State v. Balducci , 2020 Ohio 5334 ( 2020 )

[Cite as State v. Balducci, 2020-Ohio-5334.]
COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
STATE OF OHIO :
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
No. 109262
v. :
ANTHONY BALDUCCI, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: November 19, 2020
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CR-19-636936-A
Appearances:
Michael C. O’Malley, Cuyahoga County Prosecuting
Attorney, and Kristin M. Karkutt, Assistant Prosecuting
Attorney, for appellee.
Allison F. Hibbard, for appellant.
MARY EILEEN KILBANE, J.:
Defendant-appellant Anthony Balducci (“Balducci”), appeals from
the trial court’s judgment denying his motion to withdraw his guilty plea. After a
careful review of the record, we find the trial court did not abuse its discretion in
denying Balducci’s motion and we therefore affirm the judgment.
I. FACTS
Balducci was indicted on February 12, 2019, for offenses dated
January 27, 2019. The indictment alleged four counts: (1) aggravated murder under
R.C. 2903.01(A) (Count 1), an unclassified felony; (2) murder under R.C.
2903.02(B) (Count 2), an unclassified felony; (3) felonious assault under R.C.
2903.11(A)(1) (Count 3), a second-degree felony; and (4) having weapons while
under disability under R.C. 2923.13(A)(2) (Count 4), a third-degree felony. All four
counts included one- and three-year firearm specifications, but Count 4 was later
amended to delete the specifications.
The state described video footage that formed the underlying facts of
the charges at the original sentencing hearing at which Balducci moved to withdraw
his guilty plea. The state reported that Balducci drove a Chevy Impala to pay a cell
phone bill in person at the cell phone store on January 27, 2019. Video footage from
the cell phone store shows him leaving the store at 1:39 p.m. Shortly thereafter, both
Balducci and the victim appear in security footage at a dollar store. The victim left
the store and was captured on neighborhood security footage entering a pedestrian
footbridge at 1:53 p.m. The last video showing the victim alive on the footbridge was
at 1:54 p.m.
There is also video of Balducci driving the Impala to a street near the
same footbridge. The video shows that he parked his car and exited the vehicle at
1:46 p.m., then walked towards the footbridge. He is then off camera for ten minutes
and 22 seconds, after which he reappears, returning from the direction of the
footbridge, and walks towards the vehicle at 1:57 p.m. No other individuals appear
on the video footage in the vicinity of the footbridge during the same timeframe.
Two teenagers found the victim on the footbridge around 4:00 p.m.
the same day and reported their finding to the police. The victim suffered three
gunshot wounds, two to the face and one to his heart. The state represented that the
clothes Balducci wore in the video tested positive for gunshot residue a few days
later.
A. Plea Hearing
The trial court held a pretrial on October 24, 2019. Trial was set for
October 28, 2019. On the morning of trial, Balducci accepted a plea deal shortly
before voir dire was to begin. As part of the plea deal, the state amended Count 1
from aggravated murder under R.C. 2903.01(A) to murder under R.C. 2903.02(A).
The one- and three-year firearms specifications remained on Count 1. Count 4,
having weapons while under disability, had previously been amended to delete the
firearms specifications. The state dismissed Count 2 and Count 3. Balducci pled
guilty to amended Counts 1 and 4.
In lieu of trial, the court held a plea hearing pursuant to Crim.R. 11.
After the state outlined the plea agreement, the trial court addressed Balducci
personally. The trial court noted that Balducci had the opportunity to speak with
his attorneys and family members before accepting the plea deal. Before beginning
the questioning, the trial court informed Balducci that he was “welcome to stop and
ask me, or of course you may ask your respective attorneys” if he had any questions.
(Tr. 17.) Balducci stated that he understood. In response to the trial court’s
questioning, Balducci stated that he is 42 years old; that he had obtained a GED;
that he was not under the influence of any drugs, alcohol, or medication; that he was
satisfied with the work of his attorneys; and that he is a United States citizen.
The trial court reminded Balducci that he could ask questions before
the court proceeded to review the constitutional rights he would waive by pleading
guilty. Balducci stated that he understood he would be waiving certain
constitutional rights by pleading guilty, including the right to a trial by jury; the right
to confront and cross-examine the state’s witnesses; the right to call witnesses on
his behalf; the right to a lawyer; and the right to testify or not testify. He also stated
that he understood that the state would bear the burden of proof beyond a
reasonable doubt at trial.
The court then informed Balducci that the penalty for murder, Count
1, is 15 years to life and explained that with the firearm specifications, he could face
a sentence of 18 years to life for Count 1, followed by parole supervision. Balducci
stated he understood. The court then explained the potential maximum penalties
associated with Count 4, having weapons while under disability. The court
explained that Count 4 could include up to three years of postrelease control,
although the court immediately clarified that he would instead be subject to parole
due to the murder conviction. The trial court also stated that it could order
consecutive sentences on the two counts to which he was pleading guilty and that
the court would set a date for sentencing if he entered a guilty plea. Balducci stated
that he understood.
Next, the trial court set forth the counts to which Balducci was
pleading guilty, including Count 1, murder with one- and three-year firearms
specifications and Count 4, having weapons while under disability. Balducci pled
guilty to each count. He stated it was his choice to plead guilty and that no one made
any threats or promises in order to get him to plead guilty. The trial court found that
Balducci understood his constitutional rights and that he knowingly, intelligently,
and voluntarily waived those rights. The court accepted his guilty plea and went on
to discuss logistics for the sentencing hearing.
The court indicated that it would accept sentencing memorandums
and that it would “wait to receive the information that I get from both the
prosecutors as well as your lawyers” before imposing a sentence. (Tr. 16; 22-23.)
Balducci’s trial counsel initially requested an expedited presentencing investigation
report, but later agreed to proceed to sentencing without a report. The court advised
Balducci’s counsel, “if you file a sentencing memorandum, have your client’s letters
from his family present and able for me to review” and scheduled sentencing for
October 31, 2019, three days after the plea hearing. (Tr. 29-30.)
B. Motion to Withdrawal
At what started as a sentencing hearing, the court began by stating to
defense counsel that it had reviewed the state’s sentencing memorandum, a prior
presentence investigation report, and “all of the information that was contained in
the letter that was provided to the Court as it related to your client.” (Tr. 32-33.)
The state then recounted the video footage of Balducci and the victim.
The court then heard from the victim’s father and the mother of the victim’s child,
who had just started kindergarten. The victim’s mother was also present, but did
not address the court. Balducci’s attorneys spoke on his behalf and asked for
concurrent sentences, stating that Balducci was “deeply sorry for what he did” and
“has accepted responsibility.” (Tr. 42.)
The trial court then addressed Balducci, stating “I am appreciative
that you accepted responsibility.” (Tr. 44.) At that point, Balducci asked to speak.
He stated:
Thank you, Your Honor. My heart goes out to his family. I know [the
victim’s mother] very well, his mother, she lived with me for a year and
a half. I supported her like I would my own mother.
With that being said, I want to withdraw my plea of guilty. I don’t feel
that I should plead guilty to something I didn’t do. I didn’t discuss this
with my lawyers first because I feel that their best interest is not my
best interest. I would like to enter a plea of not guilty.
***
I made a rash decision, Your Honor, and I apologize.
(Tr. 44.)
The trial court advised that he should take time to consider his
decision to withdraw his plea and that it did not think the decision to withdraw was
in his best interest. Balducci responded:
I understand, Your Honor and I have done that. We sat for hours the
other day before they convinced me that pleading guilty was my only
way out. They told me that if I go to trial I’m not going to win. And
with that attitude, you’re not going to win, and that’s how I felt, like I
had no other choice but to plead guilty.
***
There’s things that I requested that the lawyers didn’t do to try to help
my case, and I feel that my best interest is not their best interest.
(Tr. 45-46.)
The trial court again encouraged Balducci to think seriously about his
decision, stating that his counsel was very experienced. He replied:
I understand, Your Honor, and I by no means am as educated as my
lawyers. And so hindsight is 20/20, and after I went back and I was
able to actually think about what happened, we could say buyer’s
remorse, but even at the time of sentencing when I did decide to plead
guilty, oftentimes I didn’t understand what you were saying. I had to
ask my lawyer what do I do, and he said “guilty,” so I would just repeat
what he told me to say. I truly didn’t understand what you were saying
a lot of the times until I went back and actually thought about it.
(Tr. 48.)
The trial court questioned Balducci’s sincerity regarding his supposed
lack of understanding given his responses and demeanor at the plea hearing, but set
a hearing date for his motion to withdrawal his guilty plea.
C. Hearing on Motion to Withdraw Plea
A hearing for the motion to withdraw was set for November 6, 2019.
The parties appeared in court that day, including Balducci’s original counsel and
new counsel. Balducci’s original counsel withdrew from representing him. The trial
court granted a continuance to allow his new counsel more time to review the case.
During the proceeding, Balducci agreed with the trial court that he spent “quite a lot
of time” speaking with his family and attorneys before entering his guilty plea. (Tr.
54.) He also confirmed that he watched the state’s video evidence before pleading
guilty.
The trial court held a hearing on Balducci’s motion to withdraw his
plea on November 14, 2019. The trial court began the hearing by stating that it had
reviewed the jail logs and transport logs indicating when trial counsel met with
Balducci. The courted noted that Balducci’s counsel went to the jail seven times and
that Balducci was transferred to the court five times to meet with his attorneys,
excluding the dates he came to the court to plea and be sentenced, for a total of at
least 12 visits. The court also stated that it reviewed the timeframe of the case, and
noted the court’s multiple interactions with Balducci, and his interactions with his
previous lawyers. The trial court further noted that Balducci had pled guilty in prior
cases and was not “new to the system.” (Tr. 59.)
The court also noted its familiarity with Balducci’s original counsel
and their many years of experience. The court observed that his counsel “spent a
significant amount of time with [Balducci]” and “were thoroughly engaged in talking
to him.” (Tr. 67.) The trial court acknowledged Balducci’s concern that his original
counsel did not have his best interests in mind based on their assessment of the
likely outcome of proceeding to trial. It explained that “good lawyers are not there
to tell you just what you want to hear” and still “fight” for their clients regardless of
their assessment of the likely outcome. (Tr. 74.)
The trial court stated that it also reviewed the transcripts from the
case up to that point. The trial court noted the absence of any evidence of mental
health challenges or cognitive impairment and observed that Balducci appeared
“very engaged” and “very attune[d]” during court proceedings. (Tr. 65.) The trial
court also stated that it believed Balducci “was accepting responsibility, truthfully,
for the crime in question.” (Tr. 67.) It did not observe any indication that Balducci
was confused or concerned during the plea hearing.
The trial court also noted several circumstances that led it to question
the sincerity of Balducci’s desire to withdraw his guilty plea. In particular, it noted
that Balducci stated “hindsight is 20/20” as one reason for requesting a withdrawal.
The court further noted that the timing of Balducci’s request was “suspect to the
Court” in that he waited until just before sentencing was to proceed before
addressing the victim’s family members and then finally requesting to withdraw his
plea. (Tr. 73.)
The trial court also gave Balducci’s new counsel a chance to speak on
his behalf regarding his motion to withdraw his guilty plea. Counsel argued that
original counsel’s 12 visits with Balducci prior to his guilty plea were “very little.”
(Tr. 82.) Counsel further argued that original counsel failed to investigate a so-
called “Facebook confession,” and instead relied on the results of the state’s
investigation, which apparently removed the Facebook poster as a suspect before
Balducci was identified as a suspect. (Tr. 82.) They argued that trial counsel should
have retained an independent investigator to investigate the possible confession.
Finding that Balducci had merely changed his mind when faced with
sentencing, the trial court denied his motion to withdraw his plea. The trial court
then sentenced Balducci to life with the possibility of parole after 15 years on Count
1, murder, and three years on the three-year firearm specification associated with
Count 1. The court ordered the three-year term be served before the 15-year term so
that the full sentence for Count 1 was life with the possibility of parole after 18 years.
The trial court sentenced Balducci to three years on Count 4, having a weapon while
under disability, to be served concurrently with the 15-year sentence for murder, but
consecutively with the three-year sentence for the firearm specification. The total
sentence is life with the possibility of parole at 18 years.
Balducci raises one assignment of error on appeal:
The trial court abused its discretion in denying Appellant’s presentence
motion to withdraw plea.
II. LAW AND ANALYSIS
A. Standard of Review
“We review a trial court’s ruling on a motion to withdraw a guilty plea
for abuse of discretion.” State v. Hines, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 108326, 2020-Ohio-
663, ¶ 7, citing State v. Xie, 62 Ohio St.3d 521, 526, 584 N.E.2d 715 (1992). “‘The
term “abuse of discretion” connotes more than an error of law or judgment; it
implies that the court’s attitude is unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable.’”
Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983), quoting
State v. Adams, 62 Ohio St.2d 151, 157, 404 N.E.2d 144 (1980). “‘[U]nless it is shown
that the trial court acted unjustly or unfairly, there is no abuse of discretion.’” State
v. Abercrombie, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 108147, 2019-Ohio-4786, ¶ 10, quoting
State v. Peterseim, 68 Ohio App.2d 211, 213-214, 428 N.E.2d 863 (8th Dist.1980),
quoting Barker v. United States, 579 F.2d 1219, 1223 (10th Cir.1978).
B. Motions to Withdraw
Crim.R. 32.1 governs the withdrawal of a guilty plea. It states that
“[a] motion to withdraw a plea of guilty or no contest may be made only before
sentence is imposed; but to correct manifest injustice the court after sentence may
set aside the judgment of conviction and permit the defendant to withdraw his or
her plea.”
“A Crim.R. 32.1 motion ‘is addressed to the sound discretion of the
trial court, and the good faith, credibility and weight of the movant’s assertions in
support of the motion are matters to be resolved by that court.’” Hines at id., quoting
State v. Smith, 49 Ohio St.2d 261, 263, 361 N.E.2d 1324 (1977), paragraph two of
the syllabus. In general, “a presentence motion to withdraw a guilty plea should be
freely and liberally granted,” but it is well-established that a “defendant does not
have an absolute right to withdraw a plea prior to sentencing.” Hines at ¶ 8.
The “‘trial court must conduct a hearing to determine whether there
is a reasonable legitimate basis for the withdrawal of the plea.’” Hines at id., quoting
Xie at 527. A trial court’s denial of a presentence motion to withdraw is not an abuse
of discretion when the record reflects:
(1) the defendant is represented by highly competent counsel; (2) the
accused was afforded a full hearing, pursuant to Crim.R. 11, before he
entered the plea; (3) after the motion to withdraw is filed, the accused
is given a complete and impartial hearing on the motion; and (4) the
court gives full and fair consideration to the plea withdrawal request.
State v. Read-Bates, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos. 108848, 108849, 108850, 108851,
2020-Ohio-3456, ¶ 16, citing State v. Peterseim, 68 Ohio App.2d 211, 214, 428
N.E.2d 863 (8th Dist.1980).
The trial court might also consider additional nonexhaustive factors
in its determination:
(5) whether the motion was made timely; (6) whether the motion states
specific reasons for withdrawal; (7) whether the defendant understood
the nature of the charges and the possible penalties; (8) whether the
defendant was perhaps not guilty or had a complete defense; and (9)
whether the state would suffer prejudice if the defendant is allowed to
withdraw the plea. State v. Benson, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 83718,
2004-Ohio-1677, ¶ 9; State v. Sellers, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 07AP-76,
2007-Ohio-4523, ¶ 34; State v. Moore, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 98132,
2012-Ohio-5734, ¶ 13.
Hines at ¶ 10.
“A trial court’s adherence to Crim.R. 11 raises a presumption that a
plea is voluntarily entered.” Abercrombie, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 108147, 2019-
Ohio-4786, ¶ 12, citing State v. McKissick, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 105607, 2018-
Ohio-282, ¶ 23. “And a defendant moving to withdraw the plea bears the burden of
rebutting that presumption by demonstrating that the plea was infirm.”
Abercrombie at id., citing State v. Robinson, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 89651, 2008-
Ohio-4866, ¶ 26.
After careful review of the record, we find that Balducci was
represented by competent counsel, was afforded a full Crim.R. 11 hearing before he
entered his plea, was given a full and impartial hearing on his motion to withdraw,
and that the trial court gave full and fair consideration to his plea-withdrawal
request. We also find that Balducci understood the nature of the charges and the
possible penalties.
Given the lack of substantive reasons for withdrawing the guilty plea,
we find that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying Balducci’s motion
to withdraw his guilty plea. When Balducci moved to withdraw, he stated that he
made a rash decision in pleading guilty. As the trial court noted, he went on to
comment that hindsight is 20/20. Although Balducci also stated that he wanted his
lawyers to investigate his case differently, this record provides no substantive
support for his claim of innocence or available defenses. Accordingly, we find that
the trial court did not abuse its discretion in finding that Balducci merely changed
his mind and refusing to allow withdrawal of his guilty plea.
C. Representation by counsel
Balducci first argues that his initial trial counsel was not highly
competent. The trial court stated at the withdrawal hearing that it was familiar with
Balducci’s initial counsel’s professional reputations and believed them both to be
highly competent attorneys. Moreover, Balducci stated at the plea hearing that he
was satisfied with his original counsel.
We begin our analysis of this argument with the presumption that
properly licensed attorneys in Ohio are competent. State v. Smith, 17 Ohio St. 3d
98, 100, 477 N.E.2d 1128 (1985). The record before us does not sufficiently rebut
this presumption, so we cannot say that the trial court abused its discretion in
denying the motion to withdraw based on original counsel’s representation.
Balducci argues that his initial counsel spent an inadequate amount
of time with him. But the trial court noted that the jail logs and transport logs
indicate that his original counsel visited with Balducci 12 times. Balducci does not
dispute those records, but points out that they do not confirm how many visits were
contact visits. He further acknowledged that he met with counsel at the court and
reviewed the state’s video footage together. In addition, Balducci interacted with
counsel and the court on at least two additional occasions prior to pleading guilty
and did not express any concerns about his counsel until the sentencing hearing at
which he moved to withdraw his plea. On this record, we cannot say that the trial
court abused its discretion in finding that Balducci’s original counsel spent a
sufficient amount of time with him. See State v. Hall, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No.
108235, 2019-Ohio-5123, ¶ 22 (defendant facing a mandatory sentence of life in
prison if convicted as indicted was represented by highly competent counsel where
defense counsel met with his client 15 times before the plea hearing, reviewed video
evidence with her, and expressed concern about the risk to his client if they took the
case to trial rather than accepting a “sound plea deal.”).
Balducci also argues that his original counsel was inadequate because
they failed to hire an independent investigator to evaluate a so-called “Facebook
confession” from another individual. (Tr. 82.) Counsel instead relied on the results
of the state’s investigator, which removed the individual as a suspect before Balducci
became a suspect. Balducci’s counsel was not required to hire an independent
investigator and on this record, we cannot conclude that counsel’s decision to not
hire an independent investigator permits the withdrawal of Balducci’s plea. See
State v. Walker, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 04AP-813, 2005-Ohio-6365, ¶ 55, quoting
Wiggins v. Smith, 539 U.S. 510, 521-522, 123 S.Ct. 2527, 156 L.Ed.2d 471 (2003),
quoting Strickland at 690-691 (“In any ineffectiveness case, a particular decision
not to investigate must be directly assessed for reasonableness in all the
circumstances, applying a heavy measure of deference to counsel’s judgments.”).
In addition, we must restrict our review to the record before us. State
v. Wittine, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 90747, 2008-Ohio-5745, ¶ 4. There is no
evidence of the Facebook confession or the state’s investigation of the confession in
the record other than counsel’s representations at the withdrawal hearing and in the
appellate briefs.
Balducci also notes that his trial counsel “never filed a single motion
nor subpoena.” The trial docket shows that his counsel requested discovery from
the state and the record supports that they reviewed the state’s evidence with
Balducci before he entered his guilty plea. Balducci has not identified any specific
motions that must or should have been filed. We cannot conclude that original
counsel was incompetent based on this alleged deficiency.
Balducci also argues that counsel was incompetent for failing to file a
sentencing memorandum prior to the sentencing that was scheduled three days
after the plea. Trial counsel is not required to file a sentencing memorandum; there
is no such duty. State v. Collier, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 95572, 2011-Ohio-2791, ¶
4. Rather, “the vast majority of defense attorneys choose to forego a sentencing
memorandum and speak directly to the court at sentencing,” which Balducci’s
counsel did. Id. There is not much sentencing flexibility for murder and his trial
counsel urged the court to impose concurrent sentences. Even though the trial court
indicated that a sentencing memorandum from defense counsel would be helpful,
we cannot find Balducci’s trial counsel was incompetent for failing to file a
sentencing memorandum where there is no duty to do so and where they provided
letters to the court on behalf of Balducci and spoke directly to the court on his behalf
at the sentencing hearing.
Accordingly, we cannot second-guess the trial court’s determination
that his counsel provided him with highly competent representation.
D. Crim.R. 11 hearing
Balducci argues that he was not clearly advised of the maximum
penalties he was facing at his plea hearing. The record does not support this
argument. Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a) requires the courts address a defendant personally
and determine that he or she “is making the plea voluntarily, with understanding of
the nature of the charge and of the maximum penalty involved * * *.” State v.
Cochran, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos. 91768, 91826, 92171, 2009-Ohio-1693, ¶ 9,
quoting Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a). The record shows that the trial court informed
Balducci of the maximum penalties for each count to which he pled guilty.
At the plea hearing, the trial court correctly informed Balducci that
the maximum penalty for murder (Count 1) was 15 years to life in prison. R.C.
2903.02(D); 2929.02(B)(1). It also explained that the firearm specifications
subjected him to an additional three years for a total sentence of 18 years to life on
the murder count. With regard to Count 4, the weapon while under disability
charge, the trial court correctly explained that Balducci could be sentenced to nine
to 36 months in prison with up to three years of postrelease control and ordered to
pay a maximum fine of up to $10,000. R.C. 2929.14. Balducci stated that he
understood all of this.
The court initially advised Balducci that he could be subject to three
years of postrelease control on the weapons disability count (Count 4), but promptly
clarified that because he pled guilty to murder, an unclassified felony, he would
actually be subject to parole. The trial court did not err in this instruction. State v.
Anderson, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 92576, 2010-Ohio-2085, ¶ 25, citing State v.
Clark, 119 Ohio St.3d 246, 2008-Ohio-3748, 893 N.E.2d 462. (“[B]ecause the
defendant who is sentenced to an unclassified felony is not eligible for postrelease
control, the trial court is not required to discuss postrelease control or parole in the
defendant’s plea colloquy under Crim.R. 11(C)(2).”); State v. Cochran, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga Nos. 91768, 91826, 92171, 2009-Ohio-1693, ¶ 28, citing Hill v. Lockhart,
474 U.S. 52, 56, 106 S.Ct. 366, 88 L.Ed.2d 203 (1985) (“[T]rial courts are not
required to explain [parole] as part of the maximum possible penalty in a Crim.R. 11
colloquy.”).
Otherwise, the record demonstrates that Balducci received a full
Crim.R. 11 hearing. The trial court stated several times that Mr. Balducci not only
stated he understood the consequences of his plea, but appeared to understand
based on his demeanor in the courtroom and the lack of any evidence of cognitive
impairment or poor mental health. Balducci stated the decision to plead guilty was
“mine and my family’s.” (Tr. 27-28.) His statement demonstrates that the decision
to plead guilty was his own. That his family also supported the decision does not
invalidate his autonomy in the decision.
The trial court also noted that Balducci had previously pled guilty in
another case and therefore was not completely unfamiliar with the plea process. We
add that the trial court twice invited Balducci to ask any questions he might have,
but Balducci did not ask any questions or request clarification on any of the court’s
instructions. At no time during the plea hearing did Balducci express any confusion
or indicate that he misunderstood the charges or the possible penalties.
The record shows that Balducci understood the nature of the charges,
the effect of the guilty plea, and the possible penalties, and that his plea was entered
knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently. Thus, the trial court did not abuse its
discretion in denying Balducci’s motion to withdraw based on the plea colloquy.
E. Complete and impartial withdraw hearing with full and fair
consideration to the plea withdrawal request
Balducci claims he was not given a complete and impartial hearing
with full and fair consideration to his plea-withdrawal request. We find that the
hearing was both full and fair and complete and impartial.
A full evidentiary hearing is not required in all cases. State v. Read-
Bates, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos. 108848, 108849, 108850, 108851, 2020-Ohio-3456,
¶ 21, citing Robinson, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 89651, 2008-Ohio-4866, at ¶ 24. “The
scope of a hearing on a motion to withdraw should reflect the substantive merits of
the motion.” Read-Bates at ¶ 21, citing Robinson at id. “‘[B]old assertions without
evidentiary support simply should not merit the type of scrutiny that substantiated
allegations would merit.’” Read-Bates at id., citing Robinson at ¶ 26, quoting State
v. Smith, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 61464, 1992 Ohio App. LEXIS 6259, 14-15 (Dec.
10, 1992); Wittine, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 90747, 2008-Ohio-5745, ¶ 8 (“The scope
of a hearing on a motion to withdraw a guilty plea is dependent upon the facial
validity of the motion itself.”).
“Therefore, where a defendant fails to make a prima facie showing of
merit, the trial court need not ‘devote considerable time to’ his or her request to
withdraw.” Read-Bates at ¶ 22, quoting Smith at 14. “Further, the scope of the
hearing is within the sound discretion of the trial court, subject to this court’s review
for an abuse of discretion.” Read-Bates at id., citing State v. Farkosh, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 102393, 2015-Ohio-3588, ¶ 9, citing Xie, 62 Ohio St.3d at 526, 584
N.E.2d 715. “‘This approach strikes a fair balance between fairness for an accused
and preservation of judicial resources.’” Read-Bates at id., quoting Smith at 15.
When moving to withdraw his plea, Balducci stated that he made a
rash decision, that “hindsight is 20/20” and that after he “was able to actually think
about what happened, we could say buyer’s remorse, but even at the time of
sentencing when I did decide to plead guilty, oftentimes I didn’t understand what
you were saying.” (Tr. 48.) The record contradicts Balducci’s assertion that he did
not understand what the trial court was saying at the plea hearing. He stated
throughout that proceeding that he understood what was happening and did not
raise any issues or ask any questions even though the trial court invited him to do
so.
Rather than hold a hearing the same day as Balducci made his
motion, the trial court set a separate hearing date and granted his new counsel a
continuance to become more familiar with the record before the hearing. At the
motion to withdraw hearing, the trial court recalled its thorough Crim.R. 11 colloquy
at the plea hearing and detailed the proceedings when Balducci moved to
withdrawal. There is no indication in the record that the trial court did not provide
a complete and impartial withdraw hearing and full and fair consideration of
Balducci’s request to withdrawal his plea.
The trial court interacted with the state and Balducci’s counsel at the
hearing and set forth several reasons, based in the record, for denying the motion.
The trial court reviewed the transcripts from the case, the jail logs, and transport
logs. It also reviewed the parties’ briefs on Balducci’s motion to withdraw. The trial
court explained that Balducci’s motion to withdraw seemed disingenuous given that
he only spoke up at the end of the sentencing hearing after addressing the victim’s
mother.
Balducci argues that his original counsel knew he wanted to withdraw
because members of his family called his counsel to tell them so, but the trial court
observed that his counsel seemed utterly surprised by his motion to withdraw.
Further, Balducci admitted that he did not discuss his withdrawal request with his
lawyers first. (Tr. 44.)
Balducci also argues that the hearing was not impartial because the
trial court “lectured” Balducci during the first portion of the hearing and because the
court expressed “suspicion” about Balducci’s motivation for changing his plea based
on his statement that “hindsight is 20/20.” Balducci’s new counsel expressed these
concerns of partiality to the trial court at the withdrawal hearing and the trial court
expressly refuted them:
[COUNSEL]: It sounds like there has already been a decision made.
THE COURT: Absolutely not. I’m happy to hear from your client, hear
his additional concerns. This Court is only making the most thorough
record that I possibly can of the record of the information.
(Tr. 91.)
The record is indeed thorough and lacks support for a substantive
legal reason to allow Balducci to withdraw his plea. The fact that the trial court
found Balducci’s assertions unpersuasive or suspicious does not mean it failed to
adequately and impartially consider his request. Read-Bates at ¶ 26; Abercrombie
at ¶ 18. As the trial court itself explained, expressing doubt “doesn’t mean that I’m
predisposing my perspective, however, after listening to what your client has to say.”
(Tr. 93.) The trial court provided reasons why it was suspicious of Balducci’s
motives, including making the motion right after he addressed the victim’s family
and right before sentencing, that his original counsel appeared surprised, and that
he stated “hindsight is 20/20.” After a careful review of the record, we find no
substantive reason to second-guess the trial court’s observations and conclusions.
F. Change of heart
Balducci argues that he did not simply change his mind. “A mere
change of heart regarding a guilty plea and the possible sentence is insufficient
justification for the withdrawal of a guilty plea.” State v. Hoyle, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga
No. 102791, 2016-Ohio-586, ¶ 31, citing State v. Westley, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No.
97650, 2012-Ohio-3571, ¶ 7, citing State v. Drake, 73 Ohio App.3d 640, 645, 598
N.E.2d 115 (8th Dist.1991).
Balducci stated at the withdrawal hearing that he “did not feel that
[he] should plead guilty to something [he] didn’t do.” (Tr. 44.) His appellate brief
sets forth a couple of possible defenses, but without any evidentiary support. “[A]
defendant’s protestations of innocence are insufficient grounds for vacating a plea
that was voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently entered.” Read-Bates, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga Nos. 108848, 108849, 108850, 108851, 2020-Ohio-3456, ¶ 27, citing
Cleveland v. Brown, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos. 107939 and 108145, 2019-Ohio-5254,
¶ 19. Balducci’s alleged innocence and potential maximum prison sentence were
known to him at the time of the plea agreement. We cannot find that the trial court
abused its discretion where the record lacks specific evidentiary support for his
claim of innocence.
Balducci also stated that his trial counsel “convinced” him “that
pleading guilty was [his] only way out.” (Tr. 45.) But “the fact that a defendant may
have felt ‘pressured’ to enter a plea is not a sufficient basis to withdraw a plea in the
absence of evidence of coercion.” State v. Musleh, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 105305,
2017-Ohio-8166, ¶ 42, citing State v. Shaw, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 102802, 2016-
Ohio-923, ¶ 6-9. There is no evidence of coercion here.
After careful consideration of the record before us, we find that the
trial court did not abuse its discretion in finding that Balducci merely experienced a
change of heart. The record supports that Balducci’s plea was knowingly,
intelligently, and voluntarily made and that he received a full, fair, and impartial
hearing. The trial court thoroughly explained that based on everything it observed
at the various proceedings and in particular at the plea hearing, that Balducci’s
request seemed to be motivated by a mere change of heart. The court based its
concern on the record before it and on firsthand observations of Balducci’s
statements and demeanor. “We must defer to the trial court’s judgment in
evaluating the “‘good faith, credibility and weight’” of [Balducci’s] motivation and
assertions in entering and attempting to withdraw his plea.” Musleh at ¶ 43, quoting
Xie, 62 Ohio St.3d 521, 525, 584 N.E.2d 715, quoting State v. Smith, 49 Ohio St.2d
261, 361 N.E.2d 1324 (1977). Because the record does not demonstrate a substantive
legal reason to permit the withdrawal of Balducci’s plea, we must find that the trial
court did not abuse its discretion in denying his motion.
Judgment affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue of this court directing the common
pleas court to carry this judgment into execution. The defendant’s conviction having
been affirmed, any bail pending is terminated. Case remanded to the trial court for
execution of sentence.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
MARY EILEEN KILBANE, JUDGE
PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, P.J., and
LARRY A. JONES, SR., J., CONCUR