State v. Coykendall , 2021 Ohio 3407 ( 2021 )

[Cite as State v. Coykendall, 2021-Ohio-3407.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT
MARION COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO,
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, CASE NO. 9-20-24
v.
JASON W. COYKENDALL, OPINION
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
STATE OF OHIO,
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, CASE NO. 9-20-26
v.
JASON W. COYKENDALL, OPINION
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
Appeals from Marion County Common Pleas Court
Trial Court Nos. 19-CR-420 and 19-CR-434
Appeal Dismissed in Case No. 9-20-24
Judgment Affirmed in Part, Reversed in Part
and Cause Remanded in Case No. 9-20-26
Date of Decision: September 27, 2021
APPEARANCES:
Paul L. Scarsella for Appellant
Raymond A. Grogan, Jr. for Appellee
Case Nos. 9-20-24, 9-20-26
SHAW, J.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant, Jason Coykendall, brings these appeals from the
April 7, 2020, judgments of the Marion County Common Pleas Court sentencing
him to serve consecutive sentences after he was convicted of two counts of burglary
in two separate trial court cases.
Background
{¶2} On October 9, 2019, Coykendall was indicted in trial court case 19-CR-
420 for burglary in violation of R.C. 2911.12(A)(2), a second degree felony, and
possessing criminal tools in violation of R.C. 2923.24(A), a fifth degree felony. The
crimes allegedly occurred on October 4, 2019.
{¶3} On October 23, 2019, a separate indictment was filed in trial court case
19-CR-434 charging Coykendall with four counts of burglary in violation of R.C.
2911.12(A)(2), all felonies of the second degree, five counts of forgery in violation
of R.C. 2913.31(A)(1), all felonies of the fifth degree, three counts of theft in
violation of R.C. 2913.02(A)(1), all felonies of the fifth degree, and four counts of
receiving stolen property in violation of R.C. 2913.51(A), all felonies of the fifth
degree.1 The crimes in trial court case 19-CR-434 allegedly occurred on the dates
of September 24-26, 2019, and on October 1, 2019.
1
In the 19-CR-434 case, Coykendall was originally indicted for one count of burglary on October 16, 2019;
however, the superseding indictment containing sixteen counts was filed a week later.
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Case Nos. 9-20-24, 9-20-26
{¶4} On March 13, 2020, Coykendall entered into written negotiated plea
agreements in both pending trial court cases against him. In trial court case 19-CR-
420, he agreed to plead guilty to burglary in violation of R.C. 2911.12(A)(2), a
second degree felony, and in trial court case 19-CR-434 he agreed to plead guilty to
a single count of burglary in violation of R.C. 2911.12(A)(2), a second degree
felony. As part of the written plea agreement, the parties jointly recommended a
minimum indefinite prison sentence on each burglary count of six years, with a
maximum indefinite prison term of nine years. The jointly recommended sentence
indicated that the prison terms would run concurrently. Importantly, the written
plea agreement in trial court case 19-CR-434 specifically stated that the remaining
counts in the indictment (counts 2-16) would be dismissed. By contrast, the written
plea agreement in 19-CR-420 did not state that the sole remaining count would be
dismissed. Nevertheless, the written plea agreements were signed by the parties and
the trial court.
{¶5} According to the trial court’s final entries in the record, a Crim.R. 11
plea hearing was held wherein Coykendall entered his pleas knowingly,
intelligently, and voluntarily; however, no transcript from that hearing was
provided.
{¶6} On April 6, 2020, both cases against Coykendall proceeded to
sentencing. Ultimately the trial court did not follow the joint sentencing
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Case Nos. 9-20-24, 9-20-26
recommendation. Coykendall was ordered to serve a minimum indefinite prison
term of five years on each count, with a maximum possible prison term of seven
and one-half years. Those prison terms were ordered to be served consecutive to
each other, rather than concurrent per the joint recommendation.2
{¶7} Judgment entries memorializing Coykendall’s sentence were filed the
day after the sentencing hearing. The sentencing entry in trial court case 19-CR-
434 specifically stated that the remaining indicted counts were dismissed. The
sentencing entry in trial court case 19-CR-420 did not contain a finding that the
remaining count was dismissed. Coykendall filed appeals from both trial court
judgments. The cases were consolidated for appeal and Coykendall now asserts the
following assignments of error for our review.
Assignment of Error No. 1
The Court erred as a matter of law when it imposed consecutive
sentences without making the appropriate findings and without a
factual basis to justify the imposition of consecutive sentences.
Assignment of Error No. 2
The sentencing structure created by the Reagan Tokes Act is a
violation of the separation of powers and is therefore
unconstitutional.
{¶8} Before we reach the assignments of error in this matter, we must address
a jurisdictional issue raised by the state. Separate from the briefing in this case, the
2
Coykendall was also sentenced to serve an additional twelve months in prison for a post-release control
violation. This sentence was imposed in Case 19-CR-420 and ordered to be served consecutively to the new
prison term imposed in that case.
-4-
Case Nos. 9-20-24, 9-20-26
state filed a motion to dismiss the appeal in case 9-20-24, which corresponds to trial
court case 19-CR-420. The state argues that there is no final appealable order in
that case because the trial court did not dispose of the “possessing criminal tools”
charge from the indictment.3 We agree.
{¶9} “In a criminal matter, if a trial court fails to dispose of all the criminal
charges, the order appealed from is not a final, appealable order.” State v. Robinson,
5th Dist. No. 2007 CA 00349, 2008-Ohio-5885, ¶ 11; State v. Cutright, 4th Dist.
Ross No. 20CA3718, 2021-Ohio-1582, ¶ 8. “Such an interlocutory order is not
subject to appellate review.” State v. Grube, 4th Dist. Gallia No. 10CA16, 2012-
Ohio-2180, ¶ 5, citing State v. Smith, 4th Dist. Highland No. 10CA13, 2011-Ohio-
1659, ¶ 5.
{¶10} In this case, after reviewing the record we agree with the state that
there is no disposition in the 19-CR-420 case of the charge of possessing criminal
tools. Thus there is no final appealable order in that case, and we lack jurisdiction
over the matter. Accordingly, appeal 9-20-24, which corresponds to trial court case
19-CR-420, is dismissed.
{¶11} We will now proceed to address the remaining assignments of error as
they pertain to appeal 9-20-26, inasmuch as they can be addressed due to the
dismissal of one of the consolidated appeals.
3
We note the state could also have addressed this issue in the trial court.
-5-
Case Nos. 9-20-24, 9-20-26
First Assignment of Error
{¶12} In his first assignment of error, Coykendall argues that the trial court
erred by imposing consecutive sentences in this matter without making the
appropriate statutory findings pursuant to R.C. 2929.14(C)(4). However,
Coykendall’s sentence in trial court case 19-CR-420 is not final at this time, thus
the prison term in 19-CR-434 has not been officially ordered to run consecutive to
another final judgment. As the prison sentences are inextricably linked, the case in
19-CR-434 must be remanded to the trial court for further proceedings once a final
entry is filed with respect to 19-CR-420. To this extent only, the first assignment
of error is sustained.
Second Assignment of Error
{¶13} In his second assignment of error, Coykendall argues that the
sentencing structure created by the Reagan Tokes Law violates the separation of
powers and it is therefore unconstitutional.
Analysis
{¶14} The challenge raised by Coykendall in this case has been addressed,
and rejected, multiple times by this Court already. State v. Floyd, 3d Dist. Marion
No. 9-20-44, 2021-Ohio-1935, ¶ 20; State v. Crawford, 3d Dist. Henry No. 7-20-
05, 2021-Ohio-547, ¶ 10; State v. Kepling, 3d Dist. Hancock No. 5-20-23, 2020-
-6-
Case Nos. 9-20-24, 9-20-26
Ohio-6888, ¶ 7.4 At this juncture, we decline to revisit our precedent and conclude
that Coykendall’s facial challenge to the Reagan Tokes Law on the basis that it
violates the separation of powers doctrine is without merit. For these reasons,
Coykendall’s second assignment of error is overruled.
Conclusion
{¶15} For the foregoing reasons appeal 9-20-24 is dismissed for lack of a
final appealable order. The first assignment of error related to appeal 9-20-26 is
sustained in part and remanded to the trial court. The second assignment of error
related to appeal 9-20-26 is overruled. Therefore the judgment and sentence of the
Marion County Common Pleas Court is affirmed in part and reversed in part in
appeal 9-20-26.
Appeal Dismissed in Case No. 9-20-24;
Judgment Affirmed in Part, Reversed in Part
And Cause Remanded in Case No. 9-20-26
WILLAMOWSKI, P.J. and MILLER, J., concur.
/jlr
4
We are aware that other appellate districts have found that separation of powers and due process arguments
similar to those raised by Coykendall in this appeal were not yet ripe for review. See State v. Ramey, 4th Dist.
Washington Nos. 20CA1, 20CA2, 2020-Ohio-6733, ¶ 22; State v. Downard, 5th Dist. Muskingum No.
CT2019-0079, 2020-Ohio-4227, ¶ 12-13; State v. Velliquette, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-19-1232, 2020-Ohio-
4855, ¶ 30; State v. Wilburn, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 109507, 2021-Ohio-578, ¶ 10-18; State v. Lavean, 11
Dist. Lake No. 2020-L-045, 2021-Ohio-1456, ¶ 8-12. We are also aware that on December 28, 2020, the
Supreme Court of Ohio accepted a case to determine whether the constitutionality of the Reagan Tokes Law
is ripe for review. See State v. Maddox, 160 Ohio St.3d 1505, 2020-Ohio-6913. At this time, oral arguments
have been held in that case and a decision is forthcoming.
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