Chandler, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 13AP-452, 2013-Ohio-4671, ¶ 7.
As an initial matter, we note that the consecutive-sentence argument
Ritchie made in his motion is not a basis for withdrawing his guilty plea, and this
argument was not addressed by Ritchie in this appeal. Therefore, our analysis will
be limited to Ritchie’s arguments regarding his trial counsel’s alleged failure to
investigate.
Ritchie’s argument in support of his motion is that the additional
police reports, taser records, and eyewitness affidavits he attached to his motion
support a different version of events than the single police report that Ritchie’s
counsel possessed when Ritchie pleaded guilty. According to Ritchie, his counsel’s
failure to investigate the discrepancies between his account of the incident and the
various officers’ accounts amounts to ineffective assistance of counsel that should
allow him to withdraw his guilty plea. Further, Ritchie argues that because his
motion raised matters that were outside of the trial court record that demonstrate
that he was unable to fully review discovery in his case prior to pleading guilty, the
trial court was required to hold an evidentiary hearing.
A claim of ineffective assistance of counsel is waived by a guilty plea,
except to the extent that the ineffective assistance of counsel caused the defendant’s
plea to be less than knowing, intelligent, and voluntary. State v. Peak, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 102850, 2015-Ohio-4702, ¶ 17, citing State v. Williams, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 100459, 2014-Ohio-3415, ¶ 11, citing State v. Spates, 64 Ohio St.3d
269, 595 N.E.2d 351 (1992), citing Tollett v. Henderson, 411 U.S. 258, 267, 93 S.Ct.
1602, 36 L.Ed.2d 235 (1973). In these cases, a defendant can establish the prejudice
necessary for an ineffective assistance of counsel claim only by demonstrating that
there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s deficient performance, he
would not have pled guilty to the offense at issue and would have insisted on going
to trial. Id. Further, “the prejudice inquiry in the context of a guilty plea requires a
‘nuanced analysis of all of the factors surrounding the plea decision,’ including the
benefits associated with a plea, the possible punishments involved, the weight of the
evidence against the defendant and any other special circumstances that might
support or rebut” the defendant’s claim that they would have chosen to go to trial.
State v. Porter, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 106032, 2018-Ohio-1200, quoting State v.
Ayesta, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 101383, 2015-Ohio-600, ¶ 16.
Ritchie’s postsentence motion to withdraw his guilty plea did not
meet this burden. Ritchie’s motion argued that there were discrepancies and
falsehoods in the various police reports from his August 2015 arrest. Specifically,
Ritchie asserts that officers deployed their tasers more than they initially stated, and
that in general, the officers were significantly more aggressive toward Ritchie than
the situation warranted. None of the alleged discrepancies demonstrate that his plea
was not knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily entered. Further, a defendant’s
own self-serving affidavits alleging a coerced guilty plea are insufficient to rebut a
record showing that this plea was voluntary. State v. Shaw, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No.
102802, 2016-Ohio-923, ¶ 10, quoting State v. Kapper, 5 Ohio St.3d 36, 448 N.E.2d
823 (1983). Here, the affidavits Ritchie provided in support of his motion highlight
discrepancies in the various police reports of the incident, but they do nothing to
significantly undermine Ritchie’s guilty plea.
Our review of the record reveals that the trial court fully complied
with Crim.R. 11 when it accepted Ritchie’s guilty plea. The record also reveals that
Ritchie confirmed that he was satisfied with his representation at the plea hearing,
telling the court that he was “grateful” for his attorney’s service. Further, the record
contains repeated instances of Ritchie accepting responsibility for his actions on
August 30, 2015, that undermine the arguments in his postsentence motion to
withdraw his guilty plea.
Prior to pleading guilty in this case, Ritchie personally apologized to
two of the arresting officers he assaulted. In a letter to the officers attached to the
sentencing memorandum, Ritchie described his behavior as “abhorrent” and said
that he was a “violent person” on August 30, 2015. At the sentencing hearing,
Ritchie stated:
I’d like to sincerely apologize for my conduct and fully accept
responsibility as well as the consequences. I truly am sorry. I want to
apologize to my wife and daughters for putting their safety in jeopardy
on that fateful evening * * *. The man who stands before you is a far
cry from that pathetic person who committed those crimes.
Additionally, Ritchie’s counsel stated in his sentencing memorandum that Ritchie
“does not dispute, and is in fact horrified by, his conduct.” Even in the conclusion
of Ritchie’s motion to withdraw his guilty plea, he acknowledges that he was “not an
innocent bystander” on the date of his arrest. He merely disputes the details leading
to arrest.
This is insufficient to show that Ritchie received ineffective assistance
of counsel that rendered his guilty plea less than knowing, intelligent, or voluntary.
Because Ritchie has not demonstrated a manifest injustice that would permit him to
withdraw his guilty plea three years after entering it, the trial court’s denial of
Ritchie’s motion was not unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable. Therefore, the
trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying Ritchie’s motion without an
evidentiary hearing. Ritchie’s sole assignment of error is overruled.
Judgment affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the
common pleas court to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
MARY EILEEN KILBANE, JUDGE
FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., P.J., and
KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, J., CONCUR