State v. Ahmad , 2017 Ohio 6991 ( 2017 )

[Cite as State v. Ahmad, 2017-Ohio-6991.]
COURT OF APPEALS
LICKING COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO : JUDGES:
:
: Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, P.J.
Plaintiff-Appellee : Hon. William B. Hoffman, J.
: Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J.
-vs- :
: Case No. 16-CA-92
:
MALIK AHMAD :
:
:
Defendant-Appellant : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Licking County Court of
Common Pleas, Case No. 16 CR 437
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: July 26, 2017
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee: For Defendant-Appellant:
BILL HAYES KEVIN J. GALL
LICKING COUNTY PROSECUTOR 73 N. 6th St.
Newark, OH 43055
HAWKEN FLANAGAN
20 S. 2nd St., 4th Floor
Newark, OH 43055
Licking County, Case No. 16-CA-92 2
Delaney, P.J.
{¶1} Defendant-Appellant Mailk Ahmad appeals his conviction and sentence by
the Licking County Court of Common Pleas. Plaintiff-Appellee is the State of Ohio.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
{¶2} On July 22, 2016, Defendant-Appellant Malik Ahmad was in attendance at
an Insane Clown Posse concert at the Legend Valley Music Center in Thornville, Licking
County, Ohio. Law enforcement personnel at the concert observed Ahmad make multiple
announcements on a bull horn that he had cocaine for sale, which he described as the
“best coke around.” The officers observed two individuals approach Ahmad on separate
occasions. On each occasion, the officers saw Ahmad reach into an off-white, gray-
colored Gucci canvas bag, pull out a baggy containing white powder, measure an amount
of the white powder onto a digital scale, and place the powder on the scale into a small
bag. The officers then observed Ahmad take cash from the individuals and hand them the
small bag of powder.
{¶3} Officers approached Ahmad and informed him he was under arrest. The
officers attempted to place handcuffs on Ahmad, but he refused to comply. Ahmad also
refused to turn over the gray-colored Gucci bag. While officers were attempting to arrest
Ahmad, co-defendant Jessica G. Reyes approached Ahmad and according to law
enforcement personnel, Ahmad handed the gray-colored Gucci bag to Reyes and she
fled on foot. Ahmad continued to resist arrest and the officers used a Taser to restrain
and handcuff Ahmad.
{¶4} Law enforcement apprehended Reyes a short time later and recovered the
gray-colored Gucci bag. A search of the bag revealed $2,229.00 in U.S. currency, small
Licking County, Case No. 16-CA-92 3
empty plastic bags, a large bag of what appeared to be cocaine, a bag of what appeared
to be heroin, and a bag of what appeared to be marijuana.
{¶5} The contents of the bags of what appeared to be drugs were tested by BCI
and found to be 86.33 grams of cocaine, a Schedule II controlled substance; 4.80 grams
of heroin, a Schedule I controlled substance; and 4.373 grams of marijuana, a Schedule
I controlled substance.
{¶6} Ahmad was interviewed after being Mirandized. He admitted he had sold
cocaine. He did not know how much was in the bag.
{¶7} On August 4, 2016, the Licking County Grand Jury issued an eight-count
indictment:
Count One: Trafficking in Cocaine, a first-degree felony in violation of R.C.
2925.03(A)(1)(2)(C)(4)(f);
Count Two: Trafficking in Cocaine, a fifth-degree felony in violation of R.C.
2925.03(A)(1)(C)(4)(a);
Count Three: Trafficking in Cocaine, a fifth-degree felony in violation of R.C.
2925.03(A)(1)(C)(4)(a);
Count Four: Possession of Heroin, a fourth-degree felony in violation of
R.C. 2925.11(A)(C)(6)(b);
Count Five: Tampering with Evidence, a third-degree felony in violation of
R.C. 2921.12(A)(1)(B);
Count Six: Resisting Arrest; a second-degree misdemeanor in violation of
R.C. 2921.33(A)(D);
Licking County, Case No. 16-CA-92 4
Count Seven: Possession of Marijuana, a minor misdemeanor in violation
of R.C. 2925.11(A)(C)(3)(a); and
Count Eight: Possession of Drug Paraphernalia, a fourth-degree
misdemeanor in violation of R.C. 2925.14(C)(1)(F)(1).
Counts One, Two, Four, and Seven carried a forfeiture specification of the U.S. currency
in the amount of $2,229.00.
{¶8} On September 22, 2016, Ahmad filed a motion to suppress. In his motion,
Ahmad alleged at the time of his arrest he was intoxicated and under the influence of
drugs. He contended he was not capable of and did not make a knowing, voluntary, and
intelligent waiver of his rights when he was Mirandized. His statements and all other
evidence obtained as a result of his statements should be suppressed. The trial court set
the matter for a hearing on October 24, 2016.
{¶9} The parties came before the trial court on October 24, 2016. The transcript
of the hearing begins with the trial court listing the charges against Ahmad and stating,
“Your attorney has represented to the Court that it was your intention to withdraw your
guilty pleas to some of those counts here today. Is that still your plan here today, Mr.
Ahmad?” (Tr. 3). Ahmad responded in the affirmative. (Tr. 3). The trial court next
conducted a plea colloquy. During the State’s presentation of the facts, the State clarified
for the trial court that it was going to prepare a motion to dismiss Counts Two, Three,
Five, Seven, and Eight. (Tr. 10). The judgment entry dismissing the five charges was filed
on October 25, 2016. Ahmad’s counsel spoke after the presentation of the State’s facts
and objected to the State’s characterization that Ahmad handed the Gucci bag to Reyes.
Licking County, Case No. 16-CA-92 5
(Tr. 14). Ahmad argued he handed the bag to a deputy and Reyes took the bag from the
deputy. (Tr. 14). Otherwise, Ahmad acknowledged the facts as correct as stated. (Tr. 15).
{¶10} Ahmad entered a plea of guilty to Count One – Possession of Cocaine,
Count Four – Possession of Heroin, and Count Six – Resisting Arrest. (Tr. 15, 18). The
State deferred to the trial court as to sentencing. The trial court sentenced Ahmad to eight
years in prison on Count One, one year in prison on Count Four, and thirty days in jail on
Count Six. Counts One and Four were to be served consecutively and Count Six was to
be served concurrently, for a total prison term of nine years.
{¶11} The sentencing entry was filed on October 24, 2016. It is from this judgment
Ahmad now appeals.
ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
{¶12} Ahmad raises three Assignments of Error:
{¶13} “I. THE DEFENDANT’S NEGOTIATED PLEA IS INVALID BECAUSE THE
FULL TERMS OF THE AGREEMENT WERE NOT STATED ON THE RECORD IN OPEN
COURT, IN VIOLATION OF RULE 11(F) OF THE OHIO RULES OF CRIMINAL
PROCEDURE.
{¶14} “II. THE DEFENDANT-APPELLANT WAS DENIED THE EFFECTIVE
ASSISTANCE OF TRIAL COUNSEL WHEN COUNSEL FAILED TO RAISE AN
OBJECTION TO THE STATE’S FAILURE TO FULLY SET FORTH THE DETAILS OF
THE NEGOTIATED PLEA.
{¶15} “III. THE DEFENDANT-APPELLANT WAS DENIED THE EFFECTIVE
ASSISTANCE OF TRIAL COUNSEL WHEN COUNSEL ADVISED HIM TO PLEAD
Licking County, Case No. 16-CA-92 6
GUILTY PURSUANT TO A NEGOTIATED AGREEMENT THAT CONFERRED NO
BENEFIT TO THE DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.”
ANALYSIS
I. Crim.R. 11(F)
{¶16} Ahmad argues in his first Assignment of Error that his negotiated plea is
invalid because the full terms of the underlying agreement upon which Ahmad’s plea was
based was not stated on the record in open court. Ahmad contends his guilty plea was
not knowing or voluntary because there is no indication in the record of Ahmad’s desire
to waive his motion for suppression as part of his negotiated plea.
{¶17} In order to comply with due process requirements, a defendant's guilty plea
must be knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently entered. State v. Sarkozy, 117 Ohio St.3d
86, 2008–Ohio–509, 881 N.E.2d 1224, ¶ 7, citing State v. Engle, 74 Ohio St.3d 525, 527,
660 N.E.2d 450 (1996). In accordance with Crim.R. 11(C), when a plea of guilty is made
in a felony case the court must address the defendant and: 1) determine that the plea is
voluntary and the defendant understands that nature of the charges and the maximum
penalty applicable; 2) determine that the defendant understands the effect of the plea and
that if the court accepts the plea, the court will proceed with judgment and sentencing; 3)
determine that the defendant understands that he is waiving his right to a jury trial, right
to confront witnesses, right to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in
defendant's favor, and that the defendant is relieving the State of their burden to prove
his guilt beyond a reasonable doubt at a trial where the defendant cannot be forced to
testify against himself. Crim.R. 11(C)(2). When there is a negotiated plea in a felony case,
the underlying agreement of the plea must be stated in open court on the record. Crim.R.
Licking County, Case No. 16-CA-92 7
11(F). When a plea of guilty is entered, the plea is an admission of guilt and the court will
proceed with sentencing after accepting the plea. Crim.R. 11(B)(1), (3).
{¶18} Ahmad bases his argument on Crim.R. 11(F). It states, “When, in felony
cases, a negotiated plea of guilty or no contest to one or more offenses charged or to one
or more other or lesser offenses is offered, the underlying agreement upon which the plea
is based shall be stated on the record in open court.” The parties came before the trial
court on October 24, 2016 to argue Ahmad’s motion to suppress. At the start of the record,
however, the trial court states, “Your attorney has represented to the Court that it was
your intention to withdraw your guilty pleas to some of those counts here today. Is that
still your plan here today, Mr. Ahmad?” (Tr. 3). Ahmad agreed and the trial court began
the plea colloquy. Ahmad affirmed he would be entering a guilty plea. During the State’s
presentation of the facts, the State specified on the record the charges it was dismissing
the remaining charges against Ahmad. (Tr. 10-11). There is no mention in the record of
the change of plea and sentencing hearing as to the disposition of the motion to suppress.
{¶19} Ahmad argues because there is no mention in the record as to the
disposition of his motion to suppress, the underlying plea agreement was not stated on
the record in open court in violation of Crim.R. 11(F). The State responds that Ahmad’s
argument is based on the assumption that Ahmad’s waiver of the motion to suppress was
part of the plea negotiations. This assumption is not part of the record in this case. We
have held that a claim requiring proof that exists outside of the trial record cannot
appropriately be considered on a direct appeal. State v. Hendricks, 5th Dist. Muskingum
No. CT2016-0010, 2017-Ohio-259, ¶ 29.
Licking County, Case No. 16-CA-92 8
{¶20} On the record before us, we find the procedures of Crim.R. 11(F) were
followed and the terms of the agreement upon which the plea was based were stated in
open court and on the record.
{¶21} Ahmad’s first Assignment of Error is overruled.
II. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel – Motion to Suppress
{¶22} Ahmad maintains he was denied effective assistance of counsel when his
trial counsel failed to object to the State’s failure to fully set forth the details of the
negotiated plea. His argument is based on the assumption that the disposition of Ahmad’s
motion to suppress was part of the plea negotiations and the motion to suppress was not
mentioned in the record as part of the plea agreement.
{¶23} To succeed on a claim of ineffectiveness, a defendant must satisfy a two-
prong test. Initially, a defendant must show that trial counsel acted incompetently. See,
Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052 (1984). In assessing such claims,
“a court must indulge a strong presumption that counsel's conduct falls within the wide
range of reasonable professional assistance; that is, the defendant must overcome the
presumption that, under the circumstances, the challenged action ‘might be considered
sound trial strategy.’ ” Id. at 689, citing Michel v. Louisiana, 350 U.S. 91, 101, 76 S.Ct.
158 (1955).
{¶24} “There are countless ways to provide effective assistance in any given case.
Even the best criminal defense attorneys would not defend a particular client in the same
way.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689. The question is whether counsel acted “outside the
wide range of professionally competent assistance.” Id. at 690.
Licking County, Case No. 16-CA-92 9
{¶25} Even if a defendant shows that counsel was incompetent, the defendant
must then satisfy the second prong of the Strickland test. Under this “actual prejudice”
prong, the defendant must show that “there is a reasonable probability that, but for
counsel's unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different.”
Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694.
{¶26} Ahmad contends his trial counsel’s failure to object to the State’s
summation of the negotiated plea failed to preserve a possible appellate issue. He states
he would not have entered a guilty plea if he knew his attorney would not object to the
State’s summation of the plea agreement. “In the context of a guilty plea, the defendant
must demonstrate that there is a reasonable probability that, but for his counsel's error,
he would not have pleaded guilty and would have insisted on going to trial.” State v. Allen,
9th Dist. Summit Nos. 27494, 28213, 2017-Ohio-2831, ¶ 39 quoting State v. Evans, 9th
Dist. Medina No. 09CA0049–M, 2010–Ohio–3545, ¶ 4
{¶27} The Eleventh District Court of Appeals has held as to suppression issues,
a guilty plea precludes claims of ineffective assistance of counsel because the defendant
cannot establish prejudice, the second Strickland prong:
[T]he failure to suppress evidence has no prejudicial impact upon a
conviction based on a guilty plea “because the conviction does not result
from the unsuppressed evidence, but from the defendant's admission, by
his plea, of the facts alleged in the [indictment]. Thus, a failure to suppress
evidence resulting from a deficiency in trial counsel's legal representation
will not satisfy the prejudice prong of * * * Strickland v. Washington, [466
U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984) ].” See State v. Fitzgerald,
Licking County, Case No. 16-CA-92 10
2nd Dist. Greene No. 2001–CA–124, 2002–Ohio–3914, ¶ 44. This court
followed the Second District's holding in Fitzgerald in State v. Bregitzer,
11th Dist. Portage No. 2012–P–0033, 2012–Ohio–5586, ¶ 17.
State v. Strong, 11th Dist. Ashtabula No. 2013–A–0003, 2013–Ohio–5189, ¶ 31; State v.
Bump, 11th Dist. Ashtabula No. 2010–A–0028, 2011–Ohio–6687, ¶ 42 (“[a] plea of guilty
operates as a waiver of any alleged error regarding appellant's motion to suppress”).
{¶28} We cannot extrapolate from Ahmad’s argument on appeal that he was
prejudiced by his trial counsel’s failure to object to the State’s summation of the plea
agreement specifically as to the status of the motion to suppress. Ahmad argues the
failure to object at the change of plea hearing failed to preserve the issue for appeal;
however, Ahmad raised the issue on appeal. Ahmad entered a guilty plea pursuant to
Crim.R. 11(B)(1), which is a complete admission of the defendant’s guilt. His conviction
for possession of cocaine, possession of heroin, and resisting arrest was not based on
unsuppressed evidence but on his admission of guilt.
{¶29} Further, the disposition of the motion to suppress as being part of the plea
negotiations is outside of the record in this case. As stated in the first Assignment of Error,
an argument as to matters outside of the record are to be heard in a petition for post-
conviction relief, not on direct appeal.
{¶30} Ahmad’s second Assignment of Error is overruled.
III. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel – A Bad Deal
{¶31} Ahmad contends in his third Assignment of Error that he was denied
effective assistance of counsel when his counsel advised him to plead guilty to a plea
agreement that conferred no benefit to him. We disagree.
Licking County, Case No. 16-CA-92 11
{¶32} Pursuant to the plea agreement, the State dismissed Count Two –
Trafficking in Cocaine (F5), Count Three – Trafficking in Cocaine (F5), Count Five –
Tampering with Evidence (F3), Count Seven – Possession of Marijuana (MM), and Count
Eight – Possession of Drug Paraphernalia (M4). Ahmad pleaded guilty to Count One –
Trafficking in Cocaine (F1), Count Four – Possession of Heroin (F4), and Count Six –
Resisting Arrest (M2). The State deferred to the trial court as to sentencing. The trial court
sentenced Ahmad to eight years in prison on Count One, one year in prison on Count
Four, and thirty days in jail on Count Six. The prison terms for Count One and Count Four
were to be served consecutively and the jail term for Count Six was to be served
concurrently for a total prison term of nine years.
{¶33} Ahmad contends if he did not enter the plea agreement and was convicted
at trial of the charges in the indictment, his sentence would not be dissimilar to that of the
negotiated plea agreement. Counts Two and Three of the indictment would have merged
with Count One for sentencing purposes because they were allied offenses of similar
import. As to Counts Seven and Eight, because they were misdemeanors, Ahmad states
the jail term would run concurrently to any prison term imposed.
{¶34} To establish ineffective assistance of counsel, Ahmad must show (1)
deficient performance by counsel, i.e., performance falling below an objective standard
of reasonable representation, and (2) prejudice, i.e., a reasonable probability that but for
counsel’s errors, the proceeding’s results would have been different. Strickland v.
Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052 (1984).
{¶35} Ohio courts have recognized that “ ‘[a]n attorney, who advises his client to
plead guilty as charged when the client receives no benefit at all in exchange therefore,
Licking County, Case No. 16-CA-92 12
could possibly be deemed to have failed in his duty to competently represent his client.’ “
State v. Brown, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 104095, 2017-Ohio-184, ¶ 13 quoting State v.
Orleans, 7th Dist. Mahoning No. 07-MA0175, 2008-Ohio-5937, ¶ 22 quoting State v.
Underwood, 4th Dist. Meigs No. 98CA11, 1999 WL 301637 (May 7, 1999). However, “the
benefit a defendant receives as a result of pleading guilty is not necessarily reflected by
the penalty ultimately imposed on him,” Id. quoting Underwood at 7, citing State v. Spivey,
81 Ohio St.3d 405, 692 N.E.2d 151 (1998). The appellate court should instead consider
“the totality of the circumstances surrounding the plea in determining whether the
appellant received any benefit in exchange for the plea.” Id.{¶36} The State argues in response that Ahmad did receive a benefit from
agreeing to enter into a plea agreement when the State dismissed Count Five –
Tampering with Evidence. Ahmad was charged with Tampering with Evidence, a third-
degree felony in violation of R.C. 2921.12(A)(1)(B). It carries a possible penalty of 36
months in prison and a $10,000.00 fine. The charge was based on the officers’
observations that while they were attempting to arrest Ahmad, co-defendant Reyes
approached Ahmad, Ahmad handed the gray-colored Gucci bag to Reyes, and she fled
on foot. At the change of plea hearing, Ahmad’s counsel argued Ahmad handed the bag
to a deputy and Reyes took the bag from the deputy. If the matter went to trial, Ahmad
risked a conviction on Count Five which could result in three additional years in prison.
{¶37} Looking at the totality of the circumstances, Ahmad received a benefit from
the plea agreement. There may be different reasons a defendant would choose to enter
a guilty plea rather than go to trial, besides a reduction in sentence. State v. Scott, 8th
Dist. Cuyahoga No. 100668, 2014-Ohio-3500, ¶ 16. The defendant may want to take
Licking County, Case No. 16-CA-92 13
responsibility for his crime or the defendant may want the case to be over. Id. It appears
in this case there substantial evidence that Ahmad was trafficking in cocaine and other
illegal substances when law enforcement personnel witnessed Ahmad announce on a
bullhorn that he had the “best coke around” and make several transactions selling said
“best coke around.” If Ahmad did not enter into the plea agreement, he could have risked
an additional three years in prison. Ahmad’s counsel was not deficient in failing to
advance any argument against the plea agreement.
{¶38} Ahmad’s third Assignment of Error is overruled.
CONCLUSION
{¶39} The judgment of the Licking County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
By: Delaney, P.J.,
Hoffman, J. and
Baldwin, J., concur.